program 30, output 1 How brite is that star in the nite ski? (apparent magnitude)
Astronomers invented "apparent magnitude" tu gage star briteness. It konfuze all kauz: bakward & twisted. Bakward: briter lite= smaller number & very brite lite=Negativ number. twisted: its a log, but log base is weerd. Em tried tu patch it onto obsoleet Greek skale & fael. Wen yu kompare 2 stars, first get raesheeo av (brite/dim). Then magnitue=5 times the power yu gotta raes 100 tu. Log base=5th root av 100=2.511886432. Yu kan also kompare absolute magnitudes (output 3)= straenj astronomer gage av the rate enerjee flo outta a star. Sun absolute mag=4.8. Betelgeus ab mag=-7.2. differ=12. Thus, Betelgeus radiate 100^(12/5) times as much power as the sun. =63,095 times as much. input kan hav kommas, $, %, *...waet...browser reed skript stuff
Log skale...wen yu take log av 2 numbers, the differens tween the 2 logs giv the ratio av the 2 numbers. Magnitude skale is more komplex than this. Zampel...sun apparent mag=-26.72. Britest full moon=-12.6. How brite iz zat? step 1...subtrakt smaller magnitude from bigger...26.72 - 12.6=14.12. step 2...divide bi 5...14.12/5=2.824 step 3...raes 100 tu the power 2.824...result=444631. The sun is 444,631 times as brite as the britest full moon. Dont no how tu raes 100 tu a straenj power? Yu kan duit on a sientifik kalkulater. Or puter kan duit, provided yu no how tu program puter. zampel 2...the britest star in the ski is Sirus...magnitude=-1.46.how brite is -1.46?
How brite kompared to wot? Perhaps yuze mangitude=0 as base. differ=1.46-0=1.46 1.46/5=0.292, then 100 raesed tu power av 0.292=3.837. Thus Sirus is 3.8 times as brite as magnitude=0. The star VEGA has app mag=0.03. Kloes nuff tu sae VEGA is magnitude zero=base av magnitude skale. Fast gess at briteness rasheo. If magnitudes differ bi 1, the briter lite is 2.5 times as brite as the dim wit. How did we get this number? 1/5=0.2, then 100 raesed tu 0.2 power=2.511886432. Wot if mag dif=2? 2/5=0.4, then 100 raesed tu 0.4 power=6.3095... How kum not=2*2.5118? Logs R not linear. Sekret hint...2.511886432 squared=6.3095 If apparent magnitudes differ bi 5, briter is 100 times as brite as the dim 1. Magnitude is a gage av radiant flux=energy/(time-area)=power/area. ISO brass sae power shood be watts & area square meters. The area heer is the area av 1 human ie. Theer R sum modern astronomers hu no how tu konvert magnitude numbers tu watts. Thats even more konvuluted than the abuv stuff.sun numbers
sun put out 3.86*10^26 watts (juels/sekond) 1 kilogram mass is equivalent tu 8.98755*10^16 juels thus sun bern up 4.2948 bilyun kg/sekond sun radiate the energy as lite & erth intersept a small frakshun radiate thru surfus av a speer, area=4 pi R*R at erth, radius=meen distance tween erth & sun=1 AU 1 AU=149,597,870,660 meters erth intersept lite bi the kros-sekshun area=serkel, so area=pi*r*r frakshun erth intersept=(erth radius/AU radius)squared divided bi 4 erth radius=6,367,300 meters (meen radius) radrashio=(6367300/149597870600)=0.000042562 squared=1.81159*10^-9 divide bi 4=4.52897*10^-10 (0.000000000452897) erth intersept 1.748*10^17 watts av sunlite (abuv the atmospeer) erth solar konstant=rate erth intersept sunlite kross sekshun area=pi*r*r r=averaej erth radius=6,367,300 meters pi=3.14159265358979323846 insektersekt area=1.2739*10^14 square meters solar konstant=17.48*10^16 watts/1.2739*10^14 sq meters =1372 watts/square meter (abuv the atmospeer) ********* sun lifetime (life span)...how long tu bern up all mass? sun mass=1.989*10^36 kilogram loss rate=4.2948 bilyun kg/sek sun lifetime=4.636*10^20 sekonds 1 yeer=31,556,563 sekonds sun lifetime=1.469*10^14 yeers=15 triyun yeers but kant konvert all mass tu enerjee. Astrofizikers sae sun go nutz in 7.6 bilyun more yeers. Run outta hydrogen, kontrak, heet up, bern karbon. Yuze up all karbon. Bern up more stuff, til kant no more. Then sun bekum red jiant. But em also sae sun get briter gradual over the yeers, so in a meer 1 bilyun, erth will be 2 hot for life.