United States Histree ("history" in krat speek)
| jamestown |
Nu England |
French & Indians |
Nu England trubel: 1675-1691 |
witches |
Nu York |
Maryland |
Virjinya |
| Bakon rebel |
Penns land |
Karolina |
Nu Frans |
Amerika in 1700 |
Yeropeon Wars, 1700-1760 |
after war,1763 |
step 1 tu revolt |
| step 2 1766-1773 |
step 3 1774-1775 |
revolt 1776 |
war 1776-1782 |
guvt in and aft war |
1782-1789 |
Washington, term 1 |
term 2 |
| Jon Adams |
Jeffersun |
James Madison |
War av 1812 |
era av feel good (Monroe) |
Jon Q Adams |
Andru Jaksun |
Van Bruen, Tiler |
| Texas |
Mexikan war |
after Mex war |
sivil war |
after sivil war |
1869-1893 |
1870-1900: US boom & industrialize |
1893: Kleveland, term 2 |
| 1897: McKinlee |
1901: Teddy Roosevelt |
1909: Taft |
1913: Woodro Wilson |
WW1...Werld War 1 |
1920's...kar is king |
1921-1933...3 Republikans |
grate depreshun...stats |
| 1933...Franklin D Roosevelt (FDR) |
1935...diktaters rise, wars spred |
WW 2...US part init |
kold war & iron Kertin |
Eisenhower, 1953-1961 |
Jon Kennedy (JFK), 1961-63 |
Lnydon B Jonston, 1963-69 |
Richard Nixon, 1969-74 |
| Gerald Ford, 1974-77 |
Jimmy Karter, 1977-81 |
Ronald Raegan, 1981-89 |
Jorj H W Bush, 1989-93 |
Bill Klinton, 1993-2001 |
Jorj Bush 2, 2001-2009 |
statistics, stats |
histree, US, Jamestown=first English kolony
**** Jamestown: first "permanent" English kolony in North Amerika
1606: London, 20 Des 1606...Virjinya Kumpanee lode 120 kolonists intu 3 ships
Susan Konstant, Godspeed, Diskuvery, and off em go. Fleet boss=
kaptin Christ Nuport. Em reech "Chesapeek Kapes" on 26 Apr 1607.
14 Mae 1607...em land on a lo swampy ieland in the James River. Name town
Jamestown (River & town named after king James 1).
Em elekt Jon Smith as leeder.
Thees erlee English was mostly advenchuers...init for the munee.
Em thot em kood get rich in the nu werld. Em was rong.
26 Mae 1607...repel first indian attak
1608 January: oenlee bout 50 still alive wen more kolonists kame,
Inklude 2 wemen...first in English kolonees in North Amerika.
1610 June: evreewon giv up, get on ships & sael for England, but meet
Lord Delaware with 300 men & suplies. Evreewon tern round & go bak.
1613 Jon Rolf wed Pokahontas, find Tubak, bring in seed from West Indees,
kross it with lokal tipe, sell it in England...kauz sensashun.
big tubak boom is on. Kolony is saved.
From this point, all English kolonees R mostly kommon men hu
kum tu get land, settel down, make a nu life just like bak in England.
90% R farmers or fishermen. But also hav artisuns (tradesmen).
Most was dirt poor. Many kame over as indentured servants...like
slave for 7 yeers tu pae off kost av the trip.
1619 first representativ assemblee in the kolony...hous av burgeses
first slaves.
1620 men pae 150 pounds tu the kumpanee wich then send 1 woman.
even tho 1051 more folks kame, total number in kolony dropped 139 tu 843.
over next 4 yeers, 4000 more kum. total number alive=1277.
1622 big indian massaker
1624 English king kill the kumpanee & take over: it bekum krown kolony
Nu England (plymouth)
Nu England was setteled bi Puritans=relijus nuts hu wanted tu du
evreethang theer wae. Em felt persakuted in England. This was
an aej weer evree Yerropeon kuntree had a state relijun. Relikun
& state was almost the same thang. Puritans flee kauz em differ
with the English Cherch & R so stubborn, em kant take it NE-more.
Em wanna praktis theer relijun no matter wot the guvt sae.
Puritans later bekum faemus for theer blue laws & kompleet lak av
tolerate other relijuns. Em insisted evreewon in Nu England gotta
akt like puritans. This drive awae many men hu differ with em.
Puritans also insisted indians in theer area obey pruitan laws.
This made no sens tu indians. Puritans kame tu stae=tu farm & liv
in towns. Em take land permanent. This leed tu indian trubels.
1606 North Virjinya kumpanee get rite tu all land north av the Virjinya kumpanee
1607 Jon Popham start trading post at mouth av Kennebek river (Maen now)
wen ship from england kum in spring 1608, evreewon go bak tu England.
Prigrims=Puritans=relijus nuts that separated from cherch av England.
em objekt tu bishops, vestments, & rituals (not in the bibel).
em was reakshunary in cherch stuff & radikals in support av demokrasee.
em was the first nonkomformists. Em flee tu Holland.
Will Brewster got em a "patent" tu a "particular plantashun" in Virjinya.
planned tu settel on Hudsun river=boundree tween the 2 virjinyas.
1620 Maeflower
Leev England in fall 1620; get tu Kape Kod on 9 Nov 1620.
em draw up the "Maeflower Kompakt" wich sae em rule self..."self guvt"
16 Des 1620, em land at Plymouth (Kaptin Jon Smith named it).
em elekt guvener evree yeer.
102 landed, all got sik, 50 lived thru that.
5 Apr 1621: Mayflower sael for England.
Oktober 1621...first thanksgiving shared with indians
1628 Jon Endakot started Salem wich got charter as Massachusets.
portant...charter muved from London tu Boston (not a royal kolony).
Em ran the guvt as em pleez. Em elekted a guvner evree yeer.
big step tuward demokrasee. Englishmen in Amerika rule self.
1634 bout 10,000 puritans in Nu England
1636 Relijus disidents muved out & started wot bekame Konnektikut.
1637 sivil war in England...puritans staed home tu fite the king.
kaused depresshun in Nu England & em diversifi intu ship bild &
trade with west indees.
1639 first printing press in English kolonees at Harvard kollej.
1641 Mass addopted "body av Libertees" wich stated basik rites av men such as
rite tu jury triel, free lekshuns, no taxes without the vote.
Gotta yuze "due proses av law" tu deprive sumwon av life, libertee,
or propertee. Pass radikal laws: zampel...man kant beet wife sept
in self defens.
[in 1761 Otis sae "taxashun without representation is tyranny"]
1643 Konfederashun=loos yuenyun tu settel dispute tween kolonees, & set
kommon front tu French & Indians.
1644 Roger Williams & others banished from Mass as "trubel makers" started Rode Ieland.
It was first plaes that let all Christians hav wotever relijun him want.
???? Jon Mason started Nu Hampshire at Portsmouth=a port
???? Ferdinando Jorjes oened Maen as his Fuedal state. Him die & nu oener
sell it tu Mass. For many yeers, Maen is part av Mass.
1670 Em invent the trade in Rum=maen soers av munee for Nu England.
1677 Guvners av kolonees appel tu king for help. King send brass tu enfoers
kings orders. king dont tri tu help with indian wars. Nu Englanders
resent this. Mass as spokesman for all, send letter tu king that sae
England law dont appli in the kolonees. Reesun: not represented in
the English Parliament. 100 yrs later, this bekum fiting werds.
1704 First nuzpaper tu last in Boston.
1706 Ben Franklin born in Boston.
French & Indians: Nu Frans (Kanada)
1608 Sam Champlaen start trading post at Quebek, kalled Nu Frans. French spred
up the St Lawrens river & liv bi trade with indians (mostlee furs).
1609: Nu Frans...French Kanada=Quebek
The nu French kolony along the St Lawrens River (Quebek) was based
on the fur trade with the Indians. The French was advenchuerers...
em kame for the fun, the glory, & the munee. Also brot preests
hu tried tu konvert the Indians. The french lived with the Indians:
did NOT tri tu chaenj him or take his land. Number av French in
Kanada was alwaes much less than in the Brit kolonees. Never had
many av the kommon man...farmers or merchants.
French leeders tried tu gide or kontrol the Indians with lite hand.
Champlaen want tu kontrol Indians or at leest hav em as allies.
Oenlee fites French had with lokal indians was small fite tu
impress lokal cheefs.
Frenchmen alli with Indians in the area=Hurons, Algonquin & Ottawa.
Foe & rival=Iroquois=the 5 naeshuns=Mohawk+Oneida+Onondaga+Cayuga+Seneka.
Theer was a long histree av indian rades north-south tween the 2.
French join war as wae tu impres the lokal Indians & thus inkreez
the trade=make more munee.
28 June 1609: Champlaen & 10 other Frenchees join indians at Quebek.
French & Indians start south from Quebek tu rade Irquois.
Go up the Richelieu River (French name for it), karry kanues around
rapids, go south along long, skinny lake (Lake Champlaen now),
Then Lake Jorj, then overland tu the Hudsun River.
The French & Indians meet a Iroquois war party at south end av
Lake Champlaen. 3 Frenchmen get intu theer full body armer. It is
proof ginst Indian arroes. French hav muskets (arquebuses) [matchloks]
Irquois had never met muskets. Indians had sheelds av wood & anamal
hides that was faer protekt ginst arroes. Musket shot go thru em
& kill 2 indian cheefs. Iroquois indians flee.
This was the start av 150 yeers av French & Indian wars.
1641: Iroquois got muskuts from Dutch at Fort Orange (Albany) & go north.
Em ambush up & down the St Lawrens vallee. Theer was bout 300 French
theer. Bout 800 Mohawk wipe out most av em. It was a war av ambush,
stelth, sprize, & rades. It bekame a war tu survive for the French &
theer allies. In time, the konstant war weer out the Irquois.
Around 1660, evrewon so tired av war, it peter out. But the Irquois
was alwaes a thret tu all neer em.
Nu England indian trubels: 1675-1691
King Filip war
Wen Prigrams kame, lokal Indian tribe=Wampanoags & cheef=Massasoit.
(Massasoit bekum state av Mass). [sum kalled the tribe Metakom].
Cheef was frendlee with kolonists. Him ask puritans tu giv English
names tu his 2 suns. Em bekame Alexander & Filip, after Greek kings.
Konflikts tween English & Indians kame tu a hed. Problem:
English want land for farms & towns. Had tu get it from Indians.
Indians R mostlee hunters, so eech indian need bout 20 times the land
1 Englishman yuze. Many kolonists tri chaenj indians tu be like good
English. More so in Nu England than other kolonees. The Puritan wae
was so harsh, even other English koodnt take it. (Ben Franklin koodnt).
Indians did not understand basik ideas av English law, such as bi, giv, oen,
yers, mine. Indians raeded tu drive off livestok...thank its faer game.
Expanding kolonees pushed on the "peesabel" indians. Indians was afraed
tu tri tu go west kauz av the war-like Mohawks theer.
French got along with indians, traded but didnt tri tu chaenj him.
Number frenchees in Kanada so small, not a big thret tu Indians theer.
Most French was advenchuerers. Em didnt tri tu settel down; no farmers.
1661: Cheef die & Alexander bekum indian cheef.
Puritans kall Alexander tu kum hither tu anser komplaents ginst him.
Him refuze. English send troops hu drag him intu kort. Him get sik
& die. Brother Filip bekum cheef..."king Filip". Him blame wites
for deth av Alexander. Him hate wites, but hav problems.
That area hav many small indian tribes hu oft dont get along with
eech other. Filip tri tu yunite Indians
24 June 1675...Filip go on warpath...atak border towns.
Nu England hav bout 40,000 wites & 20,000 Indians.
Indians wiped out several border towns & beet guvt foers sent tu fite em.
Kolonists boteled up in towns & farms for defens oenlee & refuze tu take
the feeld (fraed tu go out & fite).
Other kolonees hert, not help. Nu York guvner tri tu annex part av Konn.
Wen a Boston ship went tu Virjinya tu tri tu get korn, Virjinya terned it bak
King Charles 2 dont du nuthan; but did send 1000 men tu Virjinya tu put
down a revolt bi Nat Bakon.
Freendlee indians gradual teech kolonists how tu fite indian wae.
Several indian tribes staed outta it. War-like indians did not hav good
leeder. no overall plan (stradejee), no jenral tu leed em in war. It was
tipikal Indian hit-&-run raeds.
19 Nov 1675...Guvner Winslo leed army thru sno tu indian kamp in Rode Ieland.
Atak bout 3000 Narragansets in theer fort. Kolony win...kill 2000 indians.
luze 80 men. Konolists lern tu keep pushing indians all the time so him
kant rest, kant get food. Winter is best time tu hit Indians.
3 Apr 1676: Foers av kolonists+ freendlee indians kapture cheef Canonchet
12 Aug 1676...Kaptin Cherch katch up with Filip hu get killed in the fite.
1678 Off-N-on fiting in Maen end in 1678 wen Indians sine treetee.
It took Nu England 20 yeers tu rebild & repopulate the berned-out areas.
1684 Kotton Mather yuzed "Amerikan" for all in kolonees sept indians.
***** King assert power in Nu England
1684 Nu king=James 2. Him kombine Mass, Nu Hampsire & Maen intu
Dominion av Nu England.
Him is katholik, so many suspekt him av plots tu hav Rome rule em.
French protestant refugees spred taels av wot French king did tu em.
King send Jo Dudlee tu rule this dominion; Dudlee=reformed puritan.
Effekt was tu sweep awae the old rulers in the kolonees & replaes em
with Torys (king's men). Nu men introduces the "jollees av Englishmen"
more liberal than pruitans. Old gard dont like it.
1686 King send Nu York guvner tu rule Nu England & add Plymouth tu the dominion.
1687 Added Rode Ieland & Konn. All resent this as em had ben free tu du as
em like for last 60 yeers. Then king add Nu York & Nu Jersee & plan
tu add Penn's land (Pennslyvania).
King James sae all land belong tu him & insist evreewon pae rent.
Guvner Andros make taxes as him see fit=ignor lokal representativs.
NE-1 hu protest gotu jael.
Gloreeus Revolushun in England
William & Mary bekum king & queen
King Williams War in Amerika
1688 English parliament invite William av Orange (Dutch) tu kum & replaes
James. i.e. Parliament kik out the king & replaes him.
This is a nu idea...that folks av a kuntree kan chuez theer king.
This is sivil war & cherch war. Most folks R protestants.
James was katholik. William is protestant.
5 Nov 1688 William land in England. James flee tu katholik Frans.
"gloreeus Revolushun av 1688" make Will & Mary rulers. From now on,
parliament selekt the king tu rule England.
4 Apr 1689: nuz av nu king reech Boston. Folks revolt & thro out Andros.
Old leeders take over the kolonees.
****** French Kanada tri tu invade English kolonees
1689 Nu guvner av French kanada=Frontenak...French king Luis order him:
Go south & take evreethang yu kan. Evreewon gotta sweer allegians tu
king av Frans. Ransum evreewon yu kan grab. Send all protestants
tu Frans.
Frontenak got tu Quebek in September=late tu start a war.
Oenlee bout 800 soldyers on hand. But hin send troops south NE-wae.
Him yuze French "bushrangers"=French hu liv with & like Indians=
liv in the wild forests. As Yuzeyual, Indian allies go along.
15 Jan 1690: first french war party go south from Montreal. Gotta go
thru sno. Got tu Hudsun Riven in March. Find the dutch in Skenektady
left the fort gates open, so French walk in. Burn the town,
kill bout 60, take bout 80 hostages.
Other war partees rade fronteers av Nu England that spring.
This alarm all in the Northeest.
1690 Boston raes lokal army tu attak French fort at Port Royal.
Port Royal was French Navy base in Nova Skoshia=base so French
fleet kan protekt ships tween Frans & Kanada.
April 1690: Will Fips av Boston leed bout 500 Mass militia tu Port Royal.
11 Mae 1690: land at Port Royal. French surrender (hav bout 50 soldyers).
summer 1690: Mass militia under Fitz-Jon Winthrop go bi land tu atak Kanada.
many politikal squabbels, so dont hav neer number men him spekted.
Small pox skare awae all indian allies. Not nuf kanues, so small
part av army under Jon Schuyler get tu Lake Champlaen. Then all
go home.
Next, Fips get bak tu Boston after take Port Royal. This revive
spirit in Boston. Em get tugether 36 ships & 2,200 men.
Sir William leed foers av farmers & fishermen without NE
speereeans at fite war.
9 Aug 1690: em sael...hed for Quebek.
Oktober: Nu England army get tu Quebek. As leeders tri deside how tu
atak, French soldyers kum from Montreel down the river tu Quebek.
French hav 3000 in Quebek. Militia land 1300 men at ST Charles.
4 daes av fite on land, militia giv up & go home.
1691-98: lotta indian rades but no reel fite in North Amerika.
1691 King Willyum made Mass a royal kolony.
1692 King Willyum appoint Fips as guvner av Mass.
1698 England & Frans end the "War av the Grand Allians" (Pees av Ryswik)
witches in Boston
???? Boston had 44 witches & 3 hanged bi 1692.
???? Rev Kotton Mather rite a book that hav a list av thangs that him klaem
will deside if yer a witch.
SALEM:
Sum teen girls, as a prank, akkuze the famlee slave girl as a witch.
The master flog her til her konfess.
Aft more beets, her name other witches.
This redikulus fars run wild like runawae traen. NE-1 kan sae yer a witch.
1692 Guvner Fips appoint a speshal Kort tu tri witches.
This fan the flames even more.
Cheef Justis (Will Stougton) run amok.
Innosent girls point tu others in hopes em will get off eezee.
Suen, meen folks akkuze enemees as a wae tu get rid av em.
14 girls & 5 men hanged.
Giles Koree was "pressed tu deth" wen him refuze tu admit NE-thang.
4+ died in jael.
1 babe-in-arms went nuts wen em hanged her mother.
55 lived oenlee kauz em akkuze sumwon els.
But then the mob poke self in ie...em go after bigwigs such as the
Boston klerjee & the guvner's wife.
Fips dissolved the kort on 12 Okt 1692 & releesed 150 from jael.
oenlee saving graes is em did NOT bern NE-1 at the stake...that was kommon
in Yerrop at that time.
*****
Nu York (Nu Netherlands)
1609 Henree Hudson (Englishman hu werk for the Dutch) xplore the Hudson River.
1621 Dutch West India Kumpanee formed
1624 Dutch start Albany (Fort Orange)
1626 Dutch start Nu Amsterdam (later=Nu York Sitee). Em bi Mahattan for 60 gilders.
(bout 60$ in 1965 dollars)
1630 Dutch started "Patroons"...NE-1 hu bring 50 folks got a fuedal estate
with 15 miles on the Hudson River. Desendants av patroons bekame
presidents...Roosavelts.
1630-1660 Dutch has seerees av bad guvners that got evreewon mad.
1664 King Charles 2 av England gave his brother (duke av York)
land that inkluded all av the Dutch areas & more. Miner problem:
gotta take awae the land from the Dutch. York sent Nicolls with
4 friguts (war ships). Got theer on 18 Aug 1664. Talked Dutch
Guvner Peter Stuyvesant tu giv up. Chaenj name tu Nu York.
1665 Duke York gave Nu Jersee tu Jorj Karteret. Sumthang nu in Ameriks:
Rulers av Nu York & Nu Jersee did NOT akt like diktaters. York
expanded the patroon wae...giv awae big land grants tu English & Skot
nobels & king favorits.
1673 York needed munee, so him kalled the state assembli tu make taxes.
It passed the "Charter av Libertees" that sed oenlee it kan make laws.
1675 King James 2 sae libertees R ded & the assemblee 2.
1689 Wen William & Mary replaes king James, theer is neer sivil war in Nu York.
All the patrons are kings men. Em R ginst revolushuns & giv rites tu man.
Merchant Jakob Leisler led militia & set up nu guvt. Guvner Nicholson
stae in power & fite the upstarts. William was bizee with rebels in
Ireland & Skotland...no time for kolonees. Next=war with Frans:
Frans tri tu put James bak as king av England. Kalled
"war av Leeg av Augsberg" in Yerrop, "king William's war" in Amerika.
8 Feb 1690, French & Indians wipe out Schenectady, Nu York.
Leister sent troops & talked tu Nu England on kommon war ginst Kanada.
Winthrop av Konn led trueps ginst Kanada & faeled.
1691 Royal troops from England got tu Nu York in Jan 1691 (Majer Ingoldsbi).
Ingoldsbi sed "giv the guvt tu me" Leister refuze. Em fite.
Leister surrender on 17 Mar 1691. William appoint Slotter as Guvner.
16 Mae 1691 Slotter kum & hang Leister. Half av Nu York rebel.
1691 York sell Nu York the the king...it bekame a royal kolony.
Maryland
1632 the king split off part av Virjinya north av the Potomak & gave it tu
lord Baltimore=Jorj Kalvert. He made it a plaes for katholiks.
Jorj was Irish & katholik. Jorj died & sun Sesilius got it. Never
gotu Maryland. Brother Leonard kame in 1633. Kalverts tried tu get
katholiks tu kum, but most hu kame over was protestants. Kalverts gave
"maners" land grants similar tu the Patroons in Nu York, but not as bad.
Most kommon folk kame as indentured sarvants...laber for bout 5 yeers
then bekum free.
Majer subklass was Irish & Skot rebels the king katched...Him sent em
tu get rid av em. Em had tu werk 7 yeers tu bekum free. Ship oeners
oft send men hu sweep London for yueths, kidnap em, & foers em tu werk
on the ships. Ship kaptin sold em in the kolonees as indentured.
1649 first time the assemblee meet.
1650 assenbkee divided intu 2 houses...duke appoint 1, other elekted.
In effekt, all with NE power was alwaes katholiks.
1692 King imposed the cherch av England as the oenlee relijun in Maryland.
1702 Impose Angilikan as state cherch...texpaers pae for it.
Virjinya
1624 English king take over Virjinya from the kumpanee. From now on, it is a
Royal kolonee. Virjinya was alwaes the biggest & richest kolony.
King appointed a guvner & a kounsil. Guvner rule like a king. Til 1660,
king was bizee elsweer & ignored the kolony. That was fine with em.
Oenlee roed was from Jamestown tu the Guvner's manshun.
The ekonomee was tubak. Evreewon lived on a river bank with
a wharf so boets kan kum tu pik up the krop. Tubak weer out the land
very fast, so evree farm had tu hav "reserv"=emptee land. Next yeer:
plow & plant a different part av his land. Thus, 90% av the land was
not yuzed...worn out or virgin forest.
Evreewon was paed in pounds av tubak. Later, hav paper munee based
on tubak in warehous. All hu got rich did it from the land. Most from
gro tubak.
Evreewon in Virjinya was a "Cavaleer"...a king's man during the sivil
wars tween kings & Parliament (Kromwell). Guvner Berkelee made shuer
Virjinya dont hav a printing press & no free skuels.
1660 over suppli av tubak & lo pries bekame everlasting problem.
1668 tubak pries=0.5 sent/pound=all time lo
1675 Virjinya revolted ginst 2 much monarchy (bekame tired av the royal guvner).
King Charles 2 got 100,000 pounds from tax on tubak.
1705 Virjinya law sae slaves R propertee.
Bakon rebel in Virjinya in 1675
Poor pae most taxes in Virjinya. Ruling klass dont pae NE tax. Small
kloesed klik av rich men kontrol the guvt. Most folk farm tubak=theer
oenlee inkum. Tubak pries still belo 1 sent/pound. Guvner Berklee
"adjerned" the burgesses for 14 yeers. Him sae em hav nuthang tu du.
Kommon folk dont hav NE sae in the guvt & no vote.
**** Indian problem
Most indians R in enclaves surrounded bi wites. Guvner protek em
kauz guvt had treetees with em. Poor wites envee indians & want the
land. Indian fite indian kauz problem. Seneka indians push the
Susquehannok indians south tu the Potomak. Thees then murdered 3 wites
(July 1675) Indian bands raed fronteer farms. Guvner bild forts on
fronteer: tu protekt the eest weer most folks was. Fronteer men get mad
kauz guvner dont help em.
**** Nathanel Bakon
Nathanel Bakon was a rich land oener & part av the rulling klik.
But him got mad wen indians killed the overseeer av his farms. Him leed
the lokal militia ginst the indians. Fiting spred as neerbi farmers join.
Guvner kalled him a traeter for fite indians. Em get tugether & make pees.
Then indians raed more farms. Bakon sae guvner betraed him & march on
Jamestown. Guvner flee. Many join Bakon & him set up a guvt. Sivil war
tween rebels & loyalists. Wen kame shodown, most av Bakon's men flee
intu the woods. Bakon got sik & died (26 Okt 1676). Rebels fade awae.
King Charles sent a fleet & 1100 soldyers tu fite Bakon, but em get
theer after Bakon die. Later Bakons rebelyun is a raeling kri for
nu rebels ginst the king.
1680 bout 1680, slaves bekame a basik part av life in Virjinya.
1693 Muve kapital tu williamsberg (then kalled "middel plantation")
**
penns land (Pennsylvania)
March 1861: king gave William Penn a slies av land in the kolonees.
kame bout kauz his ded father (Admiral Penn) started onit b4 him died
& was a freend af Duke av York hu provided munee tu bribe the king.
Will Penn was a freend av Quakers & enkeraejed em tu gotu Amerika.
1682 Penn rite a booklet bout his nu kolony that set a nu rekord: It was true.
Him spesified the tipe persun him want & the rules tu get land theer.
Yu kan get 200 aker farm for 1 sent/aker. Penn based kolony on relidjus
free for all. It was a "propietary"=him oen it=not a Royal kolony.
But king kan overrule NE-thang sumwon in Amerika du. Penn muve tu his
nu land, appoint self as guvner, & lae out plan for Filly at spot that
had sum leftover farmers from the old Sweed kolony.
1685 Penns land hav 9000...amazing groeth in short time.
1686 Tom Penn kum over tu run Penns land. Ledjund sae: indians gave Will Penn
land as far as a man kan walk in 1.5 daes. So Tom Penn hired best runner
him find tu "walk" west at max speed. Him got 500,000 akers from that.
1701 W Penn agreed tu a charter that had an elekted assemblee. This was
in effekt the konstitushun av Penns land til 1776.
1764 Mason-Dixon line...hired servaers mark border tween Maryland & Penns land.
Karolinas
1662 promoters gotu king Charles 2 for a grant for Karolina. Maen promoter=
Anthony Ashlee Kooper (later lord Ashlee). Karolina=area south av
Virjina & north av Florada. Em plan tu make silk, wine, olives.
1663 King giv em all land from Atlantik tu Pasifik south av Virjinya.
kalled "proprietary"=man oen it & akt like the king.
1670 first kolonists= 1 ship with Kaptin Jo West. Landed weer 2 rivers
meet the see & kalled it Charles Town...South Karolina.
1685 sum French Huguenots kame & planted ries in koestal swamps & brot slaves.
???? north area was setteled bi poor folk from Virjinya...farmers hu kant
kompeet with slaves in Virjinya.
1710 Jerman & Swiz found Nu Bern in North Karolina
1729 proprietars sold out tu the king & him divide it intu North & South.
**
**** Nu Frans
1608 Champlaen start trading post at Quebek, kalled Nu Frans. French spred
up the St Lawrens river & liv bi trade with indians (mostlee furs).
"proprietary" kolony & Champlaen run it like a king...dont let normal
folks in. Him want "seigneurees"=lords...similiar tu patroons in Nu York.
Grate for the lords, hell for the kommon man.
1628 first farm started
1629 English privateer kaptured Quebek in a war tween England & Frans, but
Charles 1 av England gave it bak aft war.
1642 Montreel started. Total number av French in Kanada= bout 300 & bout 100
are preests hu R like mind-kontrol freeks.
non fur-traders was like in frans...serfs with no rites, no freedum.
1663 Kanada bekum Krown kolony...King oen it.
1666 King send a fleet & 1100 Soldyers hu staed. Guvner=Military man.
Send Army+volunteers+freendlee indians south tu fite Iroquois indians.
in wot is now upstate Nu York. This skared the indians, so had 20 yrs
pees. Then xplorers went west thru Grate Lakes tu Missippi & down tu
Arkansas.
1672 French populashun: 500 in Arkadia & 7000 French along the St Lawrens.
At this time Frans had twice the population av England, but never got
many Frenchmen tu gotu Kanada. England had bout 4.5 milyun in 1672.
1679 La Sall sael from Buffalo tu Lake Mishigan, go round lake, bild forts
explored the Illinois River. Go 1000 miles in 65 daes in a kanu.
1681 La Sall leed French & Indians overland tu Missippi River.
1682 On 6 Feb, start down Miss in kanues. 6 Apr...at mouth av Mississippi.
Him klaem all land him go thru for Frans...later bekum Luisiana.
1684 La Sall gotu Frans & talk king tu send folks tu mouth av Miss. Em land
400 miles west & bild a fort in land Spaen klaem: later bekum Texas.
1687 18 March...mutineers kill La Sall.
1690 Spaen reakt & send troops tu Texas tu keep French out.
1692 Spaen send troops tu Pensakola in Florida.
****** Nu Frans in the 1700's
1700 estimated numbers in Nu Frans=6,200 French.
1701 French start trading post at Detroit.
1718 French start Nu Orleens, Luisiana.
Frans tried tu serkel the English kolonees bi take land north av
Ohio River, go west tu Mississippi, & down the river tu the gulf. Bild
forts at Krown Point (Lake Champlaen), Niagara, on the Walbash, Detroit.
Frans also bilt big fort at Luisberg...on ieland, in Atlantik. Tu hold it
yu need kontrol av the see (strong navy).
1731-1744: explored & bild forts in Minnesota. Walk thru Dakotas & Montana.
1744 War av Jerkins Eer merjed intu War av Austrian Succession. In Amerika
=King Jorj's war.
1745 England attak Luisberg. England warships keep French fleet awae.
Massachutes supply army: kommanded bi Will Pepperel.
30 Apr 1745: army land on ieland neer Luisberg, but outta raenj av French guns.
16 Jun 1745: French surrender.
French & indians raed the Nu England fronteer as yusyual.
1746 French send big fleet, but battered bi storms, then men get sik (skervee).
It go bak home, never fite NE-1. Lost 3000 ded from dazeez.
1748 Treety av Aix-la_Chapel, England reterned Luisberg tu Frans.
******* Nova Skotia=land north av Maen.
1713 England took the area from Frans, but the Frenchmen staed theer.
folk="French Akadians", mostly around Fundy Bae.
1749 England send 1400 English tu make an English kolony av Nova Skotia.
England rounded up all the Frenchees it kood & muved em tu Nu Orleens:
bout 6000. Tudae we kall em "Kajuns".
Amerikan in 1700
***** Amerika in 1700
Theer was 9 kolonees. Missing 4: Maen is part av Massachuchets.
Delaware, Jorjya, & Vermont yet tu kum. Boundrees with French & Spaen R
vaeg & oft fite over it. Frans kontrol Kanada, grate lakes, Mississippi Riv.
Spaen kontrol Florida & Mexiko & hav posts in Texas.
**** populashun
English kolonees in North Amerika=275,000 folks
Kanada: 50,000 Frenchees
England: 5,000,000
** English kolonees
Evreewon liv on thin strip av land along the koest oenlee 50 miles
deep. Setteled strips along big rivers stretch inland. Indians still
liv on koest av North Karolina.
biggest sitee=Boston at 7,000, Nu York 2nd.
Evree kolony hav elekted assemblee, like Brit parliament.
All but S Karolina hav lokal self-rule. Life based on English
tradishuns, laws, kulchuer. English ideas bout libertees &
self-guvern is intrenched. 2 kollejes:
2 kollejes: Harvard (neer Boston) & Wilyun & Mary (Williamsberg, Va)
Free skueling for boys in Maryland & all plaeses north.
Boston was sekond oenlee tu London in most gages av wot a sitee shood hav.
All kolonees R a kommershal empire...dezined tu make England rich.
This kontrast with other Yeropeon empires that was basikally Military
dezined tu inkreez the power av the home kuntree.
**** Merkantile system
All kolonees R for the benefit av the mother kuntree. Thus all trade
must be oenlee with the muther kuntree. If sumthang go elsweer,
it gotta go thru mother kuntree (England). This was the dogma av
1600's & 1700's. In the 1600's, kolonees ignored this & got awae
with it. England was bizee fiting wars in Yerrop & left Amerika
alone most av the time. This chaenj in the 1700's. England tri
tu kontrol the kolonees. This leed tu strife & later war. Maen
bone av diskontent: nu taxes.
1700's...war in Yerrop & kolonees
Yerropeon wars led tu fiting in the kolonees with Frans and/or Spaen.
Yerrop kuntrees wanted the sugar gro ielands av the West Indees.
Bi this time most av the gold & silver was mined outta Spaen-Amerika.
Most fiting in Amerika was with the indians. The French was good at get
indians tu fite for em (or maby with em). French keep Kanada many
yeers with indian help. Amerikans kame tu equate war with fite indians.
Queen Ann war...1701-1713
William fell off a hoers & died, so England hav Queen Ann.
In Yerrop..."War av Spanish Succession". King av Spaen died with no living kin.
Yeropeon powers supported eech favorite distant kuzen or huever em want.
Seerees av wars tween all portant kuntrees in Yerrop.
Treetee av Utrekt in 1713 started 30 yeers av pees in Yerrop.
England got Akadia, Hudson's Bae, & Nufoundland in Kanada. Also got
Gilbraltar. Frans & Spaen worn out. England bekame supreem at see.
Other big see power=Dutch also worn out from so much fiting.
In Yerrop, Prushya xpand & bekum a kuntree.
**** Nu England
1704 Indians bern Deerfeeld, Mass. Nu England alarmed. Mass bild army.
Mass send army tu Acadia (Kanada, eest koest, nort av Nova Skotia)
1707 militia atak Port Royal, then go home.
1709 Grand plans tu raes big army in kolonees + 3000 Brit army.
Kernel Nickolson leed 1500 men up Hudson, then gotu Lake Champlaen.
Then waet for Brit fleet with English army, spozed tu kum help.
Fall kum, leefs fall, so Nickolson go bak tu Albany.
(England sent the ships & soldyers tu Portugal).
18 Sep 1710: Mass send 40 ships with 1500 men tu atak Port Royal.
Nickolson land men. French surrender the fort (had 250 men).
1711 England deside tu atak Kanada. Kauz=politikal maneuvers tween
the wig & tory partees. The Duke av Marlboro (wig) won several
fites ginst French & Spaen in Yerrop=got a lotta publisity.
Torys want sum glory 2. Make 12,000 man army & put it under
Jak Hill=brother av Mrs Masham's sun. Mrs Masham was a royal
favorit & got wot her want. Jak Hill was NOT a military man.
Admiral Walker kommand the fleet. Fleet get tu Kanada in August.
Both Walker & hill look for NE xkuez tu not fite. Walker deside
him kant go up the St Lawrens River withou pilots, even tho
Will Fips did it 30 yeers B4. Walter go home & never fite.
Nicholson led a ground foers north tu Lake Champlaen. Wen he
heer the English saeled bak tu England, him go home.
**** The South & Luisianna
1699 Frans start post at Biloxi, Mississippi.
1702 Frans start post at Mobile, Alabam.
1707 militia from Charleston, S Karolina bern down Pensakola (Spaen land)
1711 Tuskalero Indians in North Karolina kill setlers.
1712 Karolina diveded intu North & South.
1714 T-time. First tee (kafeen drink England luv tudae) kum tu Amerika.
King Jorj 1 krowned
1717 Tuskarora indians ravage N Karolina.
After several yeers fitin, Tuskaroras muve tu Penns land & join the
Iroquois Konfederasee.
1713-1753...kolonees prosperus, gro fast
Pees treetee in 1713 stop war in Yerrop & hav 30 yeers pees.
But North Amerika had uneezee tures tween English & French &
sumtimes border squabbels. Hevee migrate from Yerrop: populashun
gro faster.
1713 Brits make Nova Skotia a kolony, but many French Akadians liv theer
1727 King Jorj 2 take over.
1729 Ben Franklin start the Pennee Gazet nuzpaper.
1731 Ben Franklin start first publik Library in North Amerika.
1732 Jorj Washington born...22 Feb 1732
Ben Franklin start "Poor Richard's Almanak"
1733 Molasses akt...England put hevee duty if it kum from NE-weer sept
Brit kolonees in West Indees. In praktis all kum from French & Spaen kolonees.
1733 Jorjya founded...England wanted a buffer north av Spaen's Florida.
Jenral James Oglethorp got the charter, kame over & start Savana.
He forbid liquor & Slaves, so kolony slo tu gro.
Later, he drop both; stil slo gro.
in 1752, 1735 wites in Jorjya. Him giv up & sell tu the krown.
1734-35 Nu York guvner arrest Jon P Zenger, publisher av a nuzpaper & charj
him with slander. Lawyer win kort fite with nu argument...truth is not
slander. This set legal base for free speech in Amerika.
1737 first koins minted in US...Konn make kopper koins.
1739 (October) England start war with Spaen..."war av Jenkins Eer": dispute
over the slave trade in the West Indees (then a majer munee soers).
1740 Oglethorp=guvner av nu kolony Jorjya go intu Florida & atak Spaens at
St Augustine. Atak on stone fort fael. Him go home.
England send fleet & atak Port Bello & Panama. Lotta fite waested.
1741...Rushya hire Dane...Bering tu xplore far eest. Him find Alaska.
1741...Other kolonees suppli volunteers, England send ships.
plan tu attak Kartagena, Kolumbia (then kalled Nu Granada).
Atak faeled. Yello fever hit the men on the ships. Em giv up.
Mae 1742: Spaen assembel 30 ships in Havana, pik up soldyers in St Augusteen,
1743 Gotu Jorjya, take St Simon Ieland. Fite in swamps. Spaen giv up.
War end in 1748 with no gaen for NE-1.
***** Kanada & Luisberg
1745 French bild nu fort at Luisberg on Kape Breton Ieland, neer Akadia.
Its even gooder port for warships tu protekt French trade ships.
Boston had revival av war spirit & bild army tu atak Luisberg.
Guvt apoint sivilyun as Jenral Pepperrel tu leed it.
28 Apr 1745: militia land bout 5 miles west av the fort, drive off French
from fort hu kum tu stop em.
05 Mae 1745: Kaptin Vaugham take 400 men thru hills & take sum French
kannon outside the fort. Then take kannon from ships tu land, drag
em thru swamp, set em up tu fire on the fort.
French sent ship Vigilant tu releev the fort, but see small English
ship, chase it intu a English fleet that take the French ship.
23 Mae 1745: Kaptin Vaugham land 300 men at nite at different beech.
Wons men got on land, em giv three cheers wich wake up the French
hu fire kannon at em. Englishmen tri tu atak the fort & fael.
Pepperrel land more guns & keep blasting the fort.
French fort surrender. First time untraened militia take a defended
fort. Did better than many "professhunal" soldyers.
1750 England prohib kolonees from make iron
1751 England prohib kolonees from make paper munee.
1752 Brit Amerika folk kount=1.5 milyun...Hevee in-migrate from Yerrop.
1753 Ben Franklin appointed post master for the kolonees.
1747-1755...Ohio River area
French okkupi the Grate lakes area & Nu Orleans at mouth av Mississipi.
Had splored the big river & bild forts wae out west. Frans hav
Fort Krown Point on Lake Champlaen. Nu York klaem this area is its.
Frans klaem all land west av the Allegehany Mounts & tri tu pin the
English tu a small, thin strip along the eest koest.
English kolonees hav vaej klaems tu lands in the west that oft konflikt.
Virjinya & Penn's land klaem land in the Ohio River area, west av
the mountins tu the mitee Missisip.
1747 Tom Lee in virjinya orged the Ohio Kumpanee tu make munee from land
along the Ohio River bi sell it tu setlers. Others hav klaems tu land
theer. Lotta overlap & konflikt.
1749 Guvner Duqusn av Kanada sent men in boets intu the Ohio area.
1753 French bild fort at Presque Iel on Lake Erie (now=Erie, Penn).
Then bild rode tu start av French Kreek & bild Fort Le Boeuf.
French start Venango=outpost weer French kreek flo intu Allegheny River.
French go downriver & start on fort at weer Alleghany & Mongohillia
meet=start av Ohio River & site av Pitsberg tudae.
15 Nov 1753:Virjinya guvner Dinwiddee send 21 yeer old majer Jorj Washington
tu tell the French tu go awae. Him get tu Venango in on 4 Desember.
Em tell him tu gotu Fort Le Boeuf. Him go theer & giv papers tu top
Frenchee=st Pierre. Him sae French gonna stae.
16 Des 1753: Washington start bak, kanues on the kreek. Wen get bak tu
Venango, find the hoerses em left theer R tu week tu go.
His small party gotta walk out. It sno. Tern kold. Leev sum men
behind. Washington & his gide kross the frozen Allegheny.
16 Jan 1754: Washington giv French papers tu guvner Dinwiddee.
****** 1754=in effekt the start av the big French & Indian War
30 yeers av war that started in Amerika.
Frans hav 55,000 men in Kanada & total av 80,000 in North Amerika.
English kolonees along koers hav 1,250,000 folks.
Kanada was a military & fuedal fiefdum. Guvner is a military man.
English R separate kolonees that squabbel a lot & rarely ko-operate.
Guvt hav elekted assemblees that yuzeyually kontrol the munee.
Most guvners appointed bi English king.
Nu England & Nu York see direkt thret av Indian wars & thus support
wars. Other kolonees oft ignore wars.
1754 Guvner make Washington a kernel in Virjinya militia, send him with
150 men tu gotu fyucher Pitsberg & bild a fort. French get theer first.
French bild Fort Duquesne.
28 Mae 1754: French troops meet Washington bout 55 miles southeest av
Pitsberg. Em fite. Villiers=French leeded killed. Washington win
the first reel fite him is in. His biggest problem is tu keep indian
allies from skalp evreewon em kan get ahold av.
Washington put up temp defenses at open feeld kalled "Grate Meadoes".
Wash kall it Fort Nesessity.
3 July 1754: 900 French atak Wash with 400 men. French win.
French let em walk bak eest (4 July).
******
June 1754...Albany Kongres: 8 kolonees talk bout a yuenyun. Big subjekt:
wot tu du with land west av the mountins. Ben Franklin proposed a
president & kounsil av kolonees. Eech kolonee get number seets based
on how much munee em suppli. Evree kolony rejekt this. At this time,
all kolonees du its oen thang=refuze tu ko-operater or koordinate.
1755 Brits send Jenral Braddok as cheef military man in the Kolonees.
Apr...Jenral Braddok start west tu take French fort at Pitsberg.
The regiments was at half strength, so he tried tu fill em with militia
to total 700. Him depend on lokals for food, wagons, & skouts. Plan tu go
from Alexander, thru Blue Ridj, Allegaenees, wilderness. Jorj Washington
bekame a helper tu Braddok. Evreethang go rong. Reesun: Braddok tri tu
fite Yerropeon war. Him insist on big wagons insted av pak anamals. Thus,
had tu bild a roed for wagons...take long time, make lotta nois. Speshal
batalyun av 300 axmen chop down trees. Took 32 daes tu go 110 miles from
Fort Kumberland tu Pitsberg.
7 July: 10 miles from goel, him form "fliing kolum" av best troops tu go ahed.
9 July: French send bout 150 militia & 650 indians out tu atak. Indians hide in
forest on both sides & shoot tu kill. Brit troops in brite red yuniforms=
eezee targets. Virjinya militia in blue also eezee targets. Redkoets
panik & ran. Lost 977 men. Braddok died. Kernel Dunbar get kommand.
Him flee tu Filly.
French find papers Braddok took that spesifi all English plans in
North Amerika. That inklude atak French fort at Krown Point.
1755-1763...7 yeer war in Yerrop
French & Indian war in Amerika
The fite in Amerika leed tu war in Yerrop. Ofishal start=1756 wen England
deklare war on Frans. Britian + Prussha ginst Frans+Austria+Sweden.
(Spaen joined later)
1755 French jenral Dieskau go south & find English foers is inside Fort
William Henree at south end av Lake Jorj. French with 1300 men atak
2,200 inside fort & luze. English jenral Johnson shood hav gon north
& atak Kanada, but him sit inside his fort. French send more men &
bild Fort Ticonderoga south av Krown point. Jonsons men lost
respekt for Jonson & in November vote tu go home & du.
1755 Guvner Shirlee av Mass raesed army av 1,500 men & wanna take Fort
Niagara. Him gotu Oswego on Lake Ontario & see Fort Frontenak akros
the lake. Him deside him kant go along the lake shore tu Niagara
kauz French will atak his base at oswego wile him awae. Him leev
sum men tu reinfoers Oswego, then go bak tu Boston.
Kernel Jon Winslo av Mass take French Fort Bosejour at Bae av Fundee.
1756 English send nu military cheef tu Amerika=Erl av Loudoun. Him was
like Braddok but badder bumbler.
Apr 1756: Kanada get nu guvner=Montkalm. Him wae outklas Loudoun.
1756 English & French navees fite in Atlantik, Mediterran, Karibbean, Indian.
Both armees fite on ground in India.
Virjinya militia bizee in Shenadoa Vallee...gotta fite indians.
French Montkalm took Fort Oswego on Lake Ontario. Brits luze
fite in India. Prushya lost in Yerrop. Brit army in Yerrop surrender.
The yeer was a disaster evreeweer.
1757 Montkalm take Oswego & English dont tri tu du NE-thank bout it.
Aug 1757: Montkalm bild up French foers in Tikonderoga tu 7,500 men,
then go south & atak fort Wilyum Henree. Seeg breech the walls.
Fort fall. Indians go wild & skalp all em kan.
1757 in Yerrop, king's sun=Duke av Kumberland luze fite in Hanover.
Oenlee good nuz in 1757 is William Pit (Pit the elder) bekum boss
in England. Him restore spirits av the kuntree, apoint nu military
men, & reorg the werk at home.
July 1758: Big English fleet get tu Luisberg: 22 warships, 15 frigates,
& 120 fraters. Army boss= Jeff Amherst with 12,000 soldyers.
French hav 3,200 men + 12 warships inside the harber.
Under Amherst was kernal James Wolf. Wolf leed troops hu land tu tri
repeet wot the Mass militia under Pepperel did 13 yeer B4.
Didnt go neer as good. Boets hit roks. Fite on land was tuch & go.
More English troops land neerbi & French retreet. Rest av fite was
much like wot Pepperel did. French surrender on 26 July.
*** Tikonderoga, 1758
Pit fire Loudoun so top jenral in Amerika=his 2nd=James Aberkrombee.
Pit dont thank much av him, but politiks foers him tu keep him.
In atak on Tikonderoga, Pit hope Jenral Howe du the reel werk.
English bild foers av 6,500 regular brit soldyers+9,000 militia.
Robert Rogers rangers leed the foers north. Kernel Gage hed the
lite infantree, then Howe with the maen foers.
In a small fite, Howe go forward tu see & get hit & die. 1 French
bullet chaenjed this kampane. Aberkrombee gotta kommand the army.
Him atak french dug in in good defens & luze 2000 men=kompleet waest.
Him hav more troops & better supplies, so kood eezee go around &
*** Lake Ontario, 1758
Kernel Jon Bradstreed take 3,000 men tu Oswego, kross L Ontario, &
bern down Fort Frontenak. This isolate French west av theer.
English foers hed for Fort Duquesne (Pitsberg) (Jorj Washington
part av this army). Wen em get neer, French blo up the fort & flee.
This kut Kanada in 2.
1759 English plan was for Jenral Amherst tu go north & take Krown Point
& Tikonderoga. Howe tu take Quebek. Prideaux take Fort Niagara.
Amherst was slo, but did take the 2 forts after the French blo em
up & retreet north. Amherst so slo, no wae kood him get neer Quebek
B4 winter.
Prideaux was killed but Niagara surrendered tu Will Jonson.
1759 Brit jenral Forbs take Guadalupe in the West Indees. England drive
French outta India. Jonson & his Iroquois take Fort Niagara.
Cherakee indian make war in the south.
Quebek, 1759
Pit promote James Howe & giv him the job av take Quebek.
Under Howe was Monkton, Murray, & Townsend.
6 June 1759: English fleet av 170 ships get tu mouth av the St Lawrens
with 8,000 men. Hav 4000 krak soldyers. Add in saelers & get 18,000.
French jenral Montkalm hav 14,000 men. Quebek is on top av hi klif.
All the land next tu the river is hi buffs or klifs=very ruff.
Montkalm fortified bout 7 miles at the top along the river.
The St Charles River kum from north & meet St Lawrens 1 mile eest
av Quebek. 5 mile eest, Orleens Ieland split the river intu north &
south channels.
27 Jun: Brit navy put troops on Orleens ieland=base kamp. Kan see Quebek.
29 Jun: Wolf take Point Levi kross river & in kannon raenj av Quebek.
put bigger foers on north side av river (Quebek side) & eest av French troops.
July: Wolf keep bombard Quebek & redues much av it tu rubbel.
19 Jul: sum ships slip past Quebek & go up river tu stop French supplies
from the west.
31 Jul: Wolf atak weer small streem enter river. Evreethang go rong.
atak fael.
10 Sep: Admiral Saunders threten tu sael awae. Him dont wanna be theer
wen the river freez. Sum ies had alredee started.
Wolf deside tu tri tu klimb up the klif neer Quebek.
12 Sep: navy fake a landing tu draw away French. That nite, Wolf floet
downstreem past Quebek tu a krak in the klifts: area so ruff, French
thank nowon kan go theer. Boets bring in more men. Assembel army.
13 Sep: Wolf hav 4,500 Brit troops on the Plaens av Abraham, outside the walls av Quebek.
French send 4000 outta the fort tu meet Brits toe-tu-toe.
French spend 30 minuts tu form ranks, then march tuward brits.
Brits fire 2 vollees av muskets & kill many French. Then baeonet charj
rout the french. Wolf & Montkalm killed bi enemee bullets.
French surrender. Both sides lost bout 650 soldyers.
French abandon the fort & flee west. A French foers av 2,000 men
(Bougainvil) from the west hed for Quebek. Townsend repel em.
In effekt, England now kontrol Kanada.
***** spring 1760
Big see fite: English admiral Ed Hawk defeet French Konflans in Quiberon Bae.
This giv England kontrol av the Atlantik.
1760 Brits oenlee left a small foers at Quebek. In spring av 1760, French
+ Kanadians ataked, lae seej tu brits in the fort.
16 Mae 1760: Brit fleet go up the St Lawrens.
Haviland go north on Lake Champlaen
Amherst go down the St Lawrens from Lake Ontario.
8 Sep 1760: 3 Brit Jenrals konverj on Montreal & last French army surrender.
For Amerika, the war ended in 1760 sept for indian fites.
1761: Brits take most French ielands in the West Indees. Spaen join Frans in
the war, Brits send a navy & take far off Manila
1762: Brits take Havana.
****** pees treety av 1763
1763: Pees av Paris...French luze most land in North Amerika.
Luze Kanada & giv up klaems tu land eest av Mississippi.
Frans keep a fyu small ielands in Eest Indees.
Frans also keep Luisiana at Nu Orleens & big, undefined area northwest.
Frans ekonomee is ruined, fleet lost, army in tatters.
England get India=empire. England kontrol the sees.
West boundree av English area set tu the Mississippi River.
Britian took Florida from Spaen (at pees talks, no fiting theer).
but later gave it bak.
(later sekret treety) Frans giv luisiana tu Spaen tu offset her loss av Florida.
But didnt reelee luze Florida...England giv it bak.
In Yerrop, Prushya rise tu power all gotta watch.
1763...after french & indian war
The English viktree over Frans was 2 kompleet. It made Frans mad
as hell. Her waet for chans tu get bak at England. Frans tri tu
ferment disputes tween England & the kolonees in Amerika.
This was eezee. England konsidered all kolonees property.
Purpus=serv England. England kan du wotever it want tu all kolonees.
In Amerika, folks see self as Englishmen & thus hav same rites as
all Englishmen. England rule with iron fist. Guvt kan veto NE-thang
kolony du. For last 100 yeers, Brit rule was lite. England was
week kompared tu rivals in Yerrop. Thus England mostly ignored
Amerika. Folks got yuzed tu ignore most Brit rules.
This chaenj in 1763 after the French & Indian War. Now England
all powerful. England tri tu enfoers its laws in Amerika. This kauz
a lotta diskontent. Biggest sore point: taxes. All kolonees hav
elekted assemblee & its most portant power is kontrol munee & that
inklude taxes. This diskont gro intu revolt in 12 short yeers.
**** taxes
1761: Otis in Boston sae "Taxashun without representation is tyranny"
Sam Adams pikked it up: ""no sae in taxes redues kolonists from
free subjeks tu slaves"
At the time, fyu notis this, but that soon chaenj.
****** sore points
Guvners & kounsils appointed bi the king was alwaes a sore point.
Lokal folks had a long histree av lokal guvt that em hav a vois in.
Em mostlee ignore Brit laws em dont like & get awae with it kauz England
mostlee ignored the kolonees.
Theer was a werking relashunship...England kontrol forin affaers:
trade, war & pees. The kolonees kontrol lokal guvt. Amerikans was mostly
satisfied with this. England was not. Brit guvt was aristotik:
It order & kommand & spekt evreewon tu jump at wons. Now it tri
this in Amerika. Nowon happy. It led tu the revolushunary war.
From the Amerikan vyu, it was NOT tu get freedum, it was tu KEEP freedum.
**** Judj
1 stikee point was judjes...all appointed bi the king &
"serv at his pleshur" That meen king kan fire NE judj NE-time him want.
1760 king JorJ 2 die.
That meen all judjes automatik lost theer job. Amerikans did not hav NE
sae or influens with judjes. Dont hav jury triel wen kase is bout a
Brit law. The judj deside. Oenlee a rich man kan afford tu gotu
London tu tri appeel vertik. King Jorj 3 appoint nu Judjes.
But many kolonees fite bak, tri tu get around it or get sum lokal
sae so. Zampel: Nu York rufuzed tu pae nu judjes. North Karolina
went several yeers without NE judjes rather than aksept the Kings man.
But England was stronger & in time foers its wae over lokal objekshuns.
**** "writs av Assistans"
This is a blank-chek serch warrent royal judjes kan issue.
NE-1 the king faver kan get 1 & abuse it. Yuze it tu arrest rivals.
**** Freedum
Amerikans was yuzed tu more freedum than Englishmen. No press
gangs, no fuedalism, no tithes, no state cherch. Amerika dropped
many tradishuns, xtra so bout royaltee.
1735 Zenger trial konfirmed free speech. Defens argued the novel idea
that truth kant be libel...& won. This freedum was tu be essential
in the yeers leeding up tu 1776.
Evreewon was free tu muve on (vote with yer feet) if him dont
like the lokal guvt, him kan muve elsweer. This keep guvt lite:
opress em & em run awae.
Theer was not neer as much klass distinkshuns in Amerika, and
wot theer was was based on admire sumwons sukses & wanna duit 2.
**** Fronteer
The fronteer was the favorit plaes tu run tu wen run from law,
or debts, or in-laws, or just plaen fed-up. This was a fakt av life
in Amerika.
Wen French & Indian war end, many thank the indian danjer in the
west look better. Thus, many more see the west as land av oppurtunity.
Many men av munee see chans tu make more munee bi develop the west.
The fronteer was emptee sept for injuns & a fyu fur traders.
Amerika in 1763
Bout 1.5 milyun, but 1/3 was blak slaves. Biggest town=Filly:18,766.
Boston had bout 17,000. Nu England was most demokratik in the sens that
almost all adult males kood vote (no slaves). Developed area still mostly
a band along the koest, 50-100 miles deep. With farms & towns deeper up
the rivers, and skattered towns heer & theer. Still lotta emptee land
neer the koest in the Karolinas & Jorjya. Folks just starting tu muve
intu the Peedmont (west av the fall line). Isolated pokkets such as the
Shenadoa Vallee. The Allegaenee Mountins was praktikal limit av Sivilizashun.
95% was farmers, but 90% av the land was still forest.
*** taxes
Most Brit taxes was on trade: inport & export...tubak & tee & all els.
Amerikans avoid most av it bi smuggel around the port tax man. All duit.
Even Brit ship kumpanees. NE-1 kot was tried in lokal korts & oft kan get
a jury. Most got off free or lite. England desided tu krak down.
The hart av the problem is England borroed tu the hilt tu pae for the war.
Her needed taxes tu pae off the debt. Her desided the kolonees shood
"pae theer share".
*** leeders
Many nu Amerikan leeders rose after 1763. Most bi oppose sum Brit law/tax.
Zampel: Patrik Henree & Tom Jeffersun oppose the "2-penee" akt
(a tax on tubak exports).
step 1 tu revolt...1760-1765
****** England deep in debt
England oe 136,000,000 pounds...bak-braking lode bak then.
Guvt kloes tu bankrupt. Gotta raes taxes. King Jorj 3 & his guvt
men reesun...kolonees get a lotta "benefits" from the viktree over
Frans, so em shood be happy tu pae sum av the kost. England now
hav 6,000 soldyers in North Amerika. Kolonees shood pae for that.
England thot kolonees shood be "grateful dotters". England was
ruled bi aristokrats & sumhow thot Kolonees was the same.
No English king had ever ben tu Amerika & same true for almost
evreewon in the guvt. Em hav no idea wot it is like theer.
Amerika thank different. First, the danjer is past, so dont
need English soldyers. Send em bak tu England. Amerika Loeth
standing army as thret tu liberty.
**** Brit krak down
1760: Brit prime minister, Will Pen deside tu enfoers the shugar akt:
a tax on molasses...a kee step in the 3-wae trade with the West Indees.
Boston: royal kustums man appli tu kort for a "writ" that let him
serch homes NE-time & NE-weer. This skare evree offis holder in
Amerika.
1761:James Otis, the kings advokat jenral (lawyer) rezined rather than
argu the kase. Insted, him fite it in kort.
1762:English guvt post 10,000 soldyers tu Amerika permanent...tu stae
forever. i.e. a standing army...look like okkupashun army.
Yu mite thank em wood gotu the fronteer tu watch the indians.
Nope, em was posted tu towns along the Atlantik koest.
1763: Oktober...King proklame nu polasee bout the west fronteer:
No kolony kan grant land & no man kan aksept land west av the
Allegany Mountins. Kings ministers sae this meen nowon get tu
migrate tu Kanada or Florida Kauz "guvt kant kontrol em theer".
1764: England pass the Shugar akt tu replaes the Molasses akt av 1733.
It impose nu taxes & kut the molasses tax in half. England thot
this is good. Amerika look at it different. It look like England
gonna tri tu kollekt the molasses tax. Evreewon yuzed tu get around
it & pae littel or nuthang.
Many follo Otis & objekt tu the rite av England tu impose taxes
on Amerika kauz Amerika dont hav NE input tu the guvt in England.
1764: Revenu akt was mostlee a tax on imported goods.
22 Nov...Harvard vote tu boykot imported liquer taxed bi this nu tax.
Nu England rum made from molasses & lokals hav alwaes got around
the molasses tax, thus in effekt, no tax on lokal rum.
**** Stamp akt
22 Mar 1765: first tax not based on trade.
It taxed paper thangs...nuzpapers, kort dokuments, dipolamas, lisens.
NE legal paperwerk gotta pae tax or it not legal.
If yu wanna donate munee tu a kolleej, yu gotta pae the tax.
If yu get appointed tu guvt offis, yu gotta pae a fee (tax).
All paperwerk had tu be on a speshal "embossed" paper with the krown
the oenlee supplier. This made it an eezee target for protesters.
This tax was aemed at the richer folks...big mistake. The
"sons av libertee" sprouted up tu fite the stamp akt in evree
kolonee. Mobs atak guvners & stamp ajents. Many ajents rezine.
Akt ofishally started on 1 Nov. That dae a mob in Nu York chaesed
Lu guvner Kolden hu flee tu a Brit warship. Mob then berned 1 av
his houses. Similar selectiv mobs in many seeports.
Patrik Henree gave a faemus speech bout "Seesar had his Brutus,
Charles his Kromwell". Virjinya assemblee passed "resolves" that
sed the oenlee power tu tax is with folks in the kolony.
This is open defi Brit guvt. Sum kall it treesun.
Okt 1765: Stamp Akt Kongres meet in Nu York
9 kolonees kum=first step tuward joint (yunited) akshun.
This kongres pass a resolv that ask Brit parliament tu repeel
the stamp akt.(Okt 1765).
Amerika org a boykot av Brit goods. This hit biz in England.
Brit merchants petishun parliament tu repeel the stamp akt.
March 1766: Brits repeel the stamp akt.
step 2 tu revolt...1766-1773
Brit guvt was split intu many fakshuns. The guvt oft "fall"
=luze vote av "konfidens". That meen the prime minister & his
freends rezine. Then the king gotta ask sumwon els tu hed a nu guvt.
Aug 1766, the Rokkingham guvt fall & king kall bak Will Pit tu form guvt.
But him got sik & Duke av Grafton (Charles Townsend) take the job.
Townsend is the munee man ("chancellor av the exchequer" in Brit).
Part av his job was taxes. Him thot up the faemus tee tax.
Jun 1767: Townsend akt...Townsend push thru nu taxes on imports & exports.
Him thot Amerika fited "internal tax" so him make nu "external tax".
But its a nu tax made without NE Amerikan input. It ignore the hole
point av the protests.
Nuther portant point...tax take tu pae wages av guvners & judjes
in Amerika. That replaes lokal pae & kill the influens lokals kan
hav on guvner & judjes.
It also tri tu reform the kustoms brass that kollekt taxes.
Most kustom ajents in Brit hired substitues tu gotu kolonee & du the
werk. The 2 split the pae. The half pae the man in Amerika get
not nuff tu liv on. So him depend on lokal graft tu survive.
English bring in Skots that R yuzed tu half pae in England. Brits
org th Boston offis tu du all kustons in Amerika. NE disputes
gotu Navy korts wich go bi Brit rules, no lokal input. Kustoms
werkers now get paed from the taxes em kollekt. From a tax
standpoint, it werked...England raked in lotta loot from it.
Sam Adams (Mass) rote a repli tu parliament. He sed "humbel,
dutiful, & loyal petition" insted av his yuzeyual firebrand stile.
But Towsend push Brit kolonee sekratary tu order Mass assembly tu
take bak the letter or the royal guvner will dissolv the assembly.
Assembly vote 92-17 tu support Adams.
Jun 1768: Brit kustum "ofishals" tri tu seez Jon Hankok's sloop Liberty.
Frame up with fawls charj av smuggel (dont pae import tax).
Hankok was a rich Boston merchant & a big supporter av the
"Suns av liberty". Boston mob reskue Hankok.
Okt 1768: Brits muve 2 regiments av soldyers from Haifax tu Boston.
Boston refuze tu supply and "quarter" em (giv up yer hous so soldyers
liv in it insted. Military kommander gotta pae for room & bord.
Lokals jeer Brit soldyers. Evreewon tens but no reel fites.
But the soldyers kant enfors the kustom taxes.
Fronteer...land spekyulaters
1768 Brit indian man made treetees with indians that reafirm the land
west av the mountins is theers. Many portant men in the kolonees
such as Jorj Washington organize & xplore land in Penns-land west av
the "demarkashun line". All tri tu find the good stuff b4 sumwon els
get it. Jorj was small fri kompared tu several big kumpanees. Biggest=
Walpole kump. Ben Franklin was 1 av its stokholders & lobby for it.
Walpole was a brit politishun hu got a free share as a bribe.
kumpanee pae the king a 10,000 pound bribe (lotta munee bak then).
all hope the line is temp & the west will soon be open.
boykot
("nonimportation" in krat speek)
1768-1770
Radikal agitaters tri a nu taktik...boykot English imports. Idea
is tu hit the Brits in theer pokketbook & maby em chaenj. Imports drop
50% in Boston & Filly; 83% in Nu York for a wile, but the south import
more (Virjinya, Maryland, & karolinas). It didnt hert London merchants
kauz em had plentee av other kustomers in Yerrop & other kolonees.
April 1770: Brits kill all but the tee tax.
***
1770 Lord North bekum Brit prime minister. Jorj has ben king 10 yeers now.
Him thank him got the hang av politiks & kan run thangs direkt. Him
bribe parliament members as much as others bribe him. Him bekame the
in-fakt ("defakto" in krat speek) hed av the Whig party. Him bi all
him kan: Lord North. Aft 2-3 yeers, sum Brit leeders wise up &
oppose the king=support the kolonees.
5 March 1770
King deside tu repeel most av the Townsend akt, but insist on keep the
tee tax as a simbel that Brit guvt is supreem. This kill the boykot.
Boston Masaker...5 March 1770
Brit soldyers werking parttime as strikebrakers: A mod taunt em.
Soldyers shoot intu krowd & kill 1 blak freeman. Later, mob form.
Thro sno balls at Brit sentree at kustom hous. Him kall out other
gards. Mob keep it up. Soldyers shoot intu krowd. 3 die then,
2 more die later. This make grate propaganda for the radikals.
*** Korrespondens Kommittees
1771 Sam Adams make a "korrespondens Kommittee", with members in all
towns as a wae tu keep the radikals in tuch & a wae tu get tugether
if sumthang portant happen.
*** Gaspee affair...9 June 1772
Brit kustom ship "Gaspee" (armed skuener) ran aground neer
Providens, Rode Ieland as it chase a smuggler. That nite a lotta
men get on boet & take over. Em beet up kaptin & kru, & bern the
ship. Brit Navy was redee tu kill NE-1 it kan katch.
Lokal Brit big wigs threten tu take NE-1 em katch tu England for
trial. King Jorj 3 form a royal kommittee. Him boiling mad.
This was a direkt thret tu all radikals. It kauzed the Virjinya
hous tu start theer korrespondens kommittee. Bi 1774,
12 kolonees hav such kommittees.
Boston Tee Party 1773
1768-1772, the kolonees paed tax on 1,866,615 pounds av tee.
1773: Theer was 17,000,000 pounds av tee in Brit wareshouses...em kant
sell it in Amerika kauz smuggeled tee is cheeper (no tax).
Tee from India gotu London first, then transfer tu Amerika.
This is guvt-mandated monopoly.
1773 Brit guvt agree tu speshal deel for India tee kumpanee.
India kumpanee will pae the tee tax but get tu ship tee direktlee
tu Amerika. This kut theer kost nuff tu underkut the smugglers.
Brits get theer tax & Amerikans kan bi cheeper tee. Evreewon
gotta be happy. RONG. It threten the liveleehood av merchants.
Small shippers kant kompeet with jiant, guvt-bakked kumpanee.
Des 1773: first such direkt ship tee get tu Amerika.
Suns av liberty pressure several ports & get ship masters tu refuze
tu dok tu unlode kargo.
16 Des 1773: Sam Adam's "Mohawks" (men dressed as indians) get on
3 ships & dump 342 chests av tee intu the harber.
***** Brit guvt punish Boston
Brit guvt kall that "distrukshun av propertee". Brit guvt
deside tu punish Boston. King Jorj 3 order the port shut down.
Send more troops tu Boston & quarter em in folk's houses no matter
how much em hate that. From now on, King appoint the upper hous
av the Mass assembly. Towns in Amerika kan oenlee hav 1 town meet
per yeer. NE-1 charjed with krime related tu riots or taxes gotta
be tried in England.
Brits emplement this with 4 "Koersiv akts". Amerika kall em the
Intolerabel akts.
step 3 tu revolt...1774-1775
17 Mae 1774: Jenral Tom Gage get tu Boston tu kommand the Brit troops theer.
1774 Mae & June: Parliament pass the "Coersiv" or "Intolerabel" akts.
This is a direkt challenj, tu see hu hav the reel power.
It sae "we hav the power", obae or us skru yu.
1. Boston port akt...blok port til boston pae for the tee em dumped
& the king deside the kolonee is peesabel. Effektiv on 1 June.
2. Mass guvt & admin akt...maen chaenj=royal guvner appoint the
upper hous av Mass assemblee.
King appoint all judjes, sherif, lawmen, klerks, ets.
3. Quarter akt...royal guvners kan take houses & put trueps in em.
Brits send a navy squadron & 3 more regiments tu Boston.
Brit Jenral Tom Gage appointed guvner av Mass Bae.
Bi yeer end, all av Massachuchuts outside boston was in rebel hands.
24 Mae 1774...Virjinya pass "resolv" sae military okkupi=invade.
Guvner Dunmore dissolv Virjinya assemblee.
22 June 1774: Quebek Akt...muve Kanada boundree south: all av
Grate Lakes is in Kanada. & part av Ohio & Illinois.
It aslo reknized French & Kathliks as ofishal tung & relijun.
**** kontinental kongres (Sept 1774)
1774 Kontinental Kongres 1...5 Sept 1774...12 Kolonees meet in Filly.
Jon Adams & Tom Jefferson proposed "dominion"...like Brit Kommonwelth
that kame much later. In 1778, Lord North proposed tu aksept it,
but that was 2 late.
Mass put tugether its outlaw state guvt which then pass the
"Suffolk Resolvs". Thees exsite the kontinental kongress which
adopt em for all.
Kongres issued a "Deklare Rites"...list av English Libertees.
1774-75: Ben Franklin in England tri tu find kompromise with Brits.
Brits fire him from job as postmaster in the kolonees. Then Brits
tri tu bribe him. That was it for Ben, him kum home in disgust.
1775
30 March 1775: Brit "Restraining Akt" Nu England kan oenlee trade with
England...kant trade with NE kolony or other kuntree.
Also forbid em from fish off Nufoundland.
***** Paul Revere & minutmen
18 Apr1775: Jenral Gage send troops tu Konkord under Majer Pitkaern tu
arrest Sam Adams & Jon Hankok & take awae guns & ammo & powder.
(2 lites in cherh tower=bi water) leev bout 10pm.
Go bi boet tu Charlestown, then bi rode tu Lexington, then Konkord.
18-19 Apr: Paul Revere ride hoers tu warn minutmen the Brits R kummin.
Dawes katch up with him at Lexington. Sam Preskot join em on rode tu
Konkord. Brit soldyers see em & em skatter intu the feelds.
Brit soldyers ben up all nite. At Menotomy, outriders sed rebels
are awake, so Majer Pitkaern send bak rider tu ask for more troops.
Erlee on 19 Apr at Lexington meet small gruep av minutmen.
Exchange shots. 8 minutmen ded. Brits go on tu Konkord.
Take the guns & powder. Then march bak tu Boston. But on
wae bak, minutmen in 1's & 2's fire at em from woods along rode.
Adams & Hankok was warned & flee, so Brits koodnt arrest em.
Bout 1730 Brit soldyers fite that dae. Bout 4,000 minutmen.
Brits: 73 killed, 26 missing, 174 hert.
lokals: 49 ded, 5 missing, 41 hert.
That was the "shot herd round the werld"...start av reel war.
And start av the seej av Boston...rebels kontrol all land neerbi.
10 Mae 1775... Continental Kongres 2: made itself intu Amerikan kongres.
It ordered a naeshunal Army & Navy, and named Jorj Washington as hed av army.
***** Tikonderoga
10 Mae 1775: Ethan Allen with 83 men sprize Brits with 40 men & take the fort.
It had 60 (kannon or mortars). Rebels later drag em tu Boston.
***** Boston
25 Mae 1775: Brit jenral Will Howe kum tu Boston (outrank Gage)
Howe was a big jenral at the fite that took Quebek (1759)
Also bring Henree Klinton & Jon Burgoyn.
Admiral Richard Howe join em later.
June 1775: Brits at Boston now hav 10,000 soldyers.
12 June: Jenral Gage promis tu pardon most hu kum in & giv up arms,
but not leeders.
***** Bunker Hill, June 1775
16-17 June: rebels fortifi (dig trenches) on Breeds hill (Bunker hill).
on small land thumb that projekt out intu harber=Charlestown.
The base is lo & narro, so sumwon kood eezee trap em out theer.
Bout 1,200 men, led bi jenral Putnam. Most trenches was on Breeds
hill=kloeser tu the water. Wen em started, men did NOT hav power or
shot. Got nuff led from a cherch in Kambridj for 1 pound/man. But
then had tu melt it, pore intu molds tu make balls.
Brits see the digging & deside tu atak. Klinton propose tu land
at the nek & kut em off=good idea. But em wanna akt at wons, & the
time is rong tu land theer (tide rong).
Brits start landing men at 1 pm at Mouttons Point. Hav 2,500 men
wen the fite start. Put half in Charlestown. Amerikans put sum men
in the town tu harras em. Wen brit ground kommander redee tu atak,
him order artillery fire. Diskuver hav balls 2 big tu fit the kannon
em brot. Navy ships bombard Charlestown with "hot shot" tu bern down
the town.
Wen the Brit troops approech, Israel Putname yell "dont fire til
yu see the wites av theer ies". But kernel Stark rush out and put
stake out 40 yards & tell the men tu yuze that.
Brits atak in standard Yerropeon form: tite roes av men kloes
tugether lined up neet. Brits atak kross open feelds, going uphill,
ginst men in trenches & behind rok walls. Wen kloes, the lite
lite infantree & Welsh Fusiliers run.
Vollys av musket fire kut holes in the neet red Brit ranks.
But em keep kummen. Jenral Howe keep reforming em & make shuer
em keep ataking.
Brits ataked Breed's hill, so all the fiting was theer. Rebels
had bout 500 men behind em on Bunker hill, but em refuze tu muve
forward tu join the fite. And all dae, forward trenches luze men
tu deserters...men yu drift awae.
Brits bring in 400 mareens. Charj with evree man em kan get.
Sum Amerikans run outta powder, so less men fall. Sum Brit soldyers
make it intu the trenches. Defenders flee. Go thru Bunker hill &
never slo down.
Brits win the fite, but it kost 2 much. 226 ded, 1000 hert.
Amerikans luze 140 killed, most in the mad rush tu flee.
*** Washington gotu Boston
2 July 1775: Washington get tu Boston area & take over. Maen job is: tern
rabbel intu army. & duit evree yeer. Lokals enlist for 1 yeer.
Almost nowon reenlist, so gotta traen nu troops evree yeer.
*** Fronteer...Sum "long hunters" such as Danyel Boon hunt game in Kentuk,
west av the Aleganee mountins. Shawnee indians liv theer & fite all.
Virjinya guvner Dunmore kall out the militia & send 1500 tu Kentuky.
Militia fite Shawnee & win. Shawnee seed Kentuk tu Virjinya.
(guvner dunmore's war).
*** Kanada
First, kongres tri talk Kanada tu join revolt...now wae.
Then tri organize atak foers tu go north from Nu York. Hav plenty
hu want tu leed a army: Etan Allen, Benedikt Arnold, Filip Schuyler,
& 1 man hu akt waftothers sit around all summer.
28 Aug 1775: Jenral Montgomery with 1000 Nu Englanders go up Hudsun,
Lake Champlaen, & take Montreal on 12 Nov 1775. At same time,
Ethan Allen wanted tu join Montgomery, but his men fired him & dont
du nuthun ("Green Mountin Boys").
05 Sep 1775: Montgomery get tu Brit Ft Jon on Richeliue River.
Put sum Kanada rebels under Allen. Him go tu Montreal with 100 men.
Brits in fort at Montreal send out 250 soldyers. Allen's men run awae.
03 Nov 1775: Ft Jon surrender tu Montgomery.
13 Nov 1775: Montgomery take Montreal, but kommander=Gi Karleton slip awae.
25 Sep: Washington giv Benedikt Arnold 1000 men from the Boston troops.
Arnold march overland up Kennebek River in Maen intu Kanada, eest
av Quebek. Ran outta food & theer boets fell apart.
09 Nov: Arnold reech the St Lawrens River. Then gotu Quebek:
350 miles in 45 daes on foot. 600 men make it (others quit).
Brit soldyers all konverjed on Quebek over last 2 months: 1,200 men.
13 Nov 1775: Arnold is on the Plaens av Abraham, the gate tu Quebek.
Brit frigut kum upriver, get behind him, so him retreet.
02 Des 1775: Montgomery join Arnold with 300 men. Bring supplies.
Arnolds men was in very bad shape: barefoot, klothes falling apart,
littel food. Thangs dont look good: Brits holed up inside strong
fort. Amerikans dont hav NE kannon, oenlee hav wot em kood karry.
Ground is froze & sno-kuvered. Soon be so kold, gotta stae inside.
Brits hav bout 1,800 men in Quebek. Amerikan militia enlist end at
end av yeer. Smallpox brake out.
31 Des 1775: atak Quebek in a blizzard. Arnold make it intu the loer town.
Most av Montgomery's men got konfuzed & lost in the storm.
Montgomery & most av men with him die from Brit gunfire.
Karleton send troops out hu surrond & kapture sum av Arnold's men.
Wotz left stae & seez Quebek til spring wen Brit ships kum.
Then em retreet south.
*** Flag
03 Des 1775: Lu Jon Paul Jones raesed the first ofishal Amerikan flag on
Komodore Hopkin's ship the Alfred. Had 13 stripes for the kolonees
but had the Brit yuenyun jak. Stars & stripes kame in June 1777.
*** England
23 Aug: King Jorj 3 sae the kolonees rebel.
22 Des: Brit parliament prohibit all trade, & all ships free tu take.
& Brit Navy free tu grab NE-1 & foers em tu be Brit saelers.
Des 1775: Brits okkupi Norfolk, Virjinya. Rebels bern it down. But most
blame guvner Dunmore & the Torees (loyalists).
1776...Revolt=deklare independent
A pamflet kalled "Kommon Sens" bi Tom Paen made so much sens, it konvins
many tu rebel. Maen point: oenlee independens will garantee libertee.
**** England, Jan 1776
England parliament vote tu raes 55,000 man army tu send tu Amerika.
Maen army rekruiters=press gangs, judjes, & bartenders. Not nuff.
Brits gotta hire mersenarys from miner Jerman states...eventually
hire 30,000=more than half the soldyers. So many kum from the small
state av Hesse-Kassel, all kalled Hessians. England pae Hesse
500,000$/yeer+soldyer's pae+ xtra munee tu wuended & killed.
werth more ded than alive. hesshuns bekame 1 av England's biggest
blunders. Wen Amerika get speereeans with wot Hesshuns du tu em,
eech Hesshun make 100 patriots from population that was formerly
nuetral.
Jan 1776: Jorj Sakvil (konvikted av be koward in 1759) bekum Lord
Jorj German & king Jorj 3 make him "sekratary av state for the Amerikan Kolonees".
**** Boston, Jan 1776
Jan 1776: Howe replaes Gage in Boston. Washington seeg Brit army in Boston.
Many militia go home in Desember & Jan as theer enlist end (8 months).
Washington hav bout 10,500 men. Nu farmboys replaes em hu go home.
18 Jan 1776: Henree Nox get tu Franmingham, Mass with the artilry from
Tikondoroga: 59 kannon & mortors.
"flaming argument at Falmouth"...Falmouth Maen (later Portland).
Kaptin Mowatt on Brit warship shot hot shells intu town & it bern down.
2-3 March: put big kannon on Dorchester Hites.
17 Mar 1776: How & Army +1000 tores leev Boston, sael for Nantasket,
then gotu Halifax.
**** Frans
Mae 1776: Karon de Beaumarchais in Frans start a dummy trading kumpanee
tu help suppli the rebels. It suppli perhaps 75% av the gunpowder
the rebels get.
**** South
More torees in the south, so Brits deside tu send troops theer.
Henree Klinton hed Brit army. Fleet under Admiral Charles Kornwallis.
Brits organize Skots in west part av the karolinas & em march eest.
27 Feb 1776: Moor's Kreek Bridj: 1,000 militia ginst 1,500 Skots.
Skotmen start tu go kross bridj hit bi fire, then rebels atak &
skatter the skots. North Karolina staed free for now.
Brit fleet gotu Charlestown, SK which hav a lotta torrees.
12 Jun 1776: Virjinya nu Assemblee pass theer Bill av rites.
**** Charleston
Washington send Charles Lee tu Charleston tu organize the rebels.
Men kum from Virjinya & Karolinas...bout 6,000
Kernel Moultree bild a fort on Sullivan Ieland, north side av harber.
Yuze palm trunks tu hold in dirt walls 16 ft thik.
04 Jun 1776: Brit fleet get theer.
09 Jun 1776: Klinton get 500 men ashore. Lee send 800 men tu Sullivan Ieland.
Then klinton put 2,000 men on Long Ieland.
Brit fleet take 2 weeks tu get theer gunships kross a sand bar.
28 Jun 1776: Brit fleet start shelling the fort. Brit troops tri tu go
kross the shalloes tween long Ieland & Sullivan Ieland & hav hard time.
Water 2 deep in spots so kant walk & not deep nuff in other spots
so boets get stuk. Fite bekum kannon duel tween ships & the fort.
That nite, the Brits muve theer ships outta raenj=em luze.
**** Virjinya
29 Jun 1776...Virjinya deklare it is a independent kommonwelth...a state.
Deklar independent...4 July 1776
Kontinental kongres in Filly (Karpenters Hall)
7 Jun 1776: Richard H Lee av Virjinya muved for a vote on independens.
vote posponed bekaus some delegates wanted tu get appruved bi folks
bak home.
9 Jun: kongress made a kommittee av 5 tu rite the dokument.
Tom Jeffersun rote most av it with rerite bi Ben Franklin.
Jeffersun's first draft freed all slaves. South objekted.
28 Jun: dokument gotu full kongress. Em erase a bitter atak on King Jorj.
long debate led tu miner changes.
4 July 1776: Kongres apruve the Deklare Independens.
56 delagates sine for 13 states.
Then print kopees & sent em tu all states & the army.
It was red tu the publik in Filly on 8 July.
The preambel hav werds that liv forever (bi Jeffersun):
We hold thees truths tu be self evident: All R equal,
all R endowed bi theer maker with permanent rites;
mung thees R Life, Liberty, and rite tu seek tu be happy
(chase happiness).
Revolushun war 1776-1781
("war av Independence" in krat speek)
Bakground...The war was NOT popular in Amerika. Torees (loyalists) outnumber
patriots (rebels). Even the most flaming rebels hisitated tu fite.
Many feel foersed tu. Many rebels felt it was fite or be a slave
tu England. Many areas with littel speereeans with brits was nuetral
or dont kare. Later, many areas chaenjed theer mind after em meet
brit or Hesshuns in akshun.
In Amerika the militia provided fiting men as needed: farmers
hu rally in time av danjer, then go home. Theer was no
"professhunal" army like the Brit army. Many states (former kolonees)
restrikted the militia tu oenlee fite in theer state. Wen kalled,
militia stae a limited time; most kommon= 3 months. It was kommon
for militia men tu get off at harvest time tu bring in the krops.
Militia was volunteers. Miths arose bout it. The militia beet the
Brits at Konkord & Bunker (Breeds) Hill. Sum under good leeders did
amazing feets. This leed tu ledjun: we dont need "profeshunal" army.
Kan alwaes get volunteers. But em was fikkel. Oft ran wen Brits
fire first vollee. Many men did NOT hav NE speereens at fite war,
tho a fyu had fited indians.
Wen we get a army, it was all volunteers (no draft). Wen em get
tired or diskerajed or fed up, many fade awae...deserters was rampant.
Most fiting was in the kolonees, on home ground. Wen the Brits kum,
the militia got kalled out & suppli most av the armed men. In time,
Washington bild an Amerikan army that kan fite the brits toe-tu-toe
and win half the time...good nuff konsidering his army was smaller.
All spekted a short war. Most rebels sed it wood be over in 1 yeer.
Brit brass sed em wood win in 6 months. Didnt happen. War go on & on.
Many got diskerajed. Both sides hardened & dig in heels. In 1778,
Frans join the war ginst England, but it took 3 yeers tu see results.
Amerika's goel was tu hold off the Brits til em get tired & quit.
This took 6 yeers fiting + 2 yeers av talk.
Getting solkyers was a problem...no draft. Kongress dred a standng army,
so enlistments was short...1 yeer. Washington wanted army enlistment tu be
til the war end. Kongress tried it, but not nuff men kum forward.
Kongress foersed tu go bak tu 1 yeer. No sane man want the army life.
Kondishuns was oft deplorabel...no food, klothes, shues. Oft short av
guns & ammo. In winter kamps so primativ, many freezed tu deth.
The 13 states had bout 2.5 milyun folks. Biggest Washington's army
ever was= bout 20,000...tiny kompared tu populashun. Brits had bout
7 milyun folks, & also had hard time get soldyers. Em yuzed press gangs
tu round up poor folks. Stil not nuff. Had max av 35,000 Brit soldyers
in Amerika during the war. So bad, Brit hire Jerman mersunarees:
"hesshuns". But Brits had a kore with much speerans in the many wars
over the last 20 yeers.
Amerika did NOT hav NE industree...Brits prohibit it so kolony
wont kompeet with England. Did hav plentee av muskets at first.
Almost evree man had a gun or rifel. But was alwaes short av powder.
Depend on kaptured Brit kannon & powder first 2 yeers. On the
fronteer, the rifel was bekumming kommon. Last 2 yeers av fite was
mostly in the south. Theer the rifel made the differens & deside
the war.
finans, logistiks, revolv war
Wen the army was hungree such as Valee Forj, it was not lak av
food neerbi. It was kauz farmers & merchans did not suppli stuf in
in xchaenj for Kontinental chits. Brit army in Filly liv in hi &
grand stile. Em pae in hard koin. No shortaej av food, wine, wemen,
& song. Armees in Yerrop took wot em want from the land em go thru
or okkupi. This left merchants tu tri tu kollekt from a guvt after
the war if em kan. Kant duit in Amerika. All fiting is in Amerika.
The idea behind the war was freedum, so army gotta tri tu du it legit.
Theer was also kommon mismanaej, selfless bums (krooks), and lak av
roeds that add tu problems.
Wen Nat Green bekame quartermaster (1778), thangs got gooder. From
1778 army had food, but not klothes. Soldyers weer wotever kolthes em
had wen em join. Kloth was made at home bi hand...take much laber.
Not praktikal tu make more kloth. Fansee kloth was imported=kant get
it now.
Brits kontroled the see. If yu ship sumthang very far, it go bi ship.
No more. Gotta muve stuf bi roed in wagons. Roeds in horrabel shape.
Very hard for 1 state tu send supplies tu another. Army mostlee make
du with wot it find neer at hand.
***** munee
Kongress finansed the war with paper munee. Suen it was kalled
" not werth a kontinental". Later, kost more tu print dollar than
it was werth. Guvt printed 241.5 milyun$ & states 210 milyun $.
Kongres borroed 20 milyun at home. Frans lones us 6.4 milyun $.
But us spend most av that spend in Frans for war supplies.
1781: Robert Morris, the cheef munee man started the Bank av North Amerika.
with 200,000$ gold from Frans.
forin volunteers
Theer was skads av outta werk Yerropeon military Offisers willing tu
kum tu Amerika & leed armees. Kongress send em tu Washington. But
Amerikan men wont take orders from most av dem dam feriners. Most end up
on Washington's staff & tell him the army is hopeless & Washington is not
fit tu leed a squad. But theers alwaes xsepshuns.
The Marquis Lafayet from Frans did leed Amerikan armees. At Yorktown,
him leed half the men on the battelfeeld. Lafayet was yung, rich, &
idealistik. Him bi a ship & kum over in 1777 in hopes av glory.
A Major-Jenral at 19 (Same rank as Washington).
Chevalier Duportial, French engineer bilt forts & teeched us how tu.
Baron von Stueben, 47 yr old Prussian drilled the soldyers in the prusshun wae.
His soldyers looked so good on the drill feeld, all others kopeed him.
Washington made him the cheef inspekter. He made a nu yunit...Batalyun
av bout 200 men. First yuzed at Monmouth. From then on, the Amerikan army
was equal tu the Brit Army.
***** wepons
Stueben found soldyers had wotever em brot from home. Him standarized
on the musket...3/4 inch hole, smooth bore. Speereeansed men kan fire
2 or 3 balls/minut. But gotta stop aft 10 tu chek the hole & let
barrel kuel. Loed the ball & wad & powder & fire was a komplex seerees
av steps. Drill impruved the speed av fire. Amerikans did not no wot
a bayonet was til Stueben sho em.
Rifel was favorit on the fronteer...more akkurate & more raenj.
But heveeer & sloer tu loed. At first rifelmen was skouts & on the flanks
Yuzeyually hid in trees, & beyond musket raenj.
The eleet was the "lite infantreeman". Em was yung, robust, & karried
liter loed. Lafayet make his reputashun with 2000 lite infantree.
Jenral Nox ran the artilree. Kannon was iron or brass muzzel-loeded.
Basikally a supersized musket. Max size was wot men (not hoers) kood pull
over roeds (& thru mud). Size was in "pounds"...the suppozed wate av
av iron ball that fit the barrel. 12 pound was standard if yu kan get it.
Kannon start fire at 400 yards with grape-shot. Wen attak a fort or
entrenched army, yuze howitzers or mortars...shuet balls hi up in the aer.
Kalvary was not. 2 many trees for kalvary. In the south em yuzed
wot was later kalled "dragoons"...mounted infantree. Yu ride hoers til find
enemee, then get off & fite like infantree. Very effektiv in the Karolinas.
Navy
Brittan rulled the sees. In 1776, her had 28 warships with 500 guns
& 4000 men in North Amerika. First job was blokaed tu strangel trade.
This was faerlee effektiv. During the war, Brittan okkupied most portant
ports along the Eest koest & thus kloesed em tu US trade.
The Brits kood shift troops bi ship much faster than we kood muve bi land.
The Brits muved & attaked as her pleez. We had tu defend as best we kood.
Kongres ofishally started the navy on 13 Okt 1775, but it kood oenlee
annoi the Brits.
War in the north, 1776-1778
Nu York hav 22,000 folk, sekond tu Filly. It was a majer port.
Brit hi kommand deside tu take the port, sity, then go up the Hudsun
River & split the kuntree in 2.
17 Mar 1776
Jenral How sael from Halifax tu Statin Ieland. His brother,
Admiral How kum from England with the Hesshuns. Henree Klinton
kum from Charlestown tu join up. Brits hav 32,000 man army= the
best troops Yerrop kan suppli with the best equipment on erth.
Fleet was the biggest England ever assembled: 10 "ships av the line"
20 frigates. Hav 1,200 guns. bout 200 kargo ships.
Army+Nayv kost 850,000 pounds=bak-braking lode on Brit kommon man.
Jorj Washington kum down from Boston & assembel 18,000 men,
probablee the max men him ever hav. Washington no how portant
Nu York is. Him put sum troops in several kee points.
Brits hav the advantange: kontrol the see & thus kan muve around
Go bi see is alwaes faster & cheeper than bi land. Nu York sitee
area hav many ielands, several rivers, & much koestline.
Brits first land 25,000 men on Staten Ieland.
Washington put a army in Brooklin (on Long Ieland) & tri tu seej
Brits like wot werked in Boston. But the area hav many waterwaes
and ielands. Eezee for Brits tu muve men weerever em want.
22 Aug 1776: How muve bout 20,000 men tu Long Ieland, behind Washington
(eest av him). Washington goofed & muved out tu fite the Brits on
26 Aug 1776: Washington goof & muve men out intu open feelds, weer
bigger Brit army hit em hed on. Jorj luze. Him had good defens in
trenches in hills that overlook south end av Manhattan.
Washington get out av bad danjer: him save the army bi skilful retreet.
Him muve army krost the river onto Manhattan Ieland. Quite a feet
konsidering Brits kontrol the see. But stil in bad danjer. Brits
kan land men NE-weer on Manhattan=behind him. Washington propose
tu bern the sity & exkape north. Bout 2/3 av folks in Nu York Sitee
was torres (loyalists). Kongres insist Washington tri tu keep the sitee.
Next, Brits land at Kips Bae neer south tip av Manhattan. Defenders
flee in pakik & dont fire 1 shot. Washington ride intu em & tri
tu rally em. Em keep runnin. Putnam had 4000 men at south tip
in danjer av get kut off. But How muve so slo, em exkape.
Brits land trueps on both sides av Manhattan. Washington hav
fiting retreet=barelee get awae without big loss.
21 Sep 1776: A fire (maby akseedent or not) did bern much av the sitee.
Brits okkupied Nu York Sitee for the rest av the war. With it as a base
em was free tu send army north, south, or west. Or kood muve men on ships
tu sum other port at will.
09 Okt 1776: Brit warships get past twin forts at Fort Lee & Washington
on both sides av the Hudson at north end av Manhattan. Washington
get outta Manhattan, gotu Wite Planes (Westchester).
28 Okt 1776: Brits atak Washington at Chatterloon Hill & foers Wash
tu retreet.
17 Nov 1776: Brits atak Ft Washington with 13,000 men & river gunboets.
Overweelm 3000 defenders. Then Kornwalis atak Ft Lee & Nathanel Green
get out as fast as him kan tu save the men.
Washington was now down tu 5,000 men in Nu Jersee. Lotta men dezert.
Many militia go home wen elistment end. Wahsington retreet kross
Nu Jersee.
Des 1776:
Jenral How put a lotta his army in ships & send em tu Nuport, Rode Ieland.
Then How chaes Washington kross Nu Jersee with part av his army.
Jenral Lee is at Basking Ridj, Nu Jersee. Washington send him many
letters that tell him tu kum join Washington. Lee dont duit.
13 Des 1776: 30 Brit Dragoons katch jenral Lee=take him prisuner.
Washington kollekt all boets for miles around tu kross the Delaware
intu Penns land. Brits get theer suen after & kant kross...no boets.
Jenral How wintered in Nu Jersee & terned em fron nuetrals tu rebels.
Half his troops=Jerman (heshuns) & em looted evreethang em kan lode on a
Wagon. Brits "quartered" troops in homes=take over, thro folks out, put
soldyers in theer home. Yu kan imajin how popular that was.
25 Des 1776:
Washington kross the Delaware at 7 pm dispite floeting ies. Next
morning his 2,500 men atak hesshuns in Trenton. Kompleet surprize.
900 hesshuns surrender. 25 Hesshuns ded, 90 hert. 2 freemen freez.
This keep Washington's army from melt awae.
Kornwalis put 5,500 Brits along Assumpink Kreek neer Trenton.
2 Jan 1777 Em atak Washington's pikkets along rigj eest av Trenton.
2-3 Jan 1777, Washington go around Kornwalis & atak Prinston (northeest).
Wash defeet a brit foers under Mawhood. Washington gotu Morristown.
Yuze as base. His men need a fyu daes rest B4 em kan fite sum more.
Kornwalis go bak tu his base at Nu Brunswik tu protekt his supplies
theer.
That winter, Hesshuns loot Nu Jersee & thus tern many a tory intu
patriots. Brits in Nu York was not as bad, but did term many intu
hate em.
Washington stae in Morristown 5 months. Army down tu 3,000 men.
Saratoga, 1776-77
Desember 1775, Benedikt Arnold led 600 men as part av attak on Quebek.
Him retreet south, harrased bi Kanada foers. Bi Summer 1776, is at
Lake Champlaen (tudae is on border tween Nu York & Vermont)
2 Nov 1776: Brit Kanada leeder & jenral Gi Karleton take Krown Point.
Brit Jenral Jon Burgoyn talk Brit top bras on stradajee: Hav army
in Nu York Sitee go north tu meen army kummin south from Kanada.
Take the Hudson River & the lakes=kut off Nu England. Smaller
foers under Kernel Barry Leger from Oswego (on Lake Ontario) go eest
tu Albany. Plenty av Indians join in the fun.
Jenral How hav 27,000 soldyers at NYS in spring 1777, but him
wanna take Filly. London order him tu send sum av his troops north
up the Hudson, but let him atak Filly 2. But How dont send NE troops
up the Hudson.
1 June 1777, Burgoyn start south with 4,000 Brit regulars, 3,000 Hesshuns,
1,000 Kanadian militia, & indians (8,000+). Also hav 138 guns &
big baggage traen kauz Burgoyn liv in stile. Him bring his mistress.
Hav sum wemen & girls along. All this xtra stuff is very hard & slo
tu muve. Most av the land is wild forest=no rodes or towns.
Thret av indians bring out the "Green Mountin Boys" in the fronteer
area that will be Vermont later on. Amerikans hav politikal problems.
Ranking Jenral in the area was Fil Schuyler at Albany. Nu Englanders
wont take orders from him. Shuyler was a Patroon with long histree
av argu with Nu Englanders over land boundrees. Nu Englanders hate
his guts.
4 Aug 1777: Kongress put Jenral Gates in kommand av this area.
Gates is a politishun, good at make self look good & talk others
intu wot him want.
Tikonderoga:
Amerikans hav 2,500 under Jenral Arthur St Klaer. Gates forbid him
from fortifi Shugar Loef Hill southwest av the fort. It look down
on the fort. Gates klaemed hill 2 steep for NE-1 tu go up it.
French put kannons on top av it.
6 July 1777: St Klare no it is hopeless & leev. Gotu Fort Edward.
Burgoyn chase him thru rugged hills & forests. Schuyler destroy
bridjes over the many streems & fell trees krost NE rodes.
29 July 1777: Burgoyn reech Fort Edward. 3 weeks tu go 23 miles.
Amerikans gotu Stillwater on the Hudsun.
Indians kill Jane McKree & make a ledjun & inflame the fronteer.
Out West: 3-22 Aug 1777
Kerner Leger with indians & loyalists march on Fort Stanwix out west.
Stanwix hav kernel Peter Ganesvoort with 750 men.
800 militia org under Nik Herkimer & go tu help the fort.
Lokal tory= Molly Brant tell Leger & him ambush Herkimer.
Willet leed sally from the fort ginst the Brit kamp outside.
That kauz loyaltist hu atak Herkimer tu run awae. Then Herkimer
also leev. Brits seeg the fort. Fort get skout out hu gotu Schyuler
tu ask for help. Benedikt Arnold leed 1,000 men west. Him pae
a half-wit tu gotu Brit kamp with wild tale bout how big Arnolds
foers is. This kauz the indians tu leev. St Leger go bak home.
Burgoyn
Burgoyn lo on food...hard tu bring supplies down thru wildernes.
Him send party intu Vermont tu look for food. Him thot em kood gotu
Konnetikut, grab stuff, & take it tu Albany in 2 weeks. Him send
kernel Baum with 375 Jerman dragoons (on foot), 300 Kanadians+indians.
Mountin men snipe at him, so him ask for more men. Kernel von Breyman
with 650 men kum.
04 Aug 1777: Kongres fire Schuyler, but him leed til 19 Aug wen Gates het theer.
All summer, Amerikan volunteers kum join the fite, so bi now hav
bout 7,000 men tu fite Burgoyn.
16 Aug: Green Mountin Boys under Stark atak Baum, kill him & kapture
most av his men. Then Breyman get theer. Stark atak him.
Breyman luze 230 men & retreet.
(Battel av Bennington)
Burgoyn lost bout 1,000 men in thees 2 side fites.
19 Aug: Jenral Gates get theer tu take over kommand. Vermont militia kum.
Washington send Morgans Rifels from Nu Jersee. Burgoyn now on Hudson.
Bemis Hites
12 Sep: Gate fortifi Bemis Hites (6 miles north av stillwater).
But did not put men on neerbi, hier hill at west end.
19 Sep: Burgoyn tell Reidesel tu atak eest end neer the Hudsun,
Burgoyn atak senter (Freemans Farm), & send Fraser tu the hi hill.
Arnold wanted tu atak from weer him was at the rite end, Gates sed no.
Gates want Brits tu atak him in preped defenses. Brit atak
at the senter push bak the lines sum. Then Gates let Arnold
send Morgans rifelmen & Deerborns Nu Hampshire men tu kounteratak
the senter. Morgan wipeout Frasers advans men & charj intu rest
av Frasers foers. Fraser hav more men & Morgan is in trubel.
Arnold atak & stop Fraser & find a week spot tween Fraser & Burgoyn.
Him thro in all the men him kan find, brake thru, & take Brit kannon.
Brits kounter atak & fite go bak & forth. "fite av Freemans Farm 1".
Fite ended in a draw, with both sides bout weer em started.
But Brits lost 600 men, Amerika: 300. For Burgoyn tu get his goel
(kut Amerika in 2), him gotta atak.
*** dae 2 (20 Sep)
Gates & Arnold fite, Gates fire Arnold & take over his troops.
Brits atak Amerikan left agin. Morgan is theer tu defend.
Then Arnold kum & take over & charj & brake the Brits. Sharpshueter
hit Fraser & his men fall apart. Arnold got hit in the leg.
Gates order him off the feeld. Fite peter out.
Dae 2 fite: Brits luze 600 men, Amerika 150. Next dae, Brits
retreet tu Saratoga.
*** Klinton
Klinton in Nu York promis tu help bi go north on the Hudson.
03 Okt 1777: Klinton atak Amerikan forts on the Hudsun.
Him send fleet upriver & it bern Kingston.
7 Okt: Burgoyn tri tu brake out (Freeman Farm 2). Arnold was theer & stop him.
11 Okt 1777: Gates bild trenches that surround Burgoyn.
17 Okt 1777: Burgoyn surrender on very speshal terms from Gates...Go bak tu England
& promis tu not fite us agin. Bout 5000 Brits surrender.
*** results av "Battel av Saratoga"
This was big Brit defeet with lotta politikal konsequenses.
It spured Kongres tu adopt the Artikels av Konfederashun.
Gates rote reports that make it look like him won Saratoga & others
was goofballs. Him get Kongres tu make him boss av "Bord av War"...
sumthang like later War dept or Defens dept.
*** internaeshunal
It led tu Frans agree tu help Amerika fite England.
12 Des 1777: Frans meet Amerikan kommisshun in Paris.
Feb 1778: Frans deklare war ginst England.
Later Spaen join war, then Holland, even Rushya.
Theer was a lotta kontroversee in Amerika wen the jenrals sen out
theer vershuns av wot happened at Saratoga, partikularly Gates &
Arnold. Bitter war av propaganda & letters.
Brits take Filly, 1777
23 July 1777...Jenral How in Nu York loed his soldyers on ships & sael tu
Chesapeek Bae, then up the mouth av Delaware River. Filly in on this
River. Originally planned tu sael up the river. Chaenj mind.
14 Aug 1777: How land 18,000 troops at Elkton, 50 miles south av Filly.
9 Sep: Brandywine...Washington defend on this littel kreek. It hav many
fords weer yu kan get kros. How find Trimbels ford weer Washington
did not put a foers tu watch it. How atak other fords tu make it
look like reel atak. But muve bigger foers around & go for atak
Washington's rite side & reer. Washington put Sullivan & his men
tu blok How, but How roll over Sullivan. Washington send Green & then
Lafayet join in. 2 many Brits. Em push thru evreewon.
Washington retreet tu Chester, then Jermantown.
26 Sep: Brit Jenral Grae suprize Anthony Wayne at Paoli Tavern.
Wayne luze 300 ded, 100 kaptivs.
26 Sep: Brits take Filly. Kongres flee tu York, Penn.
5 Okt: Washington atak Brit kamp at Germantown. Go down 4 rodes with
elaborat plans: Atak in senter, then atak both sides. This require
all 4 muve as planned. Tu komplex for the militia.
Maen atak in the senter went good at first, but got stuk on a big
rok hous & staed 2 long insted av go around. Then Green & Wayne
blunder intu eech other. Both thank the other is the foe & shoot
at eech other. Wayne flee & that leev big hole in the line.
Then the troops panik & run like mad.
Washington ritire tu Vallee Forj.
winter 1777...Brits okkupi Filly with 19,500 men, Nu York with 10,500.
Brits stae in big towns; dont venchuer intu the kuntreeside.
1778
Diplomats & talk
Kontinental kongress started tu fish for help in 1775.
Nov 1775, make kommittee tu "correspond" with freends in yerrop. Ben Franklin
& others gotu Frans tu tri tu bi war goods. French king Luis is 16
yrs old. French hate England, see the war as wae tu hert England.
Franklin is a big hit with all French klasses, xtra so the middel klass:
merchants, artisans, krafts, smiths, "professhunals". French lone
munee with Virjinya tubak tu bak it, sell sum military stuff, let
Amerikan privateers yuze French ports. Most av french lones bi stuff
in Frans. Biggest thang=gun powder.
After Burgoyn surrender at Saratoga (17 Okt 1777), Lord North in
London introdues tu Brit Parliament a rekonsile akt that mite hav
ended the war. But Parliament drag its feet, dont duit bi yeer end.
It wood hav ben like the Brit Kommonwelth (start bout 1870).
French Allians
6 Feb 1778: 2 treetees, 1=freends, 2=allians.
Allians sae both fite England & will not make separat pees. Pees sae
French will trade with us.
17 Feb 1778: Brit parliament pass the rekonsile akt. Send Erl av Karliel
tu talk tu kongres bout it. Offer tu stop fite wile evreewon talk.
It offer wot kongress asked for in 1775: Brits kontrol forin stuff & war.
It was 2 late. Nuz av French allians got tu Nu York on 2 Mae 1778.
Kongres sae England must first let us be free. Brits refuze.
spring 1778: Frans adopt Jon Paul Jones plan tu retake Nu York. This
require French fleet gotta defeet Brit fleet.
Nu York, 1778
24 Mae 1778: Jenral How as for releef & sael bak tu England (Bekum Nite
av the bath). Germain order Klinton tu Nu York. Klinton first
put 3,000 torees from Filly & sum Hessuns on ships that go down
the Delaware River (plan tu gotu England).
Klinton march kross Nu Jersee tuward Nu York.
French spozed tu send theer fleet tu Nu York. Idea is tu trap
Brit fleet in the harber. Then Washington atak Brit troops on land.
Monmouth Korthous
28 Jun 1778: Klinton is strung out 12 miles along rode with reer neer
Monmouth korthous. Washington want Lee tu atak How. Lee refuze.
so Lafayet go. Then Lee chaenj mind & rush out tu take over.
Jenral idea is tu surround Brit reer gard & maby take em all.
But Lee never org a plan & dont tell em under him wot tu du.
So small yunits bump intu Brits. Klinton heer gunfire, & tern
around. Amerikan troops tri tu muve around, get konfuzed.
1 yunit retreet, so all others run bak 2. Washington was kummin
with maen foers & run intu men retreeting. Him blo top. Order Lee
outta the wae. Washington take over & stop the retreet. Org a hasty
defens line. Brits atak. Amerikans under Washington muve in mid
av fite & get around Brit rite wich retreet. Fite bekum stalemate.
Brits leev that nite. Fite was a draw. But it revived Amerikan
moral kauz em fite the Brit best tu a draw...fist nondefeet in a
long time.
8 July 1778: French fleet is in Delaware bae (Chesapeek Bae).
No Brits theer. All Brit ships went tu Nu York. So French gotu
Nu York. French Admiral d'Etaing havta go over a sand bar tu get
intu harber tu tri tu fite Brit feet. Him tu fraed.
22 July 1778: Hi tide + winds put 30 ft deep water over the bar.
French refuze tu tri tu go over bar. Em sael tu Nuport, RI
*** Nuport
Washington send Sullivan with 10,000 men tu Nuport. French put
5,000 men on land. How put sum troops on ships & sael for Nuport.
French heer av this & get theer troops bak on ships & go out tu
meet Brit fleet.
11 Aug 1778: Storm hit & rek havok with both fleets. Both sael bak
tu port tu fixup ships. French gotu Boston.
Amerikans under Sullivan was so disgusted the French sael awae,
half his men go home. Dont hav nuff men so him retreet.
04 Nov 1778: French fleet hed out, gotu Martinik in the West Indees.
Nuthang kum av first tri tu kombine French & Amerikans.
*** Penns land
Kernal Jon Butler kame down from Kanada with Indians & raded
Wyoming Vallee. Many Indian atrositees. Fronteer in flames.
11 Nov 1778: Walter Butler & Indians raed West Nu York
*** Jorjya
Amerikan Jenral How is in Jorjya with 700 soldyers + 150 militia.
Nov 1778: Brit kernel Kampbel sael from Nu York with 3500 men, land on
Tibe Ieland. March tu Savana. Fite neer Savana, Brits win big.
Kill or hert bout 500 Amerikans.
29 Des 1778: Savana fall.
Brits (under Prevost) take Augusta, march around & take all towns
av NE portans. Brits kontrol Jorjya. Royal guvner retern.
1779
***** forin: 1779
16 June 1779: Spaen deklare war on England
French & Spaen fleets gotu West Indees. Klinton send 8,000 soldyers
down theer. Brits abandon Nuport.
***** War at see
1778 Jon Paul Jones in Ranger ataked English town Witehaven & berned
ships in the harber.
Sep 1779 Jon Paul Jones leev Frans in BonHome Richard, with 42 guns &
32-gun frigates Allians & Pallas + 12-gun Venjens.
23 Sep 1779 see Brit konvoy with eskorts: 50-gun Serapis +20-gun Skarsboro.
BonHome & Serapis side-bi-side trade shots 2.5 ours.
Brits asked him tu giv up, Him sae: "I hav not yet begun tu fite".
Eventually, Brit ship giv up. Jones muve tu it kauz his ship is
bout tu sink.
***** West in 1779
1778: Jorj Rogers Klark as ajent av Virjinya gotu Illinois kuntree.
Him take posts at Kaskaskia & Vinsennes. Brits send in kernel
"haer-bier" Henree Hamilton & him take Vinsennes. Klark gotu Kaskaskia,
150 miles southwest.
Feb 1779: Rogers with 130 men march tu Vinsennes. Roger sharpshueters
pik off sum Brit lookouts. Then fool Brits tu thank him hav lotta men.
Hamilton surrender.
Klark tri tu take Fort Detroit & fael. Thus, tipikal Indian war
rage all over northwest.
*** Penns land 1779
Washington send jenral Sullivan with 5,000 men tu fite the Iroquois &
tri tu take Fort Niagara. Sullivan go up the Susquehanna River from
Wyoming . Jenral James Klinton go west in Nu York. Em berned
bout 40 Iroquois towns & razed korn feelds. Hert Indians bad.
But did NOT subdue the Indians. Did NOT take Niagara.
Next Winter, many indians starv tu ded kauz the korn feelds ded.
***** North in 1779
Both sides was afraed tu tri for a majer fite, so em raeded.
Had littel military value but enflamed the other side.
London told jenral Klinton tu raed ports.
Klinton in Nu York ravaejed Konn & up the Hudsun.
Biggest fite: Mad Tony Wayne with 1,200 men atak & overweelm fort
at Stony Point on the Hudsun.
Later Klinton abandon sum spots so him kan send men south.
Mae 1779: Jorj Kolleer raed Chesapeek Bae & take many merchant ships.
Then up Hudsun River, over tu Long Ieland, Nu Haven
***** South 1779
*** Jorjya: spring 1779
French fleet was spozed tu gotu Nu York, but it gotu Jorjya.
12 Sep 1779: French with 3,500 men enter Savana River. Land men south
av Savana. Linkoln join with 1,300 men & Pulaski with 200 dragoons.
Lotta delaes B4 tri tu start a fite. Brits bring in more men.
French start tu dig trenches for a seej. Repot kum av a Brit
fleet kummin, so d'Estaing deside tu atak.
09 Okt 1779: French & Amerikans atak. Hevee losses wen charj ginst
prepped dug-in troops. d'Estaing giv up & sael awae.
****
Brits in Jorjya (Prevost) march north. Bunch av small fites.
Brits win most. Sum sae the Brits + Indians + torees was badder than Shermans
march tu the see in 1865. Net result is Brits go bak tu Savana.
Standard pattern: Brits hold ports. Rebels kontrol kuntreeside.
*** Linkoln in South Karolina
Kongress send Jenral Linkoln with 3000 men tu S K tu replaes How.
Linkoln fael tu take Savana & go bak tu Charleston, South Karolina.
Klinton & Konwalis sael tu Charleston with 8,500 troops, 90 transports,
& 14 warships. Brits land sum distans awae tu avoid the see defens.
Linkoln surrender 5,500 men tu the Brits. Klinton go bak tu Nu York.
Kornwallis raed inland. Kernel Tarriton bekum infaemus. Okkupi most
av South Karolina. Royal guvner retern.
1780
**** South in 1780
Brit Klinton go from Nu York tu Charleston, South Karolina.
Mar 1780: Klinton & Kornwallis with 6,000 soldyers start trench werks
on other side av Ashlee River.
Amerikan jenral Linkoln bring in men from all over the area: 5,000 men.
Klinton bring in more men, hav 10,000. Him extend trenches around
Charleston=trap Linkoln inside.
06 Mae 1780: Ft Moultree fall tu Brits.
12 Mae 1780: Linkoln surrender
Klinton gotu NY. Kornwallis in charj in the south. Him go from
town tu town & kill all him get his hands on. Sivil war in SK.
Brit kernel Tarleton leed Amerikan torees & defeet kernal Abe Buford &
then slotter em after em surrender ("tareltons quarter").
Washington send Maryland & Delaware kontinental troops (3000 men).
tu Karolinas under jenral deKalb. Then kongres apoint Gates as leeder
in the south. Lokal rebels join so him hav 5,000 men. Gates &
Klinton muve tuward Kamden. Em stumbel intu eech other in pine forest.
Brits atak & Amerikan militia run awae. Kontinentals stae & fite.
Gates run awae tu Charlot=60 miles, then Hillsboro, NK=240 miles.
Dekalb stae & fite, die av 11 wuends.
Tarleton defeet jenral Sumter. Konwalis march north thru North
Karolina. Gloom & doom.
*** Kings Mountin
7 Okt 1780: Brit Majer Pat Fergusun leed torees on left side av Brit
army that go north. Him get so many mountin men mad at him, em
gather tugether. Fergusun defend at top av Kings Mountin with 1400
men. Mountin men in trees with rifels pik off torees 1 bi 1,
til nun left
**
Kongres let Washington pik the next jenral for the south: Nat Green.
Des 1780: Nat Green get tu Charlot with 1,100 Kontinentals + 500 militia.
Him put half under Dan Morgan tu harras Konwalis. Washington send small
kalvary foers under "lite Hoers Harry" Lee. Klinton send more troops
tu Konwalis.
Kowpens: Morgan gotu Defens wile Tarleton kalvary+torys+Irish atak.
Brits hav bout 90% kasualtees & limp awae.
**** North in 1780
12 July 1780: French kount Vergennes land 5,000 French soldyers at Nuport
But Brit fleet kame & French fleet smaller & blokked. French
soldyers stae at the port.
25 Sep 1780, Benedik Arnold switch tu the Brits.
1781
It look very bad in 1781: England kontrol the see & hold most ports
along the eest koest av North Amerika. No sine av the French.
***** French
Mar 1781: French fleet under Kount de Gras leev Frans for West Indees: 20 warships.
21 Mae 1781 Washington meet kount Rochambeau tu plan summer fite.
Washington wanna atak Nu York so em agree tu waet neer theer for
French fleet under de Gras. Send ship tu Haiti tu tell deGras.
Wash dont no that Rochambeau (wile in Frans) told deGras him prefer
the Cheesapeek Bae.
July DeGras get 3,000 soldyers at Haiti & take all 28 ships & sael for
Cheesapeek Bae.
Brit Klinton in Nu York order Kornwallis tu send him 3,000 men.
Konwallis march tuward Portsmouth, Va.
6 July 1781: Lafaet & Konwallis fite at Green Springs. Draw.
Aug Konwallis gotu Yorktown, Va.
**
July: Washington probe Nu York & find defenses strong. Klinton hav
14,000 men.
12 Aug: French troops at Nuport march tu join Washington at Nu York.
5,000 French+ 5,000 Amerikan soldyers.
14 Aug: Washington lern French Fleet plan tu gotu Cheesapeek Bae.
19 Aug: Washington + French march south.
27 Aug: French at Nuport sael for Chessapeek with seej artilery.
30 Aug: De Gras anker in the Chesapeek.
31 Aug: Washington march thru Filly.
**
Brits lern DeGras sael for Chesapeek. Brit admiral Sam Hood with
14 ships-av-the-line sael & get theer 3 daes B4 deGras.
Hood look around, dont find French & sael for Nu York. In Nu York
Graves hav 6 ships. Him seenyer tu Hood & take over ships.
31 Aug Graves sael for Chesapeek Bae.
** Sep 1781, Chesapeek Bae
5 Sep: Brit fleet (19 ships) meet French (24 ships). Big fite start
at 4pm. Kum sundown, Brits withdraw kauz 5 ships get hert bad.
Next 5 daes, deGras wander slo eest awae from Chesapeek tu draw off
Brit fleet so the French from Nuport kan get intu the Bae.
All French ships join off Yorktown. Brit fleet gotu Nu York.
** Yorktown
Konwallis hav 6,500 men in Yorktown & 700 men on other side av York
River. French fleet blokaed em. Amerikan men pen in the 700.
28 Sep 1781: start av seej av Kornwalis at Yorktown. Frans suppli the
seej guns, most from warships. Washington hav 5,600 kontenintals
3,200 militia. French=8,000. Total=16,800.
17 Okt 1781: Klinton lode 7,000 troops on ships & sael for Yorktown.
Winds R bad next 2 daes, so em dont go out intu open see.
19 Okt 1781: Konwalis surrender.
This was the effektiv end av the war, but it took 2 yeers av talk
tu get a treety. French fleet & troops gotu West Indees.
**
****** South in 1781
Most av the portant fiting in 1781. Look very bad at first. Brits
had wandered over Jorjya & the karolinas & plunder all.
Amerikan leeder=Nat Green. Bris=Konwalis. Green divide his foers
(smaller than Brits) so him kan atak smaller parts av brits at
edjes. Had a lotta small fites weer Green lost evree fite, but
the Brits lost so many men, em giv up all but the ports.
** Kowpens
17 Jan 1781: Brit Tarleton meet Amerikan Danyeel Morgan
Morgan chuez tu fite in wot look like a trap: faerly open area
with skattered trees. Open nuff Brit hoerses kan go weer em want.
And Morgan's bak is ginst a river. Morgan put rifelmen in front,
then 2 lines av militia, hoersmen in the reer. Men R tu fire
2 shots, then fall bak tu next line. Him spekt Brits will atak
strate ahed. Brits du, with kalvary in front. Sharpshueters kill
15 & the kalvary run awae. Maen Brit foers atak. Militia fire 2
vollys & retreet. Looked tu Brits like tipikal militia flee as em
did many times B4. Brit dragoons chase em. Amerikan hoersmen kun
& chase dragoons awae. Militia stae & shoot at Brits.
Brits luze 90% av his men=big deffet for Tarleton.
** Guilford Korthous
15 Mar 1781: Konwalis atak Green. Green retreet wen his militia run
awae. But brits lost 30% av theer men. Kornwalis outta supplies
& kant liv off the land like the rebels du, so him gotu Wilmington.
** 08 Sep 1781: Eutw Springs
Lord Rawdon atak Green & Green almost win, but his men take the
Brit supplies, find rum & get drunk.
Green gotu South Karolina & hav seerees av fites. Him luze all, but
him hert the Brits so bad, him win the war. Brits botteled up in
Charleston. Kornwallis gotu Virjinya.
** Virjinya
Benadikt Arnold is Brit Jenral in Virjinya in 1781 with 1700 Torees.
Washington send Lafayet tu Virjinya.
25 April 81: Konwalis go north tu Virjinya. hav 7,200 men
Kernal Tareton's kalvary chaes Tom Jefferson tu Charlotsvil.
6 July: Konwalis defeet Lafayet at Greenspring (Berklee's plantashun)
Konwalis gotu Yorktown.
1782-89
1782 was mostly a holding pattern wile diplomate talk pees.
Brits & French fite at see. French fleet take a bad likkin.
Land war=fite indians, mostly on fronteer. Indians run wild most
av the time.
20 Mar 1782: Wigs replaes Lord North in krontrol av Brit guvt.
Wigs want pees.
March 1782: King Jorj 3 agree tu start pees talks. Kongres send
Jon Jae & Adams tu join Franklin in Paris tu talk terkee.
April 1782: start pees talk
Sep 1782: Brits agree tu kall us "13 united states" insted av kolonees.
[thats progres folks]
10 Nov 1782: Jorj Roger Klark defeet Shawnee at Chilikoth, Ohio.
30 Nov 1782: Prelimary sine treetee bi the men in Paris (Require guvt apruve it).
***** pees
12 Mar 1783: stop-fire in US...most soldyers kan go home now (without pae).
03 Sep 1783: sine nu vershun av pees treetee ("Pees av Paris").
Brit giv Florida bak tu Spaen.
US get land from eest koest tu the Mississipi.
25 Nov 1783: Karleton & Brits sael awae from Nu York.
4 Des 1783: Washington & offisers get tugether for the last time.
guvt in & after the revolushanary war
From 1700 tu tudae most revolushuns go thru same staejes:
1. Radikals take over and kill all the old leeders.
2. nu super-radikals take over and kill all former leeders.
3. a strong man rise & make guvt his diktatership.
Yuzyually the diktater is a military man.
The Revolushunary War is yuneek in that the radikals that thro out Brits
stae in power after the war & leed an evolushun av guvts. dont kill NE
old leeders. No diktater. No military man take over.
Kongres formed the "Artikels av Konfederashun" in 1774...Kongres
is the guvt thru the war & after the war.
States made rited konstitushuns & all hav a bill av rites, started with
Virjinya in 1776. Korts in Mass interpreted the state konstitushun as
outlaw slaves. All state guvts had 3 branches: guvner, law makers, & korts.
But varing powers tu the guvner & law makers, & voters. In Penns land,
kounsil elekted a 1-yeer president hu was the state guvner. But in 1790
made a nu konstitushun with elekted guvner. Most states had 2 elekted
lawmakers (kounsil). Jon Adams sed yu gotta hav 2 tu prevent haest & waest.
Mass did it all legit: a konstitushunal konvenshun was elekted bi
yuniversal mael vote (1779). A kommittee rite a draft (Jon Adams did
most av the werk). Konvenshun werked onit, then terned it over the town
meets. Towns voted on eech klauz in it. It passed muster.
During the war, Kentuk kalled itself the state av Transylvania.
Farther south was the state av Franklin (Tenn) with home-made konstitushun.
Konfederashun
(no, not the konfederasee)..."artikels av konfederashun"
Kontinental kongress desided on a federal guvt tu join the states...
share power with em. The states gotta giv up sum power tuit. Big quesshun:
how much power will ALL states agree tu giv up. Federashun gotta deside
how much power the feds hav & how much the states keep. In this kase, the
feds did NOT hav nuff power. But this was all the folks & states wood let
em du at that time.
During the war, Kongress was the federal guvt & eech state had 1 vote,
but nowae tu enfoers NE-thang.
15 Nov 1777...kongres rite down rules for the konfederashun & submit em tu states.
Eech gotta agree tu join. Took til 1 Mar 1781 for Maryland tu join.
In effekt, kongress get a nu name & keep duing wot it du. Eech state hav
1 vote & it take 9 tu pass sumthang. It lak power tu tax & kant set
inport/export rules. It did not hav korts & no kops.
Issue that bother kongress...land in the west: Several states klaem theer
land go tu the pasifik oeshun. Virjinya also klaemed land west av
Maryland & Penns land. Kongress talk states, 1 at a time, tu giv up klaems
tu land in the west.
Next problem...tu chaenj the konfederashun required all states tu agree.
Thus it kood not chaenj as em lern from speereeans wot guvt shood be like.
1782-1789, Amerika after revolushanary war
Amerika hoped for free trade with Yerrop but didnt get it. Biggest problem
is: eech state kontrol its trade...rules, tarifs, paperwerk. Eech state gotta
make trade treetee with portant states like England & Frans. Sum was desparut
& giv awae the farm. England was a big problem. Her dont let Amerika trade
with Brit kolonees in the West Indees. Her kontrol the see & kontrol most
shipping. England no her is the biggest power around & take full advantaej
av it. Eech state gotta get separate trade treetee, no state hav NE power.
Many hoped tu trade with Frans insted, but not much theer. French industree was
was not neer as developed as England, & so kant kompeet for the faktree stuff
Amerika bi in England. Kredit was not neer as developed in Frans. Traders
required kredit tu muve goods kross the sees.
States had tu make trade treetees with eech other & hav tariffs & rules.
England was so powerful, her got better trade terms with states than the states
got with eech other.
South ekonomee rekuvered first as its exports av farm goods (Tubak & ries)
was in demand all over Yerrop. Nu England hav depresshun...no rum trade.
See trade was portant part av ekonomy & it dropped tu neer zero for a wile.
In time, Nu England developed trade with China & even got see-otter furs
from the Pasifik koest indians & trade that with China. Gradual lern how tu
werk with West Indees... French help & wilee Yankee skippers get around Britian.
Bout 80,000 loyalists left: most gotu Kanada, sum tu West Indees.
But most loyalists staed home.
Debts tu Brits was a big sore point with England for many yeers.
The states had the job av pae off debts av its sitizens. Many didnt wanna,
sum made laws ginst it, many was poor & had hard time tu find munee.
In 1802 the nu US guvt paed 600,000 pounds tu England tu kloes old debts.
That was bout 50 sents on the dollar.
1782 Fronteer
Big sore point was Brit forts in the northwest territory, Niagrara,
and Nu England borders now on US land. Brits keep em & refuze tu budj.
Spaen hav Florida & got Luisiana from French. Spaen hate the US & prevent
trade on the Mississippi River.
1780: Kongres make nu rules for the west: org land intu territorees.
Territoree kan bekum state later wen hav more folks, appli, & kongres ok.
1784: Territorial Ordinans divided the west intu 10 boxes that wood get its
guvt wen it hav 20,000 folks, & kan bekum a state later.
20 Mae 1785: kongress make rule for servae the land intu squares b4 sell it.
based on township=square 6 mile bi 6 mile.
1787: first survaed area west av Penns land open for sale.
13 July 1787: Northwest Ordinans bekame the basik rule for territorees.
1. wen a "distrikt" hav 5000 free adult males it kan ask kongres tu
appoint a guvner.
2. wen it hav 60,000 folks it kan appli tu be a state.
3. All territorees hav a bill av rites. prohib slaves in the Northwest.
It applied tu the area north av the Ohio River, but was basis for later areas.
In time it bekame Ohio+Indiana+Illinois+Mishigan+Wiskonsin.
1784-86, states on eest koest giv up klaems tu land west av mountins
& north av Ohio River (with a fyu strings). The west bekum federal property.
konvenshun rite konstitushun for nu fed guvt
21 Feb 1787, kongres invite states tu send delegates tu a konvenshun in Filly
in Mae tu "Revise the Artikels av Konfederashun".
25 Mae 1787-17 Sep 1787: Em start on rerite, then deside on a nu konstitute.
This leed tu the fed guvt we hav now. Biggest step=3 branches:
President, kongres, korts.
12 states send 55 delegates. Rode Ieland dont sho
29 Mae 1787, Virjinya delagates sho an outline for a national guvt tu REPLAES
the konfederashun. It hav 2 law-maker bodees, appointed judjes, & appointed
"national executiv". Em squabbel over if NE fed body shood be elekted.
Deside tu hav 1 elekted body...wot is now the hous av representativs.
vote: 6 states for, 2 ginst, others divided & kant deside. Non elekted
body= Senut ("senate" in krat speek). It represent STATES, not the folks.
Em leev it tu the states tu deside how tu selekt hu gotu that body.
At first, guvner appoint senuters. Later chaenj konstitushun tu elekt em.
16 July 1787: "grate kompromise" sae hous 1 will represent the folks.
Eech state get number representativs based on how many liv in that state.
hous 2=Senut hav 2 members from eech state. purpus=protekt small states
from the majority. More small states, so em kan defeet big states.
Em selekt a straenj wae tu elekt the president with a "electoral kollej"
aft several kompromises. Many delegats was afraed av let kommon man
vote for the President. Many tried tu get lotta restrikt on hu kan vote:
such as yu gotta be rich & oen land & wot not. States selekt "elekters".
"elekters" vote for president. It em kant get 50%+1 vote for 1 man,
it gotu hous. In hous, eech state vote AS A STATE...eech state hav 1 vote.
Miss: Artikel 6, sekshun 2 state the konstitushun & federal laws R
"supreem law av the land"...abuv NE-thang states du.
Artikel 3, sekshun 2 giv federal Judjes power tu deside bout federal
laws and treetees... if wot guvt du is konstitushunal.
Konvenshun appruv nu konstitushun bi 39 av 50. But states gotta adopt it.
17 Sep 1787: evreewon go home.
apruve ("ratifi") konstitushun
The konvenshun spesifi how tu start the nu konstutishun. NE state
interested in join it, gotta hav an elekted konvenshun in his state &
vote yes or no. Konstitushun take effekt wen 9 states apruev. Kuntree
divided. Supporters bekame "Frederalists". Em was mostlee yung kollej
grads, smart, & rising. 2 old foegees supported em: Washington &
Franklin (81 then). The wons at the konvenshun that did NOT vote for
it leed the opposishun. It was personal fite. Jorj Mason=stronj
oppose kalled Jorj Washington "that upstart Servaeyer". Aristokrats
was ginst it. Nu England, Nu York, Virjinya, & karolinas mostly ginst. Stronjest opposers:
Old men hu yuzed tu be a state leeder for a long time but now out.
Sam Adams & Jon Hankok av Mass was ginst it at first, but switched
later. Almost all "names" hu support it R < 35 yeers old.
Supporters rote pamplets & nuzpaper artikels tu xplaen the Konstitushun. Big fakter for:
Washington & Franklin R for nu konstitushun & that swae many.
Desember 1787: Delaware appruve=state 1, Penn was 2, Mass 3, Maryland 4.
Mass was kloes: many old radikals av 1775 was ginst it.
Nu Hampshire was state 9 & that put it intu effekt. But sum big
states had not voted at that time such as Virjinya. Patrik Henree
was ginst it.
23 June 1788: Virjinya vote for nu konstitute. Nu York was late.
Washington kalled Nu York "more wicked than ignorant". North Karolina
delae, but pass it in 1789=nuff states tu start the nu guvt. The old
federashun kongress sed its now in effekt & set date for president 1:
4 March 1789. Sorry, it did not happen. The nu hous av representativs
did not hav a quorum & koodnt vote tu sertify the lekshun results.
*********** konstutishun radified bout 11 March 1789 *************
Kongress selekt Nu York Sitee as kapital.
11 March 1789: Washington lern him be president.
30 Apr 1789: Washington sweer in as president, Federal Hall on Wall St,
Nu York Sitee.
Washington, term 1, 1789-1793
First 4 yeers was kritizal tu establish the werkings av the guvt.
Erlee akshuns set the tone and make kustons others will follo.
Washington start with nuthang. Most nu guvts just take over the
aparatus av the old. Kant duit this time. Kondederashun is bankrupt.
No munee. no bildings. no werkers, no army, no kops, no korts.
no tradishuns, no foundashun, no body av krats tu run thangs.
No taxes & no munee kumming in.
30 April 1789...Washington sweer in on balkonee av Federal Hall at Wall Street.
Washington's value was his character. He won respekt but was not popular.
He was direkt & stubborn, oft slo tu deside. He had dignity & rezerv that
kum from stern self-kontrol. In his first address (speech), him told
kongress tu add a bill-av-rites tu the konstitushun.
appoint: Tom Jeffersun=Sekratary av state (forin affaers)
Alexander Hamilton=Tresury (munee)
Jenral Nox =Army (War) sekratary.
Edmund Randolf ="attorney Jenral"=cheef lawyer. (heep big cheef)
note...Jon Adams was vies president.
Quesshun kum up bout powers first time Washington fire sumwon. At
first, senut klaem it gotta appruv all firings. But it yeeld & let
Wash hav his wae. This set presadent=start habit for guvt tu duit
that wae. Krats R very bound bi habit (tradishun). Konstitushun
sae president make treetees with "advies & konsent" av senut.
After 2 tries, Washington gave up on the "advies" part.
** cabinet
Washington started the praktis av the "kabinet"...the heds av the
most portant depts av president's part av the guvt (executiv branch).
All em big-wigs=the kabinet. Kabinet advies president. All R his
men, kauz him appointed em. This differ from Brit kabinit wich
hav portant members av parliament & kan inklude sum hu oppose the
leeder (prime minister). Konstitushun sae federal brass kant be
a member av kongres. In praktis, em alwaes rezine wen appointed.
Kongres made a tarrif tu raes munee, but it took months tu hire
werkers & open offises in ports up & down the eest koest.
24 Sep 1789: kongress "Judiciary Akt" set up korts. Hav 1 supreem kort,
13 distrik korts, & 3 serkut korts. Law sae a konflikt tween a state
kort & a US guvt kan go direkt tu US supreem kort. First top judj
av supreem kort (Cheef Justis) =Jon Jae. Federal korts "invalidated"
several state laws & sum federal laws. That meen the guvt kant
enfoers that law=the law is nonlawful=same as no such law.
"Unkonstitushunal" in krat speek; law ded in folk speek.
25 Sep 1789: kongress send 12 proposed konstitushunal admendments tu the
states tu apruev (or not). ("ratifi" in krat speek)
02 Feb 1790...Supreem kort open for biz.
** kapital
1790: Kongres deside tu muve tu Filly as kapital for 10 yeers, then tu
bild a nu kapital in a swamp next tu Potomak River, on border tween
Maryland & Virjinya.
Kongres adjorn at Nu York on 12 Aug 1790, restart in Filly on 6 Des.
Alexamder Hamilton
The biggest problem at first was munee. Tresury Sekratary= Alex Hamilton
was the pres's point man. Hamilton was yung (34 in 1789) & xtra brite bout
munee. He made bold plans with reel rules, set hard polasee. Kongres alwaes
weree bout wot folks bak home sae; Hamilton told kongress wot em shood du.
Hamilton was a "hard munee" man=base munee on gold & silver, not on paper.
Hamilton was enerjik nuff tu overkum almost all obstakels. Kongres deside
all munee stuff belong under Treshury & a lotta missalaenus stuff 2.
Post offis, waterwaes, servae the land was under Treshury. Hamilton deside
him gotta get the loyaltee av the munee klasses: em hu hav munee= rich men,
old famlees, merchants, shipoeners, & all hu loned munee tu the guvt. His
program was tu giv munee men a reesun tu support the guvt.
14 Jan 1790...Hamilton giv kongress his report on finans. Him sed "debt is
the pries av libertee" & must be paed in full. Him plan tu "fund" all debts.
This meen sell nu debt tu pae old debt. Hamilton got the guvt tu take over
all old debts av the konfederashun, & most state debt 2. It took til 1795
tu pae off all forin debt. (1835 for Andru Jaksun tu pae off domestik debt).
Kongress chartered the Bank av the United States tu hold the munee. This kauz
uproer from the anti-federalists. Tom Jeffersun argued it is not needed & is
not konstutishunal. Hamilton yuzed "lues konstrukshun" tu interpret the konst.
This is...if not outlawed, & we need it, its legal.
1819 Justis Marshal sae the doktrin av implied power is konstitushunal.
Hamilton's program got solid support in Nu England, Nu York, even in
Charleston. But it made Virjinya planters mad & that is bad kauz Virjinya
hav the most folks. The planter aristokrasee dont oen ships, or stores, or
hav trade relashunships. Most planters depend on borro munee ginst the next
krop. So em hate banks.
23 Des 1790...Virjinya assemblee send harsh werds (Paktrik Henree rite it) tu
kongres that sae yu gotta chuez tween farms or kommers. It sed kommers
wood kill liberty. Em sed theer was nuthing in the konstitushun that
authorize kongres tu assume state debts (strikt konstitushunists).
Hamilton see this as "a spirit that must be killed or it will kill the konstitushun".
Des 1791...Hamilton submit his Manufaktchers report. Him propose tariffs
tu enkeraej industree. Him luze. The south is rabid in oppose tarrifs
it kall tarrif a subsidee for the north. This was the start av a long split
tween north & south. For now, Nu England more interested in trade & join
south ginst tarrif. Result: US stae mostlee farmland til the Sivil War.
Hamilton's arguments for tariffs was resurrekted many times later in the US
& adopted bi many Yerropeon kuntrees.
1792 start Post Offis
Tom Jeffersun & the opposishun
Tom Jeffersun leed Virjinya tu start a "republikan" party tu oppose federalists.
It is based on rural south slave oener farmers and the landed aristokrasee.
Its farmers ginst merchants. It divide the kuntree til the sivil war.
Hamilton want tu put power in guvt; Jeffersun want tu spred power thin all
over. Hamilton feer anarchy & want order; Jeffersun feer tyranee & want
liberty. Hamilton want tu run kuntree with guvt eleet. Jeffersun sae guvt
shood be based on farm demokrasee. The kommon man is safest & most virchue
but mae not be wise.
Hamilton wanted tu diversifi the ekonomee with shipping & industree.
Jefferson sed kuntree better as a naeshun av farmers tu preserv simpel &
equal. Hamilton sed that is sentimental nonsens. Jefferson was in Yerrop
several yeers & sae US shood NOT be like Yerrop. Hamilton wanna make US
the nu Yerrop. Jefferson werked with Hamilton at first, but in Des 1790
disagree over the nashunal bank. From then on, mostly oppose Hamilton.
In 1791 Jefferson went tu Nu York. Maen reesun=meet Madison & form nu party
(republikans) tu oppose federalists. Also meet guvner Klinton & Kernel Burr.
Nu York hav 2 kliks av rich men based on the old patroons. Klinton is hed av
the klik outta faver with federal guvt & want in. Jefferson agree tu hire
in his dept Filip Freneau as a translater, even tho English is his oenlee
tung. Freneau is a freend av Madison. Purpus is tu put spi in guvt hu
kan rite storees that kritisize guvt & frederalists. Thus Jeffersun is
giltee av underhanded konnive.
Forin polasee,Wash, term 1
polasee = Pees, yuenyun, justis.
US is a small week kuntree with lotta divishuns & splinters. Had not
developed under England kauz England prohibit industree in kolonees.
Eech reejun hav its interests...trade in Nu England. South was
farms & most want tu export farm output tu make munee. West wanna
gro & see indians as the problem. Brit guvt bak the indians as wae
tu hert US & prevent it from gro.
The werld is full av sharks. Jeffersun wanted kloes ties with Frans.
Xtra so aft the French Revolushun. Hamilton wanna teem up with Brits.
Trade...75% av US trade was with Grate Britian & 90% av imports from theer.
Hamilton depend on trade tarif tu pae for the federal guvt. NE-thang
that hert trade mite rek the guvt. Thus Hamilton tri tu get along
with Brit guvt.
Brits, Kanada, the west...Wash, term 1
1791: England reorg Kanada & separate it intu 2 states (providens).
Englishmen in "upper Kanada"=ontario=west part. French in "loer
Kanada"=Quebek=eest part. Many torees from US muved tu Kanada.
England is reel meen. Put kapital av Ontario in Niagara...on the
US side av the falls. England keep 7 forts in the northwest on US
land. Her sined pees treetee that sed her wood get out. Her dont.
****** indian problems
1791: Washington send jenral St Klaer with 2,000 men tu upstate Nu York.
Plan tu bild a fort tu offset Brit forts neer & in US.
4 Nov 1791: St Klaer blunder intu indian ambush & luze 900 men=big disaster.
****** see trade
Algeria & Pirats
The "barbary korsaers" notis the stars & stripes dont hav a navy in
the Met see. Em take ships & put the men in dunjens. Jefferson sed
it is war or ranson. Senut sed "bild a navy", but did not duit.
1792: kin av men in prisun 7 yeers sed moslums wood foers em tu bekum
moslems. So kongress pae ransum.
Washington, term 2, 1793-1797
French revolushun
14 July 1789...French pesants storm the Basteel & start a revolushun.
Lafayet & Tom Paen was revolt leeders in Frans for a wile. Many in US
appruev kauz it look much like Amerikan revolushun. But thangs chaenj
2 fast tu keep up with. French get more radikal & more bloody. French
outlaw nobels & kill many; later kill king & queen. In 3 months Frans
is at war with Austria & Prushya, then Italy, Beljum, Holland, England.
1793: Frans deklar war on all kings. Evreewon in Amerika selebrate.
April 1793...US heer Frans is at war with England & Spaen.
forin affaers
1793-94: problems with England
England tell its navy tu seez NE ship that trade with Frans.
Brit navy take Amerikan merchant ships in the West Indees, thro kru
in jael. Sell ship & goods. Merchants komplaen, kongres get mad
& deklare embargo. Look like gonna be war. Brit boss kansel this
order. Thangs kuel off for a wile.
22 Apr1793...Washington sae US is nuetral. Kongres pass nuetral akt.
*** Genet affaer
French send "Sitizen Genet" tu US (Charleston) tu get privateers.
His orders R tu "filibuster" Florida & luisiana (belong tu Spaen then).
sum westerners such a Jorj Rogers Klark aksept kommissions in a
"french army av the Mississipi". Genet want tu raes an army & pae it
from munee US oe Frans from our Revolushun. Hamilton sed no.
*** Randolf
Brit warship kapchuer French ship with letter from "sitizen Fauchet"
tu Frans that sho Randolf plot behind Washington's bak. Brits giv
us the letter. Next state sekratary=Tim Pikkering=Nu England
federalist hu hate Frans. Nu War sekratary=McHenree hu bak Hamilton.
Treetees...England, Spaen
Washington send Jae tu England tu tri tu setel problems.
19 Nov 1794...Jae sine treetee in London. England agree tu:
1. get rid av forts on US land bi 1796.
2. let sum us trade with West Indees.
It setup a kommittee tu werk on other problems.
1. define boundree tween Maen & Kanada.
2. US pae 600,000 pounds tuward US sitisen debts tu Britian.
3. Britian pae 1,317,000 pounds for ships it took in the West Indees.
Many bak home got mad at this treetee as not good nuff. Many fronteer
questshuns was not in the treetee.
25 June 1795...senat apruev the treetee.
** treetee with Spaen open Nu Orleens tu US
27 Okt 1795: Treetee av San Lorenzo
Spaen open Nu Orleans so US west kan send goods down the Mississippi,
then lode goods on ships at Nu Orleans.
1794: US Navy reborn
Kongress get tired av piruts from Algeria & other moslum states
on the koest av north Afrika. Em take us ships and ransum the men.
Kongres deside tu bild 6 warships & form a navy tu man the ships.
First 3 frigats=Konstitushun, United States, Konstellashun.
But it took 3+ yeers tu bild the ships. In 1796 ransom kost
almost 1 milyun $ (lotta munee bak then).
politiks
31 Des 1793...Jeffersun rezine as state sekratary. Ed Randolf replaes him.
but him werk in sekret ginst Washington.
1794: politikal partees
French Revolushun brot tu a hed differing politikal pinyuns in US.
It look like kleer fite tween replubik Frans & korrupt kings (England).
Republican party form [parent av tudae's DEMOKRATS]. Name tu impli
if yer not republikan, yer a monarchist. Hamilton kall self
federalist & kall Jefferson a demokrat, but the South hate that.
***** yu kant su a state
Jorjya refuzed tu obae a US supreem kort order: sitizen av diff
state tri tu get munee Jorjya oe him. Kongres was so skaered av
this, it submit konstitushun chaenj tu prohibit NE-1 from sue a state.
All states pass it. So now konstitushun sae a state gotta agree tu
be sued B4 NE-1 kan su it. No state will ever let NE-1 su it.
This sillyness is still in foers.
1794: Wiskee rebels
In 1791, kongres tax distillers. Mountin men dont like it.
David Bradford in far west Pennsland organize lokals tu not pae
the tax. Penn Guvner refuez tu du NE-thang. Washington got kongress
tu let him kall up militia from 4 states. Washington & Hamilton
go with the jeneral hu leed this foers. Most rebels melt awae.
Wash katch the ringleeders. Kort konvikt em av treesun. Wahsington
pardon em. This prevent fyucher lokal rebelyuns. From this time
on, sumwon mad at federal guvt gotta get a state behind him & klaem
its a matter av "state's rite".
fronteer
**** Northwest fronteer, 1794
Kanada bild a fort on Maumee River in wot is now Ohio. US bild
nu army from skratch...2,000 men under "mad Anthony" Wayne at
Greenvil, Ohio. Spring 1794, him muve out with sum Kentuk rifelmen.
Indians retree tuward the nu Brit fort. Then em setup strong
defens at "fallen timbers" weer a tornado nok down a lotta trees.
20 Aug 1794: Wayne divide intu 4 kolumns. Fire muskut volly, then
atak with bayonets. Indians luze & flee. Wayne march thru indian
lands & lae it waest, bild Fort Wayne, go bak home tu Greenvil.
3 Aug 1795: Treetee av Greenvil...Indians giv up southeest part av
northwest for 10,000$/yeer. Next 10 yeers=pees in that area.
1796: Brits leev the forts & go bak tu Kanada.
Washington quit aft 2 terms
Washington quit aft 8 yeer=set praktis that last til FDR.
1796: His last yeer was bitter from ataks bi Tom Jefferson & other bitter
partisans.
Farewell speech: Washington sae tri tu be at pees with all. Dont
hate or adore NE kuntree. "steer kleer av permanent allianses
with NE forin werld".
Jon Adams, 1797-1801
Jon Adams, president 2, 1797-1801, Fredalist
Adam: politiks
Jon Adams was week & 2 trusting. Him keep washington's kabinet.
3 kee members (Pikkering, Wolkot, & McHenree) send all quesshuns
tu Hamilton & then konvins others tu du wot Hamilton want.
*** Intolerans akt, 1798
Federalists R afraed av refugees from Frans kauzed bi the French
revolushun & pass the "naturalization, alien, & sedition akt".
1. now yu gotta liv in US 14 yeers insted av 5 tu bekum sitizen.
2. alien akt giv president power tu expel nonsitizen (alien).
this skared 5 ships full av frenchmen tu sael awae
3. sedishun akt=make it krime tu tri tu kill the guvt. Kunktree
du need this much. But 1 sekshun sae yu kant sae or rite
"with intent tu defame" or "bring kontempt or disrepute"
on kongres or the president.
Federalists yuzed this tu jael politikal opponents.
****** 1800
US guvt muve tu the swamp kalled "Distrik av Kolumbia" or DC.
Jan 1801...Adams appoint Jon Marshal as cheef justis av US supreem kort.
Feb 1801...federalist kongress pass a judiciary akt...16 serkut korts.
3 Mar 1801, Just B4 his term end, Adams appoint judjes tu the 16 nu korts
(midnite appoints). Later this bekum kommon tu most presidents.
****** lekshun av 1800...lotta dirtee politiks
The "lektorial kollej" had 73 republians & 65 federalists. Jeffersun
& Burr tied so no man get > 50% av lekters. Lekshun gotu kongres.
Per konstitushun, States vote for president. Need >50% tu win.
Took 35 votes. Then 3 federalists kast blank ballots (dont kount).
Jefferson bekum president & Aron Burr is vies pres.
Adam forin affaers, french problems
****** 1797
Napoleon rose tu power in Frans & soon fite evreewon in Yerrop.
US is split: politishuns side with Frans or England. French ships
take US merchant ships in the West Indees just like England oft du.
Frans hav nu wae tu wage war in Yerrop...Em tri tu spred the revolushun
tu other kuntrees. Yuze propaganda tu stir up masses, konfuze &
divide folk, then send in army & set up pupet state. Similiar tu
Rushya in & after WW2. But Rushya send in army first, okkupi Yerrop,
then tern on propaganda. Napoleon konker most av Yerrop. Oenlee
England & Rushya ginst him.
**** xyz affaer
1797: Adam send 3 men tu Frans tu tri tu talk pees. Got theer Okt 1797,
just aft Napoleon beet Austria. French dismiss Amerika as powerless.
French forin man=Talleyrand. Him want 250,000$ bribe tu talk tu
Amerikan envoys + 10 milyun $ lone tu Frans. Him send 3 ment tu
US tu stir up trubel & offer bribes. Him send "dispatches" that
yuze X, Y, Z insted av the men's names
1798: sum dispatches got tu kongress wich print em. Big skandal.
Nu slogan="milyuns for defens, not 1 sent for tribute". Nu Adams
polasee now="armed nuetrality". Kongres make Navy independent av
Army & revive the Mareens. Navy Sekratary=Ben Stoddert. First 3
navy ships gotu see (operashunal). Next 3 dun. Guvt agree tu bi
5 from private shipyards. Kongress authoritize privateers =
private armed ships hu tri tu take ships from foe kuntree, sell em
and kargo & make munee. Yuzeyually merchant ships. Navy bekum
reel navy. Bi end av 1798, hav 14 warships & 200 armed merchant
ships. Undeklared war with French ships at see. US navy gotu
Karibbean see. Brit navy protekt Brit & US ships tween US & England.
****** 1799
9 Feb 1799...first fite tween US & French warships. Konstellashun beet
L'Insurgente.
18 Mar 1799...Adams nominate nu minister tu Frans. Senate want war, blok
blok the nominate. Kompromise: send 3 men tu Frans. Adam take long
vakashun bak in Mass. Pikkering blok the 3 men so em kant go tu Frans.
Okt 1799...Adams bak in kapital & send the 3 men on the wae. Wen em get
tu Frans, nu guvt: Napoleon replaes the "Direktree" that had run Frans.
Napoleon make self diktater. Rule like king.
Dispute with Frans fade awae.
****** 1800
30 Sep 1800...the 3 man misshun tu Frans get a simpel "kommershal treetee".
It end the non-deklared war. It dont menshun disputes tween US & Frans.
01 Okt 1800...Sekret treety: Spaen giv Luisians tu Frans. Dont tell NE-1.
Tom Jeffersun, 1801-1809
Tom Jerrersun, president 3, 1801-1809, Republikan (original)
Jefferson was a rich, slave-oener, plantashun aristokrat, souther
NOT a kommon man. But him win on the votes av the kommon man. Him
opposed munee interests av Alexander Hamilton. Him was tipikal av the
Virjinya landed aristokrats...lerned (studeed Greek klasiks), polished,
a lady's man. He apeeled tu kommon man with idealish, simpel life, &
hopeful outlook. He sed reesun kan solv NE problem. Him sed we just
need a "wise & frugal" guvernment. Jeffersun started the "Virjinya
dynasty: 30 yeers all presidents kum from Virjinya.
Jeffersun chaenj thangs from the start...him releesed all arrested
under the sedishun akt. Jeffersun was anti-military. Him send
army home & dismanteled the navy. Kut military spend tu almost 0.
Jefferson got kongress tu kill the 16 serkut korts Adams made. He
replaesed most appointed men.
But then him did sumthang kontrary tu evreethang him preech: Him bi
Luisiana=dubel size av the kuntree, pae big buks, & borro munee.
US hav wot look like a kolony=its an empire, just like the Brits.
And the pries=3 milyun $. How is that frugal? This is wot Hamilton
tried tu du several times but kongres blok him.
B4 elekted, Jefferson was a "strikt interpret" av the konstitushun.
Him sed yu kan oenlee duit if konstitushun sae yu kan. But konstitute
dont sae the president kan bi land from a forin kuntree. Jeffersun did,
so was foersed intu the lues interpret. Him had tu borro munee tu pae
for it=nuther thang him komplaen bout wen Hamilton duit.
Jefferson was an isolashunist...want nuthang tu du with other
kuntrees. Him thot him hav the perfekt start for his stile av guvt.
Theer was pees kauz Yerrop not at war rite then & indians take a
brake from war. He even had a brand nu sitee for the kapital: dezined
bi a Frenchman. Him kan start over from skratch. Jefferson desided
weer tu put the kapitol & Wite Hous. Bild kapital first. As yet.
was no rooming houses or bording houses. Kongresmen had tu leev
wife & kids bak home. Thus, kongres tended tu werk fast so em kan
go home.
1801 Kapital bilding redee. Wot is now kalled the "west wing".
Guvt expand it many times sins & stil not big nuff. Sum guvt
bigwigs offis gotta be in other bildings.
Jefferson tried tu hav open dinners with the publik, but wifes
av kongressmen fite so much for hi-status spots at the tabel, it
foers him tu deside protokols=rule tu deside hu most portant.
Nuther thang him komplaened bout wen Federalists did it.
Jefferson pledjed tu pae off the "publik debt", but that was b4
him bi Luisiana. In 8 yeers, he reduesed the debt bout 40%. All
guvt werkers was leftover federalists (presidents oenlee hire yu if
yu support him). Jeffersun wanted tu replaes em with republikans,
but didnt dare fire all. Him komplaen guvt werkers
"never quit, never rezine, seldum die". He did fire sum so him
kood put his folloers in that job. Naturally, Hamilton sae
Jefferson is a hipokrit=du wot him komplaen the federalists did.
Old law delae the next seshun av supreen kort tu 1803...2 yeers awae.
politiks, fed korts
Adams appointed Jon Marshal as cheef justis...1 av the best.
Jeffersun hated Marshal & all other judjes the federalist appointed.
Jeffersun got kongress tu kill the sirkut korts. This required jusjes tu
ride around tu tri kases in a seerees av sitees. Em hate that.
First kase at supreem kort wen Jeffersun is president: Marshal sae
"a law repugnant tu the konstitushun is void". In other werds,
law is ded.
Jefferson got the senut tu impeech a fed judj for "malfeesans
and misfeesans". Jefferson hope tu get rid av all judjes the
federalists appointed (inklude all supreem kort judjes).
First trial=tri Chase fael. Jeffersun giv up on that.
Jefferson akt just like the Brit guvt him komplaened bout so much.
appoint...Sekratary av state=Madison...old freend av Jeffersun & soon tu be
president as part av the Virjinya aristokrasee.
Treshury=Al Gallatin
1802...Kongres enlarjed the army skuel & made it the military akadamee at West Point.
1803...Ohio admitted tu yeenyun
forin affaers...Barbary piruts
Wen Jeffersun bekame pres, 20% av federal inkum pae ransun tu pirats
along Medterranian koest av Afrika: wot is now Morokko, Algeria,
Tunisia. Bout 2 milyun $/yeer. That area is moslum & lokal warlords
klaem yu gotta be moslum or pae up. Jeffersun, the anti-military
man deside tu yuze foers tu stop the ransun. Jeffersun get ships
outta mothballs & get nuff men tu bild a nu navy (with mareens).
But took til 1804 tu get sum ships redee.
Mae 1801...the "bashaw" av Tripoli deklaer war on US as wae tu get more
munee.
1804: Komodore Ed Prebel gotu Tripolee with Konstitushun & a fyu small
ships. Frigit Filadelfia ran aground on a reef. Piruts grab it
take it off reef & muve intu harber Bad gies put ship kru in prisun.
Lutenant Dekatur sael Intrepid intu harber at nite, take ship,
& bern the Filly, so bad gies kant yuze it.
Amerikan konsol in this area=Will Eeton talk navy intu take up the
kauz av a pretender for the "throne" tu Tripolee as wae tu atak piruts.
Eeton assembel in Egypt a foers av Navy & Marinees, Greeks, arab
kalvery & a herd av kamels. Bout 200 men.
06 Mar 1805: This rag-tag "army" start west from Alexander, Egypt:
1000 miles tu Tripolee.
27 Apr 1805: 500 miles along, em atak Derma. Navy ships bombard a fort
theer. Lutenant O'Brian leed ground troops & take the fort.
Replaes lokal leeder with man Eeton like.
The Pasha in Tripolee sae him want pees. 2 sides sine a treetee.
Tern out, paper werthless. As soon as Navy go awae, the moslum
piruts go bak tu the old waes.
This littel war giv the Mareens part av theer song
"tu the shores av Tripolee".
It took til 1816 tu put down the piruts.
1803: bi Luisiana for 12 milyun $
The land from the Mississippi River tu the Rokky Mountins chaenjed
hands tween Frans & Spaen several times. It was indian land. Oenlee
wite men was at Nu Orleens & a fyu trading posts on Mississippi & on
Red River.
1 Okt 1800...sekret treetee: Spaen giv it tu Frans after Napoleon made
his brother king av Spaen.
1801 treetee bekum publik. Napoleon send fleet & army tu West Indees.
Spozed tu put down rebelyun theer, then gotu Nu Orleens.
late 1802: Guvner at Nu Orleens take awae the rite av US sitizens
tu go thru Nu Orleens. Jeffersun dont like this.
March 1803...Jefferson send James Monroe tu Frans tu bi Luisiana. Him sae
max yu kan pae=10 milyun $ for Nu Orleens & Florida. Fallbak=7.5 mil
for Nu Orleans bi itself.
French troops in West Indees go tu Hispaniola & most died av
Yello Fever. Napoleon get diskerajed. Tallyrand aproech US envoy
(Monroe in Paris) & ask "how much for Luisiana?".
30 April 1803...sine papers tu bi Luisiana for 12 milyun $ + klaems ginst
Frans. Land area= 827,192 square miles=529,402,880 akers. So
12 mil $=0.02267 $/aker...bout 2 sents/aker. The old US tu the
Mississippi River=888,685 square mile, so this almost dubel area
av USA. Setteled area much smaller...bout 100 miles deep along
the eest koest.
Legal probs: Spanish still okkupied the land...Frans never got
around tuit. Frans law sae nashunal assemblee gotta agree tu sell
NE-thang. Also a lotta vaej klaems bi many kuntrees that konflikt
with eech other. Boundrees av eech klaem very vaeg, so eech kuntree
tri tu puff-up its area.
Politikal problems at home...strikt konstitushunists sae guvt dont
hav power tu bi land from other kuntree.
20 Nov 1803: Spaen guvner in Nu Orleens hand over the land tu Frans.
20 Des 1803: Frans tern it over tu us.
Luis & Klark
Jeffersun selekt Meriwether Luis & Will Klark (Army offisers) tu
explore Luisiana. Plan: go up Mississippi & find its soers then keep
goin tu the Pasifik.
14 Mae 1804...party with 32 soldyers + 10 silvanyuns leev St Luis on
55 ft long keelboet. Em go up the Mazera River west thru wot is
now the state av Mazera. Then river go north thru dri plaens intu
wot is now North Dakota. Party winter theer with Mandan Indians.
1805: go up Mazera tu Grate Falls, Montana. Yuze kanoes tu get kross
mountins. Indian gide Sakajawea kontakt Shoshone hu suppli hoers:
go down Bittrroot vallee tu Nez Pers kuntree & a fork av the Snake River.
Bild boets & go downstreem tu Kolumbia River, then tu the see.
7 Nov 1805: Get tu the Pasifik Oeshun.
Em waet around a wile in hopes a ship will kum bi. It dont.
Go bak overland...2 partees take different wae.
1 gotu Grate falls bi short rout; other gotu Yellostone, then floet down
the Mazera River tu Ft Yuenyun.
23 Sep 1806...party bak in St Luis. Most still alive, no fites with indians.
*** Jeffersun term 2, start on 4 March 1805
Jefferson sae: spend US dollars tu bild roeds. Republikans thank him run amok.
Aron Burr
11 July 1804...Aron Burr kill Alexander Hamilton in a duel
March 1805 ...Aron Burr offer Luisiana tu the Brits for 500,000$, if em
send in a army tu grab it.
1806 Burr in Kentuky assembel foers tu make Luisiana independent kuntree
with Burr as president. Also hav plan tu then march west & annex Mexiko.
But a ko-konspirater=Jeneral Blennerhasset rat on him tu Jeffersun & plan
fall apart. Guvt tri Burr for treesun but Burr get off. Gotu Yerrop
& talk folks intu many wild skeems.
1812...bak in the states, Burr open offis as a lawyer in Nu York.
at aej=77, Burr wed rich wido (hu klaem tu hav bed Jorj Washington & Napoleon).
Burr spend all her munee & die in 1836.
forin problems
1805: War in Yerrop. Napoleon supreem in Yerrop (on land). Britian
on water. Both tri tu kut off trade with other. Both take our ships
and "impress the kru"...take the men & foers em intu Brit navy.
Brits alwaes klaem the saelers R deserters from Brit navy.
A klever diplomat wood tri tu plae 1 ginst the other. But neether
Jeffersun nor Madison was klever. In this kase, kant duit NE-wae,
kaus US navy 2 week. Jeffersun redues it tu almost nuthang. US
dont hav strength (no big stik at Teddy wood sae). Jeffersun tri
tu save munee bi bild small gunboets insted av big warships.
gunboets werthless ginst reel warships. US kant fite Brit or Frans
navy. Brit ships staed off Nu York & stopped evree ship & stold
all stuff & klaem it kame from Britian.
1807: Amerikan ministers in London got treetee weer England agree tu
eez up a littel. This smell so bad in the states, Jeffersun dont
submit it tu the senut (thus no treetee).
**** Chesapeek affaer
22 June 1807: Amerikan warship Chesapeek (frigat) hed tu see from
Norfolk. B4 her hav time tu get redee, Brit warship Lepord
kum alongside & demand her heev tu tu be borded. Kaptin sae no.
Brits blast him with brodsides, then bord her. Karry off several
men. 1 was blak & anuther a indian (no wae kan em be Brits).
Kuntree boiling mad & want war. Jeffersun take a vakashun.
**** Embargo
Okt 1807: Jefferson order more tiny gunboets.
22 Des 1807...Embargo Akt. Jeffersun sae we wont trade with NE av yu.
14 months all US merchant ships staed in port or drawed up on land.
Seemen outta werk. Many merchants went bankrupt & many muved tu Kanada.
Trade was most portant in Nu England & Nu York. Both got mad & started
plots. Napoleon grabed all US ships in French ports & Sed this is tu
help Jeffersun infoers his embargo. Embargo divide the kuntree.
Nu England threten tu seed (leev the yuenyun). Tu make it badder,
em kopy the werds the republikans yuzed wen em was mad at the
federalists bout 10 yeers B4.
1 Mar 1809...Kongress rush thru a law that end the embargo. Nu law=
"noninterkoers" akt. It sae we will trade with yu if yu stop take
our ships and men.
James Madison, 1809-1817
James Madison, president 4, 1809-1817, Republikan (original)
Madisun inherit the trade disputes with England & Frans.
1809: Madisun make deel with England that wood restore trade if England
repeel the "orders in kounsil". It ignore all the komplaents such as
England take our ships & put kru in its navy. But Brit minister
(Kanning) rejekt the treetee & skreem wild akuze at us.
16 April 1810...Kongres dont no wot tudu, so em redues the Army & Navy.
Hows that for smarts in middel av thret av war with England & Frans?
*** the west rise
Nov 1810: lotta "war Hawks" got elekted tu kongres from the west.
Theer leeder=Henree Klae bekum speeker av the hous. West blame
all theer indian trubels on England. Em want war. Em thank em
kan invade & take Kanada. That sound eezee: England is bizee in
Yerrop. Hav bout 4,000 regular army men in Kanada + 3,000 Kanadians.
Kanada hav maby 500,000 folks & half R French-kanadians hu mite not
fite for England.
Amerika hav bout 7,500,000 folks.
*** sidesho in "florida"
Florida belong tu Spaen. Sum Amerikans klaen it is part av luisiana.
1810... Amerikans in west part av "West Florida" take over Baton Ruej on
the Mississippi River. Madisun reknize this as the territory av Orleens.
1812: Orleens bekum the state av Luisiana.
Mae 1812: Kongress take next sekshun av land eest from theer & make Miss
territory.
war av 1812
********* US bigger now, hav more states
14 Vermont 4 Mar 1791
15 Kentuky 1 June 1792
16 Tenn 1 June 1796
17 Ohio 1803 (kongres never make formal deklare)
18 Luisians 1812
steps tu war
1809: Shawnee indian cheef Tecumseh form indian konfederasee, make his
home on Tippekanue kreek neer Walbash River in Indiana.
1810: Napoleon trik Madison bi sae him treet us good..wont take our ships.
2 Nov 1810: Madisun sae Frans agree & thus US will trade with Frans.
Napoleon keep taking US ships, but Madison sae him gave his werd &
thats good nuff. The law giv England 3 months tu stop 2, or US dont
trade with her. England keep taking our ships as yuzeyual.
02 March 1811...Madison stop trade with England.
*** Tippekanue
spring 1811: Indiana Guvner Willyun Henree Harrison leed 900 men north
tu tri tu find the "profet"...brother av Shawnee cheek Tecumseh.
07 Nov 1811: Indians atak at dawn. Militia rally & fite em off.
Indians flee. Harrison bekum hero in the west. Fite 2 small tu
kut the indian problems. Tecumseh is still out theer & hate witeman.
************ war: 18 June 1812 **********
Kongres deklare war with England.
***** wi war
Madisun sed kauz av war is:
1. England "impress"(steel or kidnap) our seemen & put em in Brit navy
2. many times Brit warships sael in US waters
3. if we R tu not trade with em we need tu embargo em=send ships tu
blok english ports
sum kall it the war for "free trade & saeler rites".
Nu England & Nu York was ginst war & start a susesshun muvement.
The west was for war kauz theer was alwaes the indian problem &
fronteersmen R shuer Britian arm & stir up the indians. Westerners
want tu take Kanada as the oenlee wae tu end the indian problem.
The indian konfederasee under Tecumseh alarm the west.
06 July 1812 ...Kongres go home. Du NOT du NE-thang bout navy.
kongres was an idiot... Enemee hav best navy in the werld.
kompare the 2 sides
It seems "evreewon" thank it will be a land war, maenlee in Kanada.
Em ignore fakt England is a Seepower & want tu yuze her warships.
At this time US navy is a joke.
In 1810 sensus, US hav 7.25 milyun folks. Kanada hav bout
500,000. In 1812, Britian is bizee in Yerrop=fite Napoleon & kant
send much tu fite Amerika. That will chaenj.
US army resentlee bilt up tu 7000 men. & hav 50,000 militia.
Brits had 5,000 regular troops in Kanada & theer vershun av militia.
Indians alwaes fite with Brits ginst US. On the fronteer, the lokal
militia yuzeyually was the army.
*** men & leeders
Top army jenral=Henree Deerborn=61 yeers old, fited in the
revolushunary war. Terned out him forgot evreethang him mite hav
noed then. 2nd=James Wilkinson. Faemus for konsort with sekret
ajent for spaen. Evreewon sae him never win a fite but win evree
kort marshal. All other jenrals had never ben in a fite. Got job
from famlee konnekshuns. Nun was werth a dam.
30 yeers sins end av revolushunary war. Most politishuns from
then R ded or so old, em not aktiv. A nu jenerashun av men run
the guvt. Nun hav NE speereeans with war. First 2 yeers av war
test all in guvt & military. In time, weed out the morons.
1 nu leeder rise...Jenral Andru Jaksun.
Brits hav military that spend last 20+ yeers tu fite Frans.
Wons her beet Frans, kan send good military leeders & troops with
lotta speereeans.
yeer1=1812: fronteer fite...bad nuz
The fronteermen started several thrusts intu kanada from wae out
west. Lokal leeders such as guvners bekum jenral in lokal army.
Yuzeyually the guvner raez the army & leed it. Most had never ben
in military. Eech go atak neerest Brit fort or outpost.
Note that most land fite was west av the Allegaenees=much farther
west than the revolushun war. And most in Amerikan army kum from
that area. Mass & Konn refuze tu suppli theer militia wen Feds
kall for em.
Guvt in DC did NOT organize NE-thang. No plans, no help, no
supplies, no advies from military theer. Did NOT raes a naeshunal
army & send part av it tu atak Kanada.
If yu look at Kanada from abuv, the wae tu atak is:
1. hed for the hart av Kanada=Quebek or Ontario.
2. blok the St Larens River so England kant bring army or supplies.
Nowon in power thank av that, or at leest nowon tri it.
*** Detroit
Detroit is oenlee reel town in Mishigan...800 folks. 200 miles av
forest from settelments along the Ohio River (no roeds). The path
from the south go 60 miles along Lake Erie=subjekt tu Brit ataks as
em kontrol the water. Hav a fort in raenj av guns on other side av
Detroit River, but NOT on hi ground.
Feb 1812: Guvner William Hull av Mishigan terratory gotu Wash DC &
talk tu jenral Deerborn bout how tu atak Kanada. Deerborn told
him: gotu Detroit & skare em. Then Brits will take her ships
that kontrol the Grate Lakes & run awae. Save us the kost av
tri tu bild gunboets on the lake tu fite the Brits.
President Madisun agree tu Deerborn's plan tu send foers up Lake
Champlaen tuward Montreal, atak at Niagara & Detroit. Army oenlee.
*** Will Hull
25 Mae 1812: Will Hull get army av 1,200 Ohio volunteers. Later it
gro tu 2,000. Hull march north tuward Detroit B4 war deklared.
Wen reech the Miami River, him put hevee stuff on a small ship Kuyahoga
& send it tu Detroil. Also a trunk that inkluded his orders & plans.
Brits neer Detroit lern bout the war B4 hull. Guvner & jenral
av Ontario (upper Kanada)=Isaak Brok=good jenral with lotta speereeans.
Brok bilded a navy that kontrol Lake Erie.
02 July 1812: Brits take the ship & get Amerikan plans.
Kaptured plans tell him maen atak is at Niagara, so him put most
av his foers theer.
05 July 1812: Hull get tu Detroit.
12 July 1812: Hull kross river neer wot is now Winsor. But then sit
around & dont atak small Brit foers in the area. Hull send many
letters that ask for supplies & for atak ginst Niagara. Brits
intersept maelman & take the letters.
06 Aug 1812: Hull quit Kanada, go bak tu Detroit. Never fire a shot.
Guvner Brok send kernel Prokter with 300 men in sael boets tu
Brit fort Malden, kros river from Detroit.
12 Aug 1812: Brit soldyers get tu fort Malden. Then Tecumseh kum with
600 men.
17 Jul 1812: Outpost on the Su (river tween Lake Superior & lake Huron)
surrender tu Brits. Hull was kross the Detroit River in Ontario.
Hull retreet tu Detroit. Small foers at Shekago spozed tu join him,
but indians kill em.
15 Aug 1812: Brits kross river & fire kannon at Detroit fort.
16 Aug 1812: Hull surrender without a fite.
*** Shekago (Fort Deerborn)
12 Aug 1812: Kaptin Will Wells get tu Ft Deerborn with order for em tu
leev (run awae).
15 Aug 1812: Soldyers with wemen & kids leev. Bout 1 our later indians
atak, kill half & take other half.
Kentuk kongressman terned jenral with 2000 Kentuk militiamen start
north intu Illinois territory. But the "flower av Kentuk" wilt,
tern around & go home.
*** Niagara
Brok muve most av his men tu Niagara area: 1,600 men+ 300 indians.
Amerikans kollekt 6,000 militia on other side av river. Boss=
jenral Steev Van Rensselaer= Nu York federalist with no military
speerens. Helper=kernal Solomon Van Rensselaer hu fited in the
revolushunary war.
Brits hav fort Jorj & almost kros river from it is Amerikan
Fort Niagara. Both neer weer Niagara River emptee intu Lake Ontario.
Rensselaer's plan: send jenral Smith with 1600 men tu Lake Ontario
& march tu get behind Brit Fort Jorj. Rensselaer tu kross river
bout 10 miles upstreem. Smith dont like the plan & dont go.
10-12 Okt 1812: several fawls starts bi Rensselaer fall apart.
13 Okt 1812: Amerikan kaptin Jon Wool leed small US detachment intu Kanada
neer Niagara & attak Queenston hites. Nu York militia refuze tu join
the fite. Em watch the fite kross river & dont du nuthun.
Jenral Rensselaer hert bad bi bullet. Kernel Winfeeld Skot take
over. Bi mid afternoon, bout 1,000 Brit soldyers & 700 Amerikans.
Brit jenral Brok run tu the fite, leed charj, killed bi bullet.
Brits charj with indians in front & wipe out the Amerikans.
Jenral Alex Smyth take over Amerikan army at Niagara: make a lotta
speeches, but dont du nuthang. Hav bout 6,000 men.
Later got elekted tu kongres & make many speeches & dont du nuthun.
28 Nov 1812: planned atak start with small fite neer Blak Rok. Wen sun
kum up, Smith put 2,000 men in boets, put em in water, then tern
around & go bak. Soldyers so mad em, foers Smith tu skedyuel nuther
atak...1 Des. Him kall offisers for advies. Em dont like it, so
Smith kansel.
*** Lake Champlaen
Jenral Henri Deerborn late in yeer muve 6,000 men tu Plattsberg
on Lake Champlaen. Plan is go north & take Montreal.
19 Nov 1812: Jenral Deerborn march 20 miles north. Blunder intu
Kanadans kummin south. Small fite. Kanadans flee first. Amerikan
militia get lost & fire at eech other. Then militia deside tu quit
& go home.
1812, war at see
Britian rule the sees. Hav 600 warships. Inklude 120 "ships av
the line", 116 frigates. 8 Brit warships neer US koest wen war start.
US stil hav 3 old frigates (Konstitushun, United Sstates, President)
Bilded tu fite piruts in the Med. Em was first klass warships.
And 12 nuer frigates Federalists ordered wen looked like war
with Frans. Also small gunboets Jeffersun made that R werthless.
18 July 1812: Konstitushun (Old Ironsides), kaptain= Isaak hull=nefyu
av the Hull that lost the not-fite at Detroit. Konstitushun meet
4 brit friguts. No wind. All ships put men in boets tu pull em.
Hull tri tu flee. Roe all dae. Next morn, Brit battelship join.
At noon, get sum wind & hull pull awae from the Brits, gotu Boston.
19 Aug 1812: 750 miles eest av Boston, Hull spot Brit ship Guerrier.
Muve around for wile as both kaptins tri tu get best relativ spot.
Then Hull put on all sael & hed for the Brits. Get tu 50ft awae.
Aft 15 minuts, Gurriere is a krippel.
17 okt 1812 small ship Wasp beet HMS Frolik. Tri tu toe her prize
home, but bigger Brit warship (Poictiers) kum & Wasp gotta go.
25 Okt 1812: United States (Stefen Dekatur) beet up Brit frigate
Masedonian & toe her tu Nu London (get theer 4 Des)
29 Des 1812: Konstitushun (kaptin Bainbridj) destroy HMS Java
The navy viktrees helped morral at home.
Nov-Des 1812: Kongress order nu ships: 4 "men-av-war" & 6 frigates.
2 late, war ended B4 NE av em was redee.
1813
*** 1813: war at see:
Britian sent over warships & kloes US ports along eest koest. Most US
warships stuk in port. Kaptin Lawrens in Chesapeek tri tu leev,
meet HMS Shannon. Chesapeek sunk. Brit fleet enter Chesapeek Bae
& raed lands at will.
1813, the West
**** Northwest (Ohio & Mishikan)
Jan 1813: Willyun Henri Harrison hav 6,500 men in Ohio. Him order
Jenral Winchester with 1,200 kentuk "long nifes" tu go north tu
Maumee Rapids. Get theer 10 Jan. Get kall for help from small
town av Frenchtown, 35 mile north.
17 Jan 1813: Kernel Will Luis with 550 men atak indiands & French &
kleer em out.
19 Jan 1813: Jenral Winchester go north with 300 men, kamp next tu
kreek & then jenral stae on the other side.
22 Jan 1813: Kanada jenral Prokter atak with artilry, then indians
charj & skalp 100. Brits kapchuer Winchester. Winchester surrender.
Prokter agreed tu protekt prisuners & the hert. Dont duit. Indians
skalp all wuended.
Harrison blunder around bout 1 month more, then fade awae.
Spring 1813: Amerikans under Harrison R in Fort Meigs.
1 Mae 1813: Kanada Prokter muve tu Fort Meigs with 1,000 men + 1,200 Indians.
Harrison send out 2 foerses on different sides av the river.
Men on south side take Brit artillery. North side: 800 men under
kernel Dudlee go good at first, but 1 gruep get lost & bump intu
indians. Dudlee gotu help em, chase em intu maen Brit kamp.
All Amerikans killed, most bi indians & most aft surrender.
9 Mae 1813: Indians dezert, so Prokter go bak tu Kanada.
****** Kanada: grate lakes
US now hav sekratary av war=Jon Armstrong. Him order jenral
Deerborn tu invade Kanada & take Kingston (west end av StLawrens)
Bakup goel=York (kapital av ontario). No menshun av Montreal or Quebek.
Both sides bild gunboets on the grate lakes. Amerikan top
kommander= Isaak Chaunsee. Oliver Hazard Perry kommand Lake Erie.
Him bild ships at Erie, Penn. Hav 5 gunboets bi summer.
27 Apr 1813: On Lake Ontario, Chaunsee put ashore 1,600 men under enral
Zebulon Pike. Take town av York. Men blo up Brit supplies theer.
1 big splode thro many roks in aer & kill 53 Amerikans inklude
jenral Pike. Men get mad & bern down Brit guvt bildings.
27 Mae 1813: jenral Deerborn with 4,000 men atak Ft Jorj. Brits leev
& go west. Deerborn slo tu chase. Brits sukseed at ambush 2 small
grueps av Amerikan soldyers. Madison fire Deerborn.
10 Sep 1813: 2 fleets meet at Put-in-Bae at west end av Lake Erie.
Amerikan ships manned bi militia (not saelers). US win. Kaptin
Perry sae "We met the enemee, & em R ours".
Prokter retreet.
26 Sep 1813: Harrison get tu Detroit. Kanada troops leev B4 him get theer.
05 Okt 1813: battel av the Thames: Kentuk militia kill Tecumseh.
Brits flee. US take lotta Brit supplies.
*** Niagara
10 Des 1813: Brits kross neer Niagra, take Fort Jorj, then Fort Niagara.
Most av the militia was neer end av theer term & melted awae erlee.
Thus oenlee 100-200 men with guns left. At Fort Niagara, em leev
gate open & indians walk in & slotter em.
Indians run wild & terrerize area.
***** Kanada, Lake Champlaen & St Lawrens
Jenral James Wilkinson replaes Deerborn. Him get letter from
Sekratary Armstrong that tell him tu go north on 19 Mae. Him get
tu Wash DC on 31 July. See how fast him muve?
As so many times B4, Amerikans redee tu tri tu invade Kanada in late
fall, just as wether tern kold. Men gotta suffer bi march & fite
in deep sno & froze or half-froze water.
17 Okt 1813: 300 boets sael tu take big foers tu the mouth av St Lawrens.
Get theer 5 Nov.
25 Okt 1813: Jenral Hampton (under Wilkinson) march from Platsberg on
Lake Champlaen. Meet 1,500 French-Kanadas under Prevost. Hav 1 fite.
Draw. Hampton retreet & go intu winter kamp.
Nov 1813: Wilkinson get tu 70 miles av Montreal, fite French militia.
Atak in sno & muddy slush. Him tern around & go home.
1814
April 1814: Napoleon surrender tu Brit-led army. England free tu smash US.
England plan tu invade from Niagara, Lake Champlaen, & Nu Orleans.
But bi now US army better. It got rid av most av the ninkumpueps.
***** 1814: Kanada, Niagara area
03 July 1814: US Jenral Brown ferree 5000 men kross the Niagara River
& take Fort Erie,Kanada. Then go north along Niagara River.
** Chippewa
05 July 1814: Brits attak Winfeeld Skot at Chippewa. Em fite Yerropeon
stile: ranks av men in lines walk kross open feeld tuward eech other.
At preset distans, stop, fire, relode, march. Brits flee.
** Lundys Lane
25 July 1814: Lundy's Lane: Skot start fite, Jenral Brown kum & join.
it was a standoff. Both sides luze bout 40% av theer men.
Portant kauz it stop Brits from invade from Niagara area. It sho
an Amerikan army with good leeder kan now take on the best the Brits
hav. Overall fite is a draw.
Sep 1814: US blo up Ft Erie & retreet tu US side av Niagara River.
***** 1814: Kanada, Lake Camplaen (platsberg)
Brits now hav 29,000 redkoet soldyers in Kanada...vets av Yerrop fites.
Aug 1814: Brit Jenral Jorj Prevost neer Montreel go south in Lake
Champlaen area with 18,000 Brit soldyers (regulars). Plan tu go
bi the lake, then south tu Hudsun River, the Nu York Sitee.
03 Aug 1814: 11,000 soldyers march south
06 Sep 1814: Prevost muve tu Platsberg on Lake Champlaen.
11 Sep 1814...nuther ship fite with boets eech side bild on the lake
& man with army men. Amerika hav Tom Macdonold. Him win ship fite.
Prevost go bak tu Kanada.
Brits bern Washington DC
July 1814...Brit admiral Kochrane & army Jenral Robert Ross in Bermuda
get orders tu gotu Chessapeek Bae & bern evreethang em kan.
22 Aug 1814: Brits land army av 4,000 regulars. Brit army march heer
& theer & destroy evreethang em kan. President Madison kall for
95,000 militia tu form army. 7,000 sho up. Fite at Blakenberg,
bout 5 mile from DC. Militia brake & run from 500 Brit soldyers.
24 Aug: Brits bern DC.
** Baltimore
Brits sail tu Baltimore, bombard Fort McHenree, get nuthang.
Top man=Admiral Kochrane.
Jenral Jorj Armisted in Fort McHenri hav 1000 men.
12 Sep: Brits land soldyers hu atak defenses at North Point, 3 miles
from Baltimore.
12 Sep: Brit Jenral Skot killed in a small raed on land.
13 Sep: 19 Brit warships bombard Ft McHenree. Yuze Kongreev rokkets=
big firewerks displae. Ships withdraw beyond raenj av kannon in fort.
Bombard fort for bout 25 ours. Fire bout 1,800 kannon balls.
Littel hert tu fort. Brits go home.
US get the Star Spangeled Banner bi Fransis Skot Kee.
Andru Jaksun, Kreeks, Nu Orleens
****** Jenral Andru Jaksun from Tennessee bekum faemus at Nu Orleens
1813-14: Andru Jaksun av Tenn appoint self "Jenral" av Tenn militia, raes
2500 militia & sum freendlee indians tu fite the Kreeks ("red stiks").
In area now Alabama, part av Jorjya & Florida. At first, the militia
tend tu run or drift awae, but Jaksun hang leeders av rebels &
huever tri tu run awae. This wip em intu shape.
** Horseshu Bend (middel av Alabam)
27 Mar 1814: Jaksun brake the Kreeks at Hoersshue Bend (Tallapoosa River).
Kreeks luze 550 men. Most luze will tu fite. But sum muve tu
Florida and join Seminoles.
09 Aug 1814: Kreeks sine treety at Fort Jaksun.
*** Brits take ports in Florida
Aug 1814: Brits land at Pensakola, Florida, form Kreeks & runawae slaves
intu a militia. Andru Jaksun is in Mobile, Alabam.
7 Nov 1814: Jaksun take Pensakola (without NE orders from Washington).
*** Nu Orleens
Apparently Brits wanted Nu Orleens bekauz so much trade goods sit
on the doks theer & as a prize her kan yuze in the pees talks.
Brit fleet that was in the Cheasapeek Bae gotu Jamaeka.
Jaksun thot Brits was gonna land at Mobile & stae theer til late Nov.
26 Nov 1814: Brit Admiral Kochrane sael ahed for Nu Orleens.
7,500 Brit troops to follo wen em get loded onto ships.
Brit top Jenral=Ed Pakenham.
Jaksun will hav 5000 men, mostlee militia.
01 Des 1814: Jaksun get tu Nu Orleens with bout 2,000 men.
14 Des 1814: Brit ships overweelm defending ships. Brits land at
Lake Borgne & march thru swamps & along "bayou" (biyu).
20 Des 1814: 3,000 Tenn volunteers get tu Nu Orleens.
23 Des 1814: Brit army 7 miles from Nu Orleens.
23 Des 1814: Jaksun atat at nite. Ship Karolina blast brit kamp bout 7pm.
Then army atak. Wild disorged maelae in the dark. This fite delae
& konfuze Brits long nuff tu bild defenses.
Jaksun retreet tu 5 miles from Nu Orleens & dig in. Made kotton
baels faemus as defens ginst bullets.
28 Des 1814: first Brit atak ginst US defens fael.
Brits bring up big navy guns.
****** note: pees treetee sined in Des 1814, but nuz dont get tu Amerika
1 Jan 1815: Brits bombard the line, dont du much.
Then Brit army charj & bounch off.
Brits bring up more men, now hav 8,000.
8 Jan 1815: The big fite for Nu Orleens...full Brit foers atak.
Kentuk militia flee. That leev hole in defens line. Brit jenral
ignore this grate opportunity. Brit attak kross open feeld ginst
solid defens: 5300 Brit army regulars with speerans fite Napoleon.
3,500 Amerikans in defens line. Jenral Pakeham luze 2,000 men &
his life. Several other Brit jenrals die in this atak.
US luze 13 ded, 58 hert.
18 Jan 1815: Brits get on ships & sael awae.
pees talks (war av 1812)
(Treetee av Ghent)
Pees talks started wen the war started, but with long times av nuthang
& never NE progress. In the end, oenlee thang em agree on is tu stop fiting.
England absolutelee refuzed tu even talk bout the thangs that kauzed the
war. Maen kauz: Brit navy take ships & men NE-time em feel like it.
24 Aug 1814: Big Brit propose:
1. US gotta giv up bout half av Ohio area tu for Indian Naeshun tu
form buffer tween US & Kanada.
2. Brits take awae Maen
3. US giv up rite tu fish in Grand Banks
4. Brit tu hav total kontrol av all grate lakes
30 Okt 1814: Nuz bout Baltimore & Lake Champlaen get tu London.
Now Brits get seereeus. Luze the fite at Platsberg was the kee.
4 Nov 1814: Brits offer Duke av Wellington kommand av the War in Amerika.
Duke sae: make pees.
Britian is tired from many yeers av wars & hi taxes. Folks bak home
want out.
18 Nov 1814: Brits drop the demand US gotta giv awae land tu Brits & indians.
******* treety
24 Des 1814: both sides sine Treetee av Ghent (sitee in Beljum).
It oenlee end the war. It dont settel NE av the thangs us fite for.
Later, em form a boundree kommission tu werk on the disputes over
weer US & Kanada meet. This setel most such disputes later.
War av 1812 is lessun on wi tu NOT gotu war, how tu NOT fite the war,
how NOT tu organize kuntree for war, how tu NOT leed armees,
& how tu NOT make treetees. The war reinfoersed the mith we kan
fite wars with militia & thus dont need an army. 1 lessun lerned
was the value av the navy...this time the guvt did NOT dismantel
the navy after the war.
13 Feb 1815: nuz bout the treety get tu Wash DC.
******* Nu England
Nu England was bitter apposed tu the war av 1812 even tho war was good
for it. Took til Mae 1814 for brits tu extend the blokaed tu Nu England.
The Yankees traded with enemee, freend, & nuetrals alike. War stimulated
faktrees...Spinning kotten intu thred started during the war & bekame
a nu wae av life theer.
**** 1814: Brits okkupied koest av Maen (then part av Mass)
6 Okt 1814: Mass summon Nu England Konvenshun at Hartford tu
"take meshures tu revise konstitushan".
15 Des 1814: em meet in sekret at Hartford.
5 Jan 1815: Moderats got kontrol & toned down the kalls tu get outta
the yuenyun. The war end B4 em kan du NE more.
era av feel good: 1815-1823 (aft war av 1812)
Presidents=Madison (1809-1817) & Monroe (1817-1825)
James Monroe, president 5, 1817-1825, Republikan (original)
Other big men=Henry Klae & Jon C Kalhoon
majer events: take Florida, Mazera kompromise, monroe doktrin
nu states: Indiana (1816), Mississippi (1817), Illinois (1818)
Alabama (1819)
***** jenral
June 1815: Napoleon luze at Waterlu. Yerrop hav 100 yeeers av mostly
pees. Britanna rule the sees & bild biggest empire. This keep
Yerropeons off our bak. US kan gro in pees
England dont hate us as much & dont tri tu make war. Kommishun
with Kanada, settel border disputes. Part get rid av forts along
border with Kanada.
Virjinya republikans kontrol US guvt, but adopt many federalist
programs.
Sekshunal interests die down. Most folks bekum aware av naeshun.
West gro fast. More states in yuenyun. Faktrees & industree
bekum more portant than trade. King kotton spred along gulf koest.
Kotton bekum portant export.
***** supreem kort make portant rules that last tudae
1815: Supreem kort sae the Bank av US is legit. Maryland tried tu
tax the bank & Marshal sed
"the power tu tax is the power tu destroy"
& "guvt is av the peepl; it emanate from them. peepl grant guvt
its power" This underkut the states rites nois.
& "guvt is av limited power, but is supreem in its speer".
i.e. states R belo it.
Marshal rejekted a argument that a state kan withhold its milita
wen president kall it out.
***** ekonomee
1816: Republikans dust off Hamiltons Manufacture Report. Charter
sekond Bank av the United States.
kongress pass tariff dezined tu protekt nu industree.
1817:
Nu York start bild the Erie Kanal...from Albany tu lake Erie
neer Niagara. In time, this make Nu York Sitee biggest port.
Steemboet go up Mississippi from Nu Orleens tu Sinsanati, Ohio.
1820: frate rate av steemboet: cheeper from Ohio tu Nu Orleens than
tu Filly or Baltimore (mostlee roed, sum kanal).
1821: Monroe reelekted & got all but 1 elektor vote.
The old bugabu bout states rites bubbel up now and agin...NEtime
a state thank nashunal polasee hert it.
1828: Jon C Kalhoon av South Karolina rite textbooks on states rites.
***** Kanada
28 Apr 1817: Treetee with England tu limit gunboets on the grate lakes.
(Rush-Bagot)
Koodnt agree on boundree tween Mane & Kanada...took til 1842 tu duit.
???????????? line tween Nu York & Kanada=45 degrees north.
1818 boundree west from Lake av the Woods=49 degrees north west tu the
"Stony Mountins" (Rokky Mountins).
Area west av that kalled Oregon left nondefined.
***** the west
The west wanted Nashunal roeds from eest intu Ohio valee.
Monroe veto all sept the Kumberland roed tu Weeling (now West Virjinya).
Later this roed extended tu Illinois & bekame US 40.
Land: 1800: redues blok size from 640 tu 160 akers.
1796-1 July 1820, Fed guvt sold 19.4 milyun akers for 47.7 milyun $
at 2$/aker. But took bak 5.7 mil akers wen bier dont pae.
1820: 1.25$/aker, min size=80 akers (100$), no kredit.
Slaves, north & south, 1815-1823
1787: Kongres forbid slaves in the northwest territory bak in the konfederashun
(konstitushun ratified as av 11 Mar 1789)
Kongress never sae NE-thang bout slaves in the Luisiana area.
1789: North & South hav bout same number folks.
1800's: divide line tween north & south= south border av Penns land.
(Mason-dixon line)
1808: kongress outlaw "slave trade"...now not legal tu bring slaves intu US.
But smugglers bring in a lot more slaves & make a lotta munee.
1820: North=5.2 milyun, South=4.5 mil
North hav more kongressmen & thus kan kontrol kongress if it yunite.
South insist gotta keep as many slave states as north so that
senut will be dedlokked. This kauz a pattern av admit 2 states
at same time, 1 in north & 1 in south.
Feb 1819: Mazera appli tu bekum state. Slave oeners kontrol politiks
theer. Em wanna be slave state. James Tallmadj av Nu York tri tu
chaenj the statehood bill tu prohibit muve more slaves intu Mazera.
Also hav all born tu a slave bekum free wen 25 yrs old. It pass hous,
die in senut. It brot the slave issue bak tu life. South boiling
mad. North ginst slaves in Mazera kauz it is north av the mason-dixon
line...the established line tween north & south.
*** Mazera kompromise
1820: Kongres make law that let in Mazera with Maen as free state tu
balans the 1 more slave state. Now hav 12 slave & 12 free states.
No slaves in Luisiana territory north av 36-30.
Nu law sae south hav the rite tu make more slave states.
North thank this law solidifi the prinsapal that kongres kan ban
slaves weer it want tu.
1820: kongress sae slave traeder same as pirut & guvt kan hang em.
*** Florida
1817: Indian war ginst Seminole Indians start in South (Alabama).
Andru Jaksun raes 2,500 Tenn volunteers tu fite em. Jaksun go on
& take Pensakola, Florida. Florida belong tu Spaen. But her oenlee
hav a few forts=small villaej. Lotta indians theer. Brit traders
kum in & trade with indians. Hav yuzeyual indian problems as on
all fronteers. Many thank Brits behind the trubel.
07 April 1818: Andru Jaksun march Tenn militia intu St Marks.
Him arrest Brit trubelmaker=Arbuthnot & sum Seminole cheefs.
Later arrest Arbuthnot as spi, kort sae giltee & hanged him.
Then gotu Suwanee river. Indians exkape tu Everglades.
25 Mae: Jaksun take Pensakola. This konvins Spaen tu sell Florida.
This made Calhoon (Sekratary av war) mad & him tri tu kort-marshal
Andru Jaksun. The 2 R foes from then on. Jon Quinsee Adams
talked Monroe intu drop the kort-marshal.
22 Feb 1819: Spaen sell Florida for 5 milyun $. It also spesified the
border tween Mexiko & Luisiana Terratory.
*** far west: west av the Rokee Mountins...Oregon
Several Yerropeon kuntrees had vaej klaems tu vareeus areas.
Spaen okkupied Mexiko & had setlers & outposts sprinkeled north.
Jenral name "Oregon" applied tu big, nondefined area. US klaem
part av it based on Kaptin Grae hu found the Kolumbia River in 1792.
US & Kanada hav a fyu fur trappers in the area. Unrited agree
tu let both du wot em want in Oregon for now. US bi klaems av Spaen &
Rushya.
1846: US & Kanada extend 49 degree boundry west tu Pasifik, sept for
Viktoria Ieland=in Kanada.
forin affaers, 1815-1823
At end av war av 1812, Grate Lakes area was "armed tu the teeth".
Pres sold all the gunboets up theer. Army down tu 6000 men bi 1820.
16 Nov 1815, US propose treetee with Britin tu limit arms on the lakes.
29 Apr 1817: England agree.
It took a seerees av kommittees, mediaters, & wot not tu deside the
boundree tween Maen & Kanada (in 1842).
A kommission set border tween Nu York & Kanada at 45 deg west tu
St Lawrens River, then along the rivers & lakes.
1818: Agree tu 49 deg north from Mississippi River tu "Stony Mountins".
for border tween US & Kanada.
***** Monroe Doktrin...2 Des 1823
1815: theer R 2 independent states in the Amerikas: US & Haiti. Then
vast areas rebel ginst Spaen. Got free 1 time, but Spaen send Army
and retake most av em.
Jan 1817: Jose San Martin march from Argentian tu Chile tu free it.
Simon Bolivar fite in Venezuela. US was talking with Spaen bout
bi Florida & dont wanna rok the boet. Sekratary av state=
Jon Quinsee Adams spekt all thees wood bekum small tirants. Him
dont see NE hope av demokrasee in Latin Amerika. US was fraed
Yerropeon kuntrees wood meddel & tri tu make nu kolonees.
1822: most av South & Sentral Amerika win war ginst Spaen=independent.
8 Mar 1822: US reknize 5 & send diplomats.
1823: Frans invade Spaen & many spekt Frans tu tri tu take old Spaen kolonees.
England propose joint Anglo-Amerikan tu keep Frans out. Bold nu
idea, 2 bold. After months av thank bout it, Monroe go alone.
Rushya expand intu Alaska & made dirty komments bout "republikans"
This make Monroe mad.
2 Des 1823: Monroe speech:
1. In the Amerikas, free states R not tu bekum fyucher kolonees
2. If NE Yerropeon kuntree tri tu extend "theer system" tu the Amerikas,
this is "Danjerus tu pees".
3. If Yerropeon kuntrees wanna fite mung self, we will stae outta it.
Basikally, him told Yerrop tu butt out.
Jon Quinsee Adams...1825-1829
Jon Quinsee Adams, president 6, 1825-1829, Federalist
1824: 5 run for president; nun get 50+% in "lektoral kollej" This
was the last kleen elekshunl After this all lekshuns R kontest
tu see hu kan thro most lies & mud. Jaksun got 99 votes, but not
nuff lekters, so hous vote for president (bi states). JQ Adams
win. This leev many mad. Jaksun sed politishuns steel the lekshun.
JQ Adams was protant "minister" under Monroe, feeld=forin polasee.
JQ wanted tu bild roeds & Kanals, sientifik expadishuns, kollejes,
bild a navy, & made DC the kulchuer kapital av the werld. Didnt
happen. Sekshun interests broke out agin. Jaksun supporters
sed em was robbed. Favorit suns in several states got mad.
1825: Erie Kanal open, Nu York Sitee bekum biggest sitee.
1826: first hoers-pulled raelroed in USA.
4 July 1826: Tom Jeffersun & Jon Adams die...50 yeers aft deklare independens.
July 1828: kongres pass the "tarif av abominashuns".
1828: The lekshun av 28 was the first av the modern dirty kampaens:
absurd lies bi the skore, innuendo bi the duzen, imajinary korrupshun
evreeweer. The old federalist & republikan partees fade awae.
Jaksun & folloers bekum "demokrats"...the kommon man.
Jaksun got the fronteersman, kommon man in Northeest, & farmers in the
south. Jaksun was ginst the hi-brow refined gentelmen bak eest.
The West gro in power & now is swing area; north & south fite for
votes av folks in the west. It was desided bi personality:
Farmers, fronteermen, downtrodden, poor like Jassun. Him win big.
Andru Jaksun:1829-1837
Andru Jaksun, president 7, 1829-1837, demokrat
This was a period av big "names": Adams, Klae, Webster, Van Buren,
Kalhoon. Jaksun was "Old Hikree" or the "Jeneral". Him started a
nu era in Amerikan politiks. After Jaksun kame a seerees av names
mired in muk: nowon remember em. Historeeans berate em. Nun werth
a hill av beens. Jaksun born in bakwoods Karolina. Never gotu skuel.
Jaksun was kommon (many sed krude). Big kontrast tu the
"men av letters" from the Virjinya aristrotrasee.
1787: muve tu Tenn at aej=20. Never gotu skuel. Reed law books & bekum
lawyer. Him ended the "Virjinya Dynastee" av lerned skolars av latin
& Greek. Also ended NE chans av honest men in guvt. Him tried tu get
rid av the "elektoral kolleej" bi hav voters elekt the president.
Jaksun see evreethang as blak or wite...no shades av grae. If yer
not for him, yer ginst him. He was also yuzed tu kommand...spekt
tu be obaed at wons & dont tolerate slakkers.
Jaksun did 1 thang no other president ever du (even tudae)...
him paed off the nashunal debt.
1829: the lo-life take over, er I meen the kommon man. The hi-brows R out.
sum kall it "Jaksonian Demokrasee". It kater tu averaej man=dum &
nonskueled. Jaksun sed "the dutees av publik offis is so simpel, NE
averaej man is qualified. Wig opponets invent the jaksass as a satire
bout Jaksun=rude, ignorant, kuntree bumpkin. Demokrats adopt it with
gusto. After sweer-in at Kapital, Jaksun ride hoers tu wite hous.
Big mob follo him, go inside wite hous: elbo tu elbo. Jaksun jump
out bak windo tu get awae. Kommon man is krude. Mob kruder.
***** spoils...Jaksun introdused the spoils tu the Federal guvt. It was
alredee kommon in sum states, most notabel in Nu York. Basik idea:
fire evreewon & replaes em with yer folloers. Jaksun replaes 40%
= nu hi.
Martin Van Buren= sekratary av state is oenlee apointee with NE
talent. Nowon from Nu England or Virjinya in his kabnet.
1831: Alexis de Tocquevill kalled it the end av cultivated manners.
***** publik werks & "distribushun"
The west was for publik werks such as roeds & kanals, but wanted the
states, not feds tu duit. Henree Klae kame up with "distribution":
munee from sale av land in the west gotu states. More land a state
sale, the more munee it get.
Jaksun politiks: nullifi & tarif
Kalhoon av South Karolina voted for the tarif av 1816 tu enkeraej
industree. Kalhoon see it is good tu yuze kotton heer insted av export
it. Wi not put in kotten spinners & make thred & kloth? In praktis,
south kant kompeet with north. Faktree managers not as tuff as in
north. Slave laber dont hav NE insintiv tu werk & thus dont du much.
Nu land in the west fill with farms, kuntree gro more kotton.
Kotton pries fall. This hert the south eest koest. Kotton is hard
on the land & weer it out. South Karolina kant gro nuff tu make a buk.
Former aristokrats R now dirt poor...rite kombo av pride, povertee,
& resent outsiders. The south blame the north for its problems.
South no longer hav same numbers as north & thus kant foers wot it
want thru kongres.
Charleston bekum the senter for outkries bout "states rites".
Em kum up with the idea av "nullifikashun": that a state kan kansel a
federal law. Its based on theer idea the konstitushun is a "kompakt"
tween states. Thus the states made the konstitushun & thus states
R "sovern" (rule). This is hogwash. In 1828, South Karolina kongres
passed a statement that define nullifikashun. It sed state guvt kan
stop NE fed law it want.
Wen Jaksun bekams pres, south thot him wood get rid av the tarif
av 1828. After 2 yeers av nuthang, south reliaze em gotta bargin
with the West: yu skratch mi bak & i'll skratch yers. Politiks bekum
sekshunal: north, south, west. If south want tu kut or kill tarif,
it gotta make deel tu support sumthang west want such as distribushun.
North want the tarif, so it bargin with west.
29 Des 1829: Senater Foot av Konn propose kongress look intu kut bak land
sales. Senater Benton av Mazera denouns him as a barefaes kapitalist.
Senater Hayn av South Karolina make nies-nies tu Benton. Tipikal
politikal round & round.
Danyel Webster speech
26 Jan 1830: Danyel Webster repli tu a speech bi South Karolina senater
Hayne.
Webster: "if I look beyon the yuenyun, I see the dark reses. I dont
kuelly wae the chans tu preserv liberty if the bounds that yunite us
shall be broke asunder. I'm not yuzed tu hang over the precipis av
disyuenyun tu see if I kan see the depths...
...Liberty and yuenyun, now & forever, 1 and nonseparabel"
In other werds, Webster sae Hayn propose tu destroy the yuenyun.
In time the idea av yuenyun is werth fiting for...see the sivil war.
1830: Jaksun at party toest: "Federal Yuenyun...it must be preserved".
Kalhoon repli: "The yuenyun...next tu liberty, the most deer".
14 July 1832: Henree Klae get a nu tarif thru kongres. Kalhoon dont
like it. South Karolina hav a state konvenshun.
24 Nov 1832: It sae the tarrif is "unauthorized bi konstitushun, null,
void, and no law, not binding on this state". This
"ordins av nullifikashun" sae fed ofishals kant kollekt tarif in
South Karolina aft 1 Feb 1833. & if yu tri tu, us will leev the
Yuenyun & blokade the harber. Jaksun send more troops tu forts
neer Charleston. Jaksun gave a speech that basikally sed kalhoon
is nuts. South Karolina raes an army av "volunteers".
02 March 1833: Jaksun sine a law that giv him power tu yuze army & navy
if NE-1 interfer with kustums. Then em kompromise. Klae make nu
law that redues the tarif in steps over 10 yeers. Evreewon kuel off.
*** 1832: lekshun yeer. First konvenshun tu selekt kanadate for president
Demokrats hav a nashunal konvenshun tu selekt hu tu run for pres.
we still yuze nashunal konvenshuns tudae. Jaksun win bi big marjin.
Several nu partees rise in the 1830's...anti masons, liberty party,
free-soil, no-nuthangs, & republikan. Mostly limited tu the north.
Em dilute north votes, so it luze strength. For next 20 yeers,
the South kontrol the federal guvt.
Nashunal bank
Jaksun had a fite with the Bank av the United States (Bus).
Jaksun hav a vaej dred av banks as did most in the West, mostly
kauz the US bank restrikted the spekulashun bi banks in the west.
The bank charter end in 1836 unless kongres renu it. Jaksun want
a bank him kan kontrol...wanna appoint the bras that run it.
Danyel Webster, rival tu Jaksun, was bank direkter & its lawyer.
1832: Henree Klae bring up bank as politikal issue in the lekshun.
Kongres passed a bank renu in 1832. Jaksun veto it. Jaksun deside
tu kill the bank bi take all fed munee outta it. Tresury sekratary
Mclane refuzed, so Jaksun demoted him intu state dept. Replaesmment
refuze & Jaksun fire him. Tri 3 in 1833 werk. Jaksun muve guvt
munee tu "pet" banks.
The big munee men glote: em thank this will kill Jaksun so him
wont get reelekted. Jaksun win with landslide.
1834: Kongress make gold & silver legal with 1 oz gold=16 owns silver.
Jan 1835: fed guvt pae off all its debts
1836: Henree Klae get kongress tu pass a law tu "lone" munee tu states.
(It was a giv awae). purpus: gotta du sumthang bout that horabel
budjet surplus. Jaksun order fed guvt tu oenlee aksept "hard"
munee (silver & gold) tu sell fed land in the west.
****** panik av 1837
Wild land spekulate av last 10 yeers krash & USA hav a "panik".
Guvt run outta kash, surplus disapeer, guvt gotta borro...short term notes.
Next president (Van Buren) spend 4 yeers tri rekuver from pakik &
find a bank tu replaes Bus. Take til 1913 tu get the federal rezerv.
Net result is big munee men muve from Filly tu Nu York. The munee men
keep kontrol av the munee.
Jaksun: forin affaers
Jaksun was freendlee with Brits & ignore Monroe Doktrin. Jaksun
got "the Latins" mad at him, xtra so Mexiko & Arjentina. Van Bruen
was the forin man hu smoothed over disputes & keep England happy.
Jaksun did NOT get along with the king av Frans & at times theer
was thret av war. Dispute: US want munee tu pae for ships Napoleon
grabbed.
04 July 1831: treety look like it solv this problem. Frans tu pae 4.7 Mil $.
The french chek bounsed. French kongres (Chanber av Deputees) did
Not appropriate the munee.
1834: Frans still dont pae; Jaksun ask kongress tu pass reprisals ginst
Frans. Frans get mad & send fleet tu West Indees. Look like war.
England interseed & the subjekt faed awae.
Indians under Jaksun
Around 1820, US guvt adopted a polasee av tri tu muve all indians
from eest av the Mississippi tu west av it.
1830: kongres pass Indian Remuve Akt
Cherokee indians in Jorjya: a missionary (Sam C Worcester) sued fed
guvt over how Jorjya state guvt treet the Cherokee. It gotu Supreem
kort. indians win. Jaksun sed "Jon Marshal had his sae. Now let
him enfoers it".
1838: Jenral Winfeeld Skot round up the Cherokee & walk em tu Oklahoma.
"trael av teers".
far west & Hawaii 1820-1837
**** Hawaii
1820: Boston preecher Hiram Bingham start mishunary cherch in Hawaii
(Sandwich Ielands) under the Amerikan Bord av Forin Misshuns.
Bak then the oenlee praktikal wae west was bi ship round Kape Horn
at south tip av South Amerika=take 200 daes.
**** Southwest...Mexiko & Nu Mexiko
1824: First traders go overland from Independens, Mazera tu Santa Fe...
Remote outpost at north edj av the former Spaen kolony in North Amerika.
Now kalled Mexiko (got effektiv independent in 1821). Mexiko area
is as big as the US bak then. It inklude wot is now Texas, Arazona,
Kalifornya, Nu Mexiko, & parts av more states. The north half had
very fyu mexikans, mostly indians. Folks R poor. Guvt week &
korrupt.
**** Oregon
In the 1800's, the werd "Oregon" meen the land west av the Rokky
Mountins...west koest av North Amerika. Later, it is the north
part...north av Mexiko or north av Kolombia River.
Erlee fur trappers go up the Mazera & Plat Rivers intu the
Mountins & trap Beever.
1823: Jed Smith find the "South Pass" In wot is now Wyoming. West from
the North Plat the land rise gradual over the divide tu the Sweetwater.
The beever fur trade was based on a strange & long lasting fad
in Yerrop...rich men pae hi pries for hi hats made from beever fur.
Beever fur werth so much, trappers almost wipe out beevers, first
in the eest, then the plaens, then the mountins.
In the US, Jenral Will Ashlee had the Rokky Mountin Fur Kumpany
send out small wagon traen in the fall tu meet mountin men. It bring
goods & supplies from the eest tu trade for beever hides: wiskee,
guns, bullets, nifes, tools, koffee, shugar, tubak, blankets. even
sum trinklets tu trade with indians. Supplies kum from St Luis,
up the Mazera river, then the Plat, then overland.
Trappers trade beever hides for supplies in plaeses such as the
Sweetwater River, Tetons, Big Horn River.
1830: Hall J Kelly start the Amerikan Sosiety tu Enkerage settel the
Oregon Territory.
1832: Nat J Wyeth organize kumpanee tu send folks tu Oregon. Send ship
Ida tu take supplies tu mouth av Kolumbia River. Take kolonists
bi traen & river boet tu St Luis. Hire Will Sublet as gide tu take
em tu the trapper meet, in hopes av then go on tu Oregon. Will Sublet
die but brother Milton take em tu the snake river. Wyeth & fyu others
go west along Snake, get tu Boise in Sep 1832.
29 Okt 1832: Wyeth get tu Brit Fort Vankuver (kross Kolumbia River from
wot is now Portland, Oregon). Took 233 daes from Boston, 190 from
St Luis. The ship was rekked, so Wyeth giv up & go bak tu Boston.
1834: Wyeth tri agin with 1 ship & men go overland. Wen get tu Oregon,
Brits in Ft Vankuever refuze tu trade. Him giv up agin. However
that gruep inkluded mishunarees & a "naturalist" hu setteled in the
Willamet Vallee (Salem, Oregon). Bekum farmers & ranchers.
First Amerikans tu stae & tri tu bild Sivilizashun in Oregon.
5 July 1843: settlers in Willamet Vallee org a guvt.
Navy under Jakson
1829-32: US Navy ship Vinsennes saeled round the werld. Stop at Hawaii,
guam, Makao, ets. Jaksun yuzed the navy tu punish kuntrees or piruts
hu interfer with US merchant ships. The sultan av Qualla Battoo in
Sumatra grab the Freendship from Salem. US frigut Potomak land
mareens tu punish him.
1833 Jaskun send a "ajent" on US warship hu make a treetee with Siam.
1833: Argentina: & Britian klaem the Falkland Ielands (1000 miles eest
av Buenos Aeres). Arjentina send gauchos theer tu raes kattel.
Theer boss (Luis Vernet) sae Amerikan Seel Skinners steel his kattel.
Vernet seez 2 ships & send em tu Good Aer. Navy send Lexington hu
rounded up the gauchos & took em tu Arjentina. Then England send
expedishun tu Falklands & em take it (nowon theer at that time).
18 Aug 1838: Lutenant Charles Wilks on sloop Vincennes with 4 ships leev
Hampton Rodes, Virjinya on 4-yeer sientifik explor thru the Pasifik.
Visit west koest, Hawaii, China, Alaska, Anartika. Made maps.
Sent bak 40 tons av spesimens...Smithsonian start with that.
Wen US navy invade Tarawa in Nov 1943, em yuze maps Wilks made.
Van Buren, Harrison, Tiler 1837- 1845
Van Buren, president 8, 1837-1841, demokrat
Harrison, president 9, 1841 (1 month)
Tiler president 10, 1841-1845
1837: Van Buren got elekted as Jaksun's rite hand man. him spend 4
yeers tu tri get over the panik av 1837 & fael. Bust folloed 10
yeers av wild spekulate, mostly in land in the west. Yerrop hav
mild downtern & banks theer demand all paements in gold. US banks
dont hav gold & kollaps. US weet krop fael. Flour pries go up.
Mobs riot in Nu York. Guvt budjet surplus bekum massiv debt.
Van was kompleetlee different from Jaksun in temperment. Him
did not foers stuff. Him werk quiet in kloesed rooms tu persuade
powerful men. On surfus, look like him dont du nuthang. In praktis,
him get as much dun as Jaksun.
1840: Indiana guvner Harrison won elekshun on the slogan "Tippekanu &
Tiler 2", based on the small fite bak in the war av 1812.
4 Mar 1841: the fool spend 90 minuts reeding a speech in raen on the
Wite hous steps. Katch kold. Tern intu numoenya. Dam dokters
tri evree silly "remadee" em kan find.
4 Apr 1841: the poor man die from such bad "kare".
4 Apr 1841: Tiler bekum president. Nuff sed.
***** immigrate
Theer was a big inkreez av immigrants from Yerrop in 1830's & 40's:
Irish was 40-50% av immigrants, then Jerman, English, Poles.
Most was katholik & poor...farmers & pesants. All from North Yerrop.
Irish setteled in big eest koest sitees, such as Nu York. Jermans
mostly went tu north part av midwest: Mishigan, Wiskonsin, Minn.
***** Biz
Almost all immigrants kame tu the north & staed theer. Numbers
in north gro much faster than south. Industree take hold, first
tu spin kotton intu thred in Nu England. Later spred tu Nu York
& Penn weer iron werks spring up. 1830's had many kanals bilt, all
in the north.
***** south
Kotton was king in the south & based on slaves. Much nu land in
west was planted in kotton. Had tu keep find nu land kauz it weer
out the dirt. Land neer big rivers was prime, kauz the regular
floods add dirt on top tu revive the soil. A plantashun with good
dirt kood make 1 ton av kotton per feeld hand. Kotton sell in
Liverpool, England at 12-15 sents/pound. Plantashun got half.
In 1860, kottom was 67% av US exports.
South was ruled bi a landed aristokrasee av bout 15,000 famlees...
the "gentry".
Texas...lone star state, 1820-1836
In the 1500's Spaen konquisquadors went thru this area & klaem it
for Spaen. Theer never was many av Yerropeon blood in the area.
In the 1800's Adams & Jaksun tried tu bi Texas. Spaen dont wanna sell.
24 Aug 1821: Mexiko revolt ginst Spaen, win war & bekum independent in
fakt. Spaen ofishally dont reknize Mexiko is independent, but dont
fite mexikans NE more. From Mex vyupoint, Texas=the northeest
fronteer. USA fronteersmen in the south thank Texas is the next
step west after Luisiana...ripe for pikking.
Straenj: Mexiko enkeraej Amerikans tu muve intu Texas. It is raw
fronteer with big indian problem. Very fyu Mexikans theer. Lotta
emptee land. Nowon no wi Mexiko dont tri tu get immigrants from
Spaen, or maby other former Spaen kolonees.
1821: Mexiko granted Moses Austin av Konn a big plot av land in Texas.
He died & grant pass tu his sun Stefen F Austin in 1823. Papers sed
him was tu rekruit & bring 300 famlees. Eech famlee got 177 akers for
farm + 13,000 akers for kows. Austin got more. Thees was solid,
konservativ, quiet, peesabel, & law-abiding pioneers. Mostlee farmers.
Austin rule with good & firm hand. Sum problems: Mex guvt is very
Aristokratik & bossy, but also like quiksand. Guvt get overthroed
evree fyu yeers, yuzeyually bi a military big wig. Evree nu guvt
mae chaenj the rules.
1831: Mexiko abolish slaves.
1834: 20,000 Amerikans + 2,000 slaves & bout 5,000 Mexikans in Texas.
Mexikans hu liv in Tejas was yuzyually kalled "Tejano". If from US
em R "Texikans". Then a lotta ruff-tuff krude men muve in from
Luisiana. Not appruved kolonists. Mex guvt wont let em oen land.
Em bild settelments, but legally dont oen the land or the stuff em bild.
South planters kum oenlee if kan bring theer slaves. Eest part av Tex
is wet like Luisiana, so em spekt tu make plantashuns like bak home.
Tu kum tu Texas, Mexiko sae yu gotta be Kathlik. Nun from US be, but
em pretend tu be & mostlee get awae with it. Then kum swashbuklers
Then kum fronteersmen: swashbuklers like San Hueston. Then
"filbusterers...armed men hu want tu make Texas part av the US.
Faemus names: Davy Krokket, Bowee brothers.
1835: Santa Anna (diktater av Mexiko) proklaem nu Mex konstitushun.
It revolk rites in the konstitushun av 1824 & make him "emperor".
Rebels in Texas deklare texas a state & hav konvenshun tu rite
state konstitute. Rebels inklude many Mexikans in Texas. But
nukummers from the US make up most av the rebels. Santa Anna send
jenral Cos with 3000 troops...orders=kill all rebels. Rebels
defeet Cos. Cos sine papers that giv amnestee tu the rebels.
This make Santa Anna mad & him raes nu army & leed it north intu
Texas. Him vow tu kill all rebels.
2 Mar 1836: Texas deklaer em independent from Mexiko.
Alamo... 23 Feb- 06 March 1836 (12 daes)
1836: Alamo is in hart av San Antone. Started as fronteer post tu
protekt Mexikan land grants eest av theer from Kommanshe Indians.
Amerikan rebels hole up in Alamo. Leeder=kernel Willyum Travis.
Santa Anna with 5000 mexikan troops seej it 13 daes. 176 Texans
stae tu the end. A fyu slipped out during the fite & tell others
bout it. All 176 die & all wemen & kids that staed with em.
"Remember the Alamo" bekum rally kri av the rebels.
6 Mar 1836: Santa Anna overwelm the 176 texans in the Alamo. All die.
Texans deklare the Republik av Texas (lone star state). Hueston is
hed av the texan army. Santa Anna chase him eest. Look like Hueston
tri tu run awae intu Luisiana.
*** San Jacinto
21 Apr 1836: Texans under Sam Hueston at small kreek (San Jacinto River)
Atak Mexikans under Santa Anna. Kompleet sprize. Amerikans slotter
Mexikans. Take Santa Anna. Him sine treetee & gotu Kuba.
Texas made a konstitushun, elekt Hueston president, & send man tu DC
Em want USA tu annex Texas. But anti-slave states objekt.
Slavery was a big issue 1836 elekshun yeer. If texas bekame a
state, theer wood be more slave states than free states. North
wont agree tu that. Alabam legislachuer propose let Texax divide
intu 5 slave states.
1837: Kalhoon yuze "peculiar institushun" tu deskribe slaves.
3 Mar 1837: Jaksun on last dae in offis, reknize Texas as a independent
kuntree.
Theer R bout 50,000 Texans & 6,000,000 Mexikans. Yu wood thank
Mexiko wood kum bak & tri tu retake the land. It did not. Santa Anna
is fikkel & nonprediktabel. And Mexikans thro him out. Kaeos all
over. Texas had big debt & munee that was almost werthless. Brits
& Frans skeem tu go in & take over.
The South tri very hard tu annex Texas. Em R rabid in feer Texas
mite abolish slaves. After all, oenlee bout 2% av wites theer hav a
slave. But north blok annex in kongres for several yeers.
28 Feb 1844: A kannon blo up wile a lotta DC brass inspekt it. This kill
several kabinet members. President Tiler yuze this tu replaes most.
Jon C Kalhoon bekum sekatary av state. All kabinet members R from
the south. Tiler wanna annex Texas. Tiler was av the old Virjinya
aristokrats.
*** texas is a state
28 Feb 1845: Tiler trik kongress tu vote on annex as a joint body bi
simpel majority, & it du. Texas is a state. This leed tu war with
Mexiko.
1844 is elekshun yeer. Demokrat konvenshun dedlok. Nun av the big
names kan get nuff votes tu get nominated. Split intu fakshuns,
mostly north vs south. Then Polk bekum the first "dark hoers".
Party kompromise on sumwon nowon no=littel wig.
Polk win. Very kloes vote. Apparent deside fakter is the kuntree
was in the mood tu expand in the west. Poke pretend tu be a
"nu Jaksun" & fool nuff folks tu get elekted. Polk want Texas
& Kalifornya & Oregon. Him got em.
Mexiko brake off relashuns.
Mexikan war...1846-1848
James K Polk...president 11, 1845-1849, Demokrat, from Tenn
the West B4 Mexikan war
War started over Texas. The United States was in expanshun mood.
That meen more land in the west. It elekted like-minded Pres Polk.
Texas was the maen bone em fite over, but theer was sum other areas.
Oregon was joint with Britian & many thank we shood take it. Then
theer is Kalifornya...a nu name for a mistereeus paradise nowon no-1
no much bout. Maen soers was book bi J C Freemont in 1845 bout
Oregon & north half av Kalifornya. Freemont went out theer tu servae
it for the army kore av tipografikal engineers. A fyu Nu England
traders go tu west koest in the 1840's & stae. Kalif was part av
Mexiko, but far from Mexiko Sitee.. Polk tri tu bi it. Mex sae no.
In 1840's England added Nu Zeeland & other plaeses in the Pasifik
tu its empire. Almost took Hawaii. Polk thank England wanna take
all the west koest. In fakt, England & Frans skeemed tu grab the
west koest and/or Mexiko, but never brot it off.
Okt 1842: USA Navy Komodor Tom Katesbee with the US Pasifik fleet see
a Mexikan message tu US guvt. Flaming werds that make him thank
we R at war with Mexiko.
19 Okt 1842: Katesbee send troops ashore & okkupi Monterae, the kapital
av Kalifornya. This make Mexikans mad & em dont trust the US
Mexikans was alredee mad over Texas...Em thot the US guvt started
the revolt theer in 1836.
Okt 1845: US Sekratary av War rite letter tu US konsol in Monterrae that
hint em shood revolt like Texas did.
Des 1845: Nu York Morning Nuz rite bout our "manifest destiny" Many agree.
Texas & Mexiko
Mexiko blame US for los av Texas & refuze tu reknize Texas is gon.
Wen Texas join yuenyun, that reinfoers Mex pinyun US took it.
July 1845: Mexiko brake diplomat relate tu US aft Texas aksept the annex.
Polk send Jenral Zakary Taeler ("old ruff & redee") tu Texas. Him
setup base at Kopus Kristi=port in south Texas on gulf koest.
Tex border was not defined & sum sae Mexiko thank Pecos River
is it. Much later peesniks klaem US invade wen it enter this area.
Hogwash. this ignore Latin temperment: em never reknize the reel
werld. Latin Amerika inherit the Spanish wae. Em pretend bad thang
did not happen. Zampel: Mexiko defeeted Spaen in 1821 & bekame
independent in fakt. Spaen refuze tu reknize this. Spaen klaem
Mexiko is stil a kolony til her luze next war with US...1898=
Spaen-US war. But Spaen dont tri tu retake Mexiko. Mexiko du
same bout Texas...refuze tu reknize it, but liv with it.
10 Nov 1845: Polk send minister tu Mexiko (Jon Slidel) with offer.
US guvt bi out 4.5 milyun $ in US sitizen klaems ginst Mexiko if her
reknize Rio Grand as the border. & anuther 5 mil for Nu Mexiko.
Ask how much for Kalif. Mex president Herrera refuze tu see Slidel.
Mex guvts werk in sekret tu tri tu get Britian or Frans tu jump in.
Then Jenral Pareder overthro the guvt.
1 Jan 1846: Military kontrol Mexiko & wanna fite.
13 Jan 1846: Polk lern Mex's wont talk tu Slidek & order Taeler tu okkupi
the land next tu the Rio Grand. Sum sae this is invade, kauz the
Republik av Texas never klaemed land west av the Nueses Riv. But
Texas is a state now, not the Lone Star Republik.
23 Mar 1846: Taeler enter area tween Nueses Riv & Rio Grand neer Matamoras.
Mex war: kompare the 2 sides
US hav 20 milyun folks, Mexiko=7 milyun.
US army=5,500 men, Mexiko=30,000.
Both sides R top hevee=many hi brass & less fiting men. Mex hi
bras R politikal & yuzeyually korrupt & fast tu chaenj sides if
the wind blo in dif direkshun. US long-term offisers was mostly
good at fite wars. Politiks was less av a handikap.
Mex artilree was werthless.
47% av the 4,000 "regulars" in US army R nu immigrants, mostlee Irish.
Many Irish deserted tu take Mex wifes & later fite ginst US.
*** US army hav many yung offisers that later bekum faemus:
US Grant, Robert E Lee, Thomas, Buregard, Hooker, Bernside, Brag
Meed, McKlellan, McDowel, Stonewall Jaksun, Jeffersun Davis
Longstreet, sherman, Hallek, Buell, Ewell, Jubal Erlee, Pope
[sum bekum infaemus]
**** US war plans: dont hav NE plans sept tu send troop intu the "disputed
area". Jenral Taeler okkupi Kosus Kristee kauz him need a port.
Navy want sumthang tu du, so it blokaed sum Mex ports on the gulf.
Later land & take sum.
Round bout Nov 1846, bras in DC deside em need tu take Mex Sitee.
Kleer yu dont want tu go overland 800 miles from Texas tu theer.
Need tu land at a port neer yer target. Em deside: Vera Kruz.
Mexikan war...1846
1846: bakground, war start, Texas
12 March 1846: Mex guvt send note tu Slidel that sae okkupi Texas=war.
23 March 1846: Jenral Taeler okkupi left bank av Rio Grand neer south end
kross Rio Grand from Matamoros (north side). Start bild Fort Texas,
later Fort Brown for Majer Brown killed theer, later=Brownsvil.
24 March 1846: Mex jenral Mariano Arista gotu Matamoros & send sum troops
kross the Rio Grand.
25 April 1846: Mex kalvary kross Rio Grand & skirmish with US army patrol.
07 Mae 1846: fite tween Taeler with bout 2000 men & Mexikans with 4000 at
Palo Alto, bout 50 miles north av Ft Brown.
08 Mae 1846: Mexikans retreet, then bild defenses at Resaca Guerra.
Taeler Atak. Mexikans retreet bak kross the Rio Grand.
09 Mae 1846: President heer bout the fite on 25 Apr.
11 Mae 1846: President send war messaej tu kongres. Most politkal leeders
av the establishment in the eest was ginst war. Kalhoon was ginst it
kauz him spekt nu lands in the west will renu the fite over slaves.
Many in north thank its a plot tu extend slaves intu nu states.
Most folks in the eest was not much interested in the war. US army
was wae 2 small for a war & its oenlee speereeans is fite indians.
It will depend on volunteers. Most kum from the fronteer area.
Kongres vote for war bi big margin & "authorize" 50,000 man army.
At that time the "authorized" strength was 8,500. Mexikan army
had bout 30,000 men. It had a kore with many yeers speereens fite
rebels, mostly in north.
Both US & Mexikans was konfident em wood win. Thot it wood be fast
& eezee. Mex diktater Paredes=military man, hav komtempt for US.
US publik hav inflated pinyun av valyu av its militia in 1812 war.
War take 2 yeers & is lot harder than big wigs spekt.
*** ofishal start av war
13 Mae 1846: Polk sine the war bill tu make it ofishal.
20 Mae 1846: Zachary Tayler kross the Rio Grand, okkupi Matamoros, then
march southwest. Him hafta waet for men & supplies. He had tu yuze
pak mules kauz took til November for first wagons tu kum from US.
Wen nu men get theer, em R militia, in for 90 daes...not long nuff
tu du NE-thang.
** nuz av Taeler's erlee fite reech publik bak eest. Publik now wild for
war, make Taeler a hero. Volunteers rise. Polk bekum zellus av
Taeler.
June 1846, first av 6-month volunteers kum tu the Rio Grand.
15 Jun 1846: Polk setel Oregon quesshun tu avoid posabel war ginst England
& Mexiko at the same time. Nu treetee extend the 49 deg north border
tween US & Kanada west tu Pasifik, sept Kanada get all av Vankuever
Ieland.
1846: Taeler (Taylor)
****** taeler had long waet for supplies & replacements. Volunteer term
end & em go home.
Aug 1846: Taeler get bout 15,000 men. Half was sik or ded from Dazeez
bi Sep 1846. Good riddans. Wild bunch that fite, rob, kill, riot.
Nun had NE army speereeans. All had tu be traened & then foersed
tu lern how the army du thangs. Many disapeer insted.
Wen Taeler muve out, him hav 3,000 "regulars" & 3000 volunteers.
Mexikans hav 7000 in fortified town av Monterrae. (Nuevo Leon then).
18 Aug 1846: leed elements av Amerikan army get neer Monterrae, Mex.
Monterrae had houses with thik stone walls, so it was like a fort.
Hav small river on 1 side=get in wae av atak. Amerikan artilery
not big nuff tu nok holes in hous walls. Men atak em with piks as
others tri tu supres foe fire.
20-24 Sep 1846: Jenral Taeler take Mex town av Monterrae (no kin av monterrae Kalif).
Taeler get kontrol av most av town. Agree tu 8-week trues & let Mex
troops leev. Taeler lost 800 men from atak Mex strong points.
15 Nov 1846: US Navy take Tampiko=Mexikan port in the north.
24 Nov 1846: Skot leev DC, gotu Texas. Plan tu meet Taeler at Kamargo.
25 Nov 1846: Taeler take Saltillo=portant roed juncshun on roed tu Mex
Sitee.
Army send jenral Wool with 2,500 men tu San Antone. Em march overland
& join Taeler in desember.
Polk get suspischus Jenral Taeler hav politikal ambishuns & so
apoint senater Bensun tu kommand the Armee. But kongres objekt.
Poke then make jenral Winfeeld Skot("old fuss n fethers")= heep
big cheef jenral in Mex war. Polk thank Skot dont be politikal.
Skot propose: send army tu Mex port av Vera Kruz, then march on
Mexiko Sitee. Bras in Washington agree. From now on, Polk starv
jenral Taeler so him kant du nuthun.
Des 1846: Skot gotu Rio Grand & take most av Taeler's troops.
Kalifornya
Theer was konfuzed fites bak & forth in Kalifornya.
14 June 1846: ranchers in the Sakramento Valee deklare the "Beer Flag
Revolt".
07 July 1846: Kommander Sloat (US navy) land men and okkupi Monterae
(kapital av kalifornya under the Mexikans).
Freemont take Sonoma. US guvt never reknize NE av the lokals or
Fremont, even tho him is Army man. Sum Mexikans, mostlee in
Los Angeles area, fite ginst the Amerikans. Freemont leed volunteers
ginst em. Kood hav won eezee. But then Kernel Keernne get theer
after long march from Mazera. Keernee fowled up thangs reel bad.
For all praktikal purposes, Freemont & lokal volunteers du all the
fiting & win after bout 3 months dispite Keernee.
Wilmot Proviso
08 Aug 1846: Polk ask kongress for sekret 2 milyun $ as start munee tu
bribe Santa Anna, then in Havana. Bribe him tu gotu Mexiko & make
shuer tu sell Kalifornya tu US. Kongresman David Wilmot (Penns land)
sed ok tu bi Kalif, but wot bout Mexiko? Mexiko is nonslave. Wot
if yu take free land & tern it intu slave land? Wilmot propose
chaenj the bill tu prohibit slaves in NE land we get from the war.
Folks in the north like this. Wi hav slaves "in the land av the free"?
South go bonkers...kall it "atak ginst theer 'peculiar institute'".
Eventually Hous pass the munee bill with the proviso, but the
senut talk it tu deth. This kauz many in north tu deside kongres
need tu prohibit slavery. More & more folks in north bleev this &
it drive nu partees: Free-soil & Republikans.
Slave oeners invent differ theree: kongress dont hav power tu
prohibit slaves. Later this gotu Supreem kort & it agree slaves
R property & guvt gotta protekt propertee, thus guvt gotta protekt
slavery.
Santa Anna, 1846
June 1846: US guvt enkeraej Santa Anna tu go from Havana tu Mexiko in
hopes him will werk for US. Santa Anna promis him make pees with
for oenlee 2 milyun $ bribe. (Cheep kompared tu war).
8 Aug 1846: Santa Anna sael on Brit ship Arab. US blokaed fleet at
Vera Kruz get Santa tu shore & get him started. Him gotu Mex Sitee.
Take over the guvt as diktater (agin). Historians thank US guvt
help him in sekret. Wons in power, Santa Anna renig. Him fite US.
**** Nu Mexiko
Jenral Steev Keerny take 1800 men from Fort Levenwerth, Kansas
tu Santa Fe, Nu Mexiko.
15 Aug 1846: Keerny get tu Santa Fe. Defeet 4,000 Mex+indians.
Him send kernel Dolifan with 850 men tu go south & tri tu find
Taeler neer Monterae. Keerny take 150 dragoons & go west tu
Kalifornya. Keerny get in the wae av Freemont at LA & delae viktree.
Bi end av 1846, Amerika kontrol Kalifornya.
1846 politiks
Wig party win big in the Nov 1846 lekshuns. This pressuer pres
Polk tu end the war fast. Him deside tu take Mexiko Sitee. Him
dont giv job tu jenral Taeler kauz Polk zelyus. Taeler got a lotta
publisity from win fites & Polk fraed Taeler will bekum rival aft
the war. Polk chooz Winfeld Skot, kauz evreewon sed him dont hav
politikal ambishun.
Mexikan war...1847
Santa Ana kontrol Mexiko now.
27 Jan 1847: Santa Anna march north with 20,000 ment tu fite Taeler.
Taeler hu hav 5,000 men, most R nu raw volunteers. But the regulars
hav artillery.
****** Buena Vista
Taeler retreet 10 miles tu Buena Vista (good vyu).
23 Feb 1847: Taeler hav good ground for defens: hills & gullees ("ravine"
in krat speek) south av Saltillo. Santa Anna Atak. Fite all dae.
Mexes atak Amerikan left with kalvary, then infantree.. Militia
run awae. Jenral Jon Wool bring up artilry. Mexes overwelm him.
Left side bend bak north. Taeler go theer with 1 regiment av
rifelmen & stop the Mexes. Mex kalvary go around & atak Good Vyu.
Rifelmen theer fire as kalvary ride thru & then around the area,
then bak tu weer em kum from. Mexikans retreet that nite.
Mexes luze bout 1,500 men. Taeler luze 700.
Mexikan kalvary was good, but US artillery gooder.
Fite portant politikally. US that winter was in a bad funk.
Defeetists was in full kri ginst the war. This viktree revive morale
bak home.
****** Vera Kruz
21 Feb 1847: Jenral Winfeeld Skot gotu Tampiko & assembel army & ships,
then sael for Vera Kruz, 200 miles south, with 80 ships & 10,000 men.
05 Mar 1847: first ships in Vera Kruz area. It hav a big stone fort=
"San Juan de Ulua" with 128 guns. Theer is reef off shore.
09 Mar 1847: Navy land Jenral Skot & army on beeches south av Vera Kruz.
Mex kalvary parade bak & forth & then go awae. No mex soldyers oppose
the landing.
Amerikan engineers seej Vera Kruz. Dig trenches around it. Kut off
water.
27 Mar 1847: Vera Kruz surrender.
Skot gotta liv with lak av supplies & lotta politikal haks. Sumtimes
drive him krazy.
Next job is tu get up in the hills, outta the koest B4 mid April.
Dred tropikal dazeezes such as yello fever strike in the summer.
Mexiko Sitee is 260 miles west. Kloeser is Jalapa, 75 miles & 4,000
ft up. Hi nuff tu be kueler. Guvt didnt send pak hoerses, so army
round up wild hoerses (mustangs).
****** Cerro Gordo
06 Apr 1847: Santa Anna gotu Jalapa. Hav bout 5,000 men theer.
08 Apr 1847: Twigg leed his divishun out west. Bi end av dae 1, 1/3
av the men drop out. Dae 2, kum tu nashunal hiwae: in bad disrepaer
but much better than dae 1. Rode go thru sum av Santa Anna's
estates, bout 1 milyun akers av em.
11 Apr 1847: small town av Plan del Rio (river town)=start av klimb
up intu mountins tuward Cerro Gordo (big hill)=maen pass. Bout
20 miles eest av Jalapa. Santa Anna get theer first & make defens.
Mexes hav the hi ground on both sides av the rode. North av theer,
land was so ruff, Mexes thank nowon kan go thru it.
15 Apr 1847: Kaptin Rober E Lee find a wae up north av maen Mex defens.
16 & 17: kut path up intu wildernes. Meet Mex foers on hill Atalaya.
Bak & forth fite next 2 daes.
Kaptin Jorj B McKlellan & Lutenant U S Grant leed a charj av the
Mex line. Em win. Mexes flee. US kapture bout half Mex troops.
Get tu Jalapa 2 daes later.
**** Puebla
Army sit at Puebla 3 months (150 miles west av Vera Kruz).
Lotta troops leev wen theer time end. Army gotta waet for DC
tu send nu soldyers.
07 Apr 1847: Army hed west with bout 10,000 men.
******* Mexiko Sitee
10 Aug 1847: Army get tu pass 10,000 ft up with Mexiko Sitee belo.
Santa Anna is in Mex Sitee & bak in power agin. Hav 25,000 soldyers.
Lakes & swamps surround Mex sitee. Oenlee wae in is over kauzwaes.
Eezee for small foers tu blok NE or all.
15 Aug 1847: Amerikans find 1 roed that seem tu hav littel gards.
Take rode tu San Agustin (now=Tlalpan), 9 miles south av Mex Sitee.
San Antone fort blok the wae, with more after it.
18 Aug 1847: Robert E Lee find a path thru a ruff lava flo (Pedregal).
Find a small hill=Zakatepek. Skot start tu make a rode theer (so
him kan bring his kannons). Mexikans under Valensia put troops
on the hill & neerbi San Angel rode.
19 Aug 1847: Skot send 3,500 men under Jenral Jorj Kadwalader over hill
& send sum men tu SanAngel roed.
*** Churubusko
20 Aug 1847: In erlee morn dark, Amerikan men muve & get behind Mexikans.
At sunup, atak Mexes in front & the reer. Mexes flee north.
Luze 200 ded & 800 prisuners.
Santa Anna withdraw tu inner defens=the gates weer the kauzwaes
meet the sitee. Amerikans run intu maen defens at Churubusko.
Skot bring up all his men=6,000 ginst 18,000 Mex. Fite til late
afternoon. Mex run lo on ammo & start drifting awae in spots.
Irish deserters fite tu last man, even after em run outta ammo.
Santa Anna withdraw tu San Antone Gate.
Amerikans luze bout 1,000 men. Mexes: 4,000 ded or hert +
3,200 kaptured. Mexes R lo on guns & ammo.
Skot kall a stop-fire so Trist kan talk with Mexikans. 2 weeks
go bi with talk-talk. Skot find that Santa Anna brot in more men.
so him kall off the time out.
*** Chapultepek (Molino del Ree or Kings Mill)
08 Sep 1847: Chapultepek Kastel gard the west gate, on a 200 ft hill.
Bout 500 yards west is strong point av Kasa Mata. Mexes hav bout
8,000 troops in this area. Skot is now down tu bout 7,000.
Jenral Worth infantree atak Kasa Mata with 3,000 men. Shood hav
yuzed artilree tu bust open the gates. Take hevee losses, but
foot soldyers bust down 1 gate & pore thru. Take Kasa Mata.
Worth luze bout 800 men=very hevee loss. Mex luze bout 1,000 "
680 prisuners.
Skot get desperut. Lost so many men, army keep getting weeker.
250 miles from base & the port almost yuzeless now bekauz av the
tropikal dazeezes: his men fraed tu go theer at this time av yeer.
Gotta take the kapital B4 Santa relize how week Amerikans R.
12 Sep 1847: Skot send men intu west edj av Chapultepek grounds.
Him yuze artilree tu bombard Chapultepek Kastel. Then charj
kros open ground, thru ditch, up ladders, over the wall. Hand
tu hand fite til all defenders ded. Hevee losses on both sides.
Jenrals Worth & Quitman advans along different kauzwaes ginst
stedee Mex resist. 1330: Quitman bust thru Belen Gate intu frinj
av Mex Sitee. Worth reech Kosme Gate at sundown.
That nite, Santa Anna deside tu flee north tu Hidalgo.
14 Sep 1847: Quitman take the Sitadel, then go tu the Grand Plaza.
Send Mareens intu nashunal Palus tu kleen out all hu resist.
This is the "Halls av Montezuma".
********** politiks
****** Trist
Trist get nu titel: "Kommissshuner Plenipotentiary". Like the
krat him be, him pretend him rule the werld. Ego bigger than the
sun. Bloeted with self-portans. Pres Polk told him tu trust
Jenral Pillo, not Skot. Polk hinted if him get a good pees treety,
the throne av power is his. Trist liv on werds like that.
Trish hav a seeled letter from Poke tu Mexikan "minister". Skot
blo his top wen him find out Trist get tu deside if war or pees.
Tern out the letter dont sae much & Mex minister retern it as fluff.
***** Mex politiks
Feb 1847: Mexiko hav neer sivil war tween 2 fakshuns: "polkos" & "puros"
Polkos are "clerikals"=for the kathlik cherch=konservativ merchants,
professhunal, kraftmen, klerks. Mexikan guvt was bankrupt. Katholik
cherch overflo with gold. Mex kongres tri tu tax the cherch. It
resist. Guvt tri tu order all armed men tu koest tu resist atak
em spekt theer. Guvt tri tu disarm opponents.
At this time the nominal Mex top boss man was Farias. Santa Anna
kum bak tu Mex Sitee & konive with cherch in sekret.
23 mar 1847: Santa Anna bak in kontrol av Mexiko
** later
Sep 1847: Santa Anna made deel with Polk, so US Army let him thru &
him gotu Mex Sitee & take over the guvt. Jenral Skot deklar a
stop-fire bekauz Santa Anna spozed tu be on our side.
Santa Anna switch agin & fite US.
08 Sep 1847: battel at Molina del Rae neer Mex Sitee: mexes luze bad.
13 Sep 1847: Us army storm Chapultepek
17 Sep 1847: Mexiko Sitee giv up
Mexikan war...1848
02 Feb 1848...Treetee av Guadalupe Hidalgo end the war.
1. Texas boundree is the Rio Grand.
2. US get Kalifornya & Nu Mexiko (inklude wot bekame Arazona).
3. US pae Mexiko 15 milyun $ & take over klaems bi Amerikans
ginst Mexiko.
After kongres apruve the treetee, Polk fire Jenral Skot & Trist.
US had 1,721 hert or killed in the war + 11,550 "other" ded...dazeez.
Sumthang like 10,000 dezert & bout 50,000 go home wen term end
& never fire a shot at foe.
This war leev the US with almost all the land that make up the
loer 48 states.
After Mex war...1848-1860
James K Polk: president 11, 1845-1849, Demokrat, Tenn (2 Nov 1795-15 Jun 1849)
Zachary Taylor: pres 12, 1849-1850 Wig Tenn (24 Nov 1784-9 Jul 1850)
Millard Fillmore: pres 13, 1850-1853 Wig Nu York
Franklin Piers pres 14, 1853-1857 Demokrat, Nu Hampshire (23 Nov 1804-8 Okt 1869)
James Buchanan pres 15, 1857-1861 Demokrat, Penn (23 Apr 1791-1 Jun 1868)
"dofaes"=term for em from north hu support the south...Piers & Buchanan
****** politik preambel
As B4, the South kontrol the guvt...kongres, supreem kort, & all
presidents. North divided as more R ginst slavery. Nu splinter
partees split the vote in the north. Zampel=free soil party.
Martin van Buren run for pres as free soiler. Hav 3 very week
presidents that let kongres run the kuntree.
Many old grate men die & nu names rise.
1845: Andru Jaksun die
1848: Jon Quincy Adams die
1850: Kalhoon die
1852: Klae & Webster die.
*** Slave overvyu
1847: Kalhoon invent nu theeree: Slaves R propertee. Evreewon hav
rite tu keep slaves. Kongres gotta protekt property. Thus kongres
kant limit or prohibit slaves. As oppose slaves rise over time,
south bekum more & more strident that slavery is god-given rite
& the best thang man ever event.
1857: Dred Skot Kase: supreem kort agree: slaves R property.
1848: elekshun yeer
In north splinter partees...anti-masons & Free-soil form from
the abolishun, "lokofoko" or "barnberner" & the "konsiens" partees.
nu slogan..."free soil, free speech, free laber, free men".
South nominate Jenral Zak Taeler (from Luisiana & a slave oener).
Also jenral in the Mexikan war. Polk was afraed Zak wood run for
president & tri keep him from du NE-than in that war that mite
get plublisity. Look wot happened.
******* Gold in Kalifornya
24 Jan 1848...man werking on a sawmill for Sutter on the Amerikan River
abuv Sakramento diskuver GOLD. Sutter tried very hard tu keep it
sekret. In 2 weeks evreewon in SanFran no bout it. Nuther week
& nowon left in San Fransisko...all R up in the hills lookin for
gold. March & April: nuz spred like wild fire.
Summer 1849: San Fran is now a boomtown av 20,000. Abandoned ships
line the harber.
Sep 1849: konvenshun meet in Montarae & rite a konstitushun wich prohibit
slaves. Apruved bi popular vote. Lokals vote in a guvner & a
kongres. Em send petishun tu US kongress tu be a state. South
dig in heels & tri stop this. South adopt the stand the guvt
kant limit slavery.
***** Klipper ships
The fastest wae from US eest koest tu the west koest (Kalifornya)
was bi ship round the south tip av South Amerika. The fastest ships
was the klipper ship dezined for trade tween Nu England & China:
long skinny ship with max saels. Thees gotu Kalif insted av China.
Nu dezines make em even faster.
1851: Best time ever for a sael ship from (Nu York-Nu England) area
tu San Fransisko: 15,000 miles, 89 daes...ship=Flying Kloud.
rekord stil stand tudae.
Kongres & slavery
1849: theer R many nu faeses in the senat now
Jeffersun Davis, Stefen Douglas, Will H Seward, Salmon P Chase.
The vast west need tu be orged intu territorees. This restart
the fite over slaves. South sae slave=property & thus em kan take
slaves NE-weer. That inklude the west. Basis is politikal power
struggel. South kontrol the guvt. But south fall behind in numbers
& in ekonomee. Most immigrants tu US gotu north & stae theer or
muve west intu free areas. Industree gro in north, so it hav a
lot more munee. Nu raelrodes tie the midwest tu the northeest
koest states. West export its farm krops eest, not thru south.
South insist it gotta hav as many slave states as free so it
kan dedlok senut & thus kill NE nu law that mite limit slaves.
******* kompromise av 1850
27 Jan 1850: Henree Klae offer kompromise bill
1. Kalifornia bekum a free state.
2. organize nu territorees without menshun slaves
3. stronger fugitiv slave law for the south
4. abolish slave trade in DC for the north
in emoshunal debate bout this, Seward (Nu York) sae:
"Theer is a hier law than the konstitushun"
31 Mar 1850: Kalhoon die
Jul 1850: Presadent Taeler got sik on 4 July & die on 9 July 1850.
Nu pres=Millard Fillmore.
Sep 1850: kongress pass laws that emplement this "kompromise av 1850".
Fillmore sine it.
In the north, the fugitiv slave akt stink tu hi heven.
1852: Klae & Webster die.
nu president=Franklin Peers av nu Hampshire=a nobody.
Him is a "demokrat" & the south kontrol that party. Peers dont kare.
the opposhun=the whigs...split many waes and faed awae.
*** Raelroeds
In the 1850's raelroeds bekame the cheepest wae tu ship goods overland
in the USA. They opened land in the west tu farms bi make it
cheeper tu ship graen tu big sitees in the eest. Theer rose a kri
for a transkontinental raelroed tu gotu Kalifornya tu konnekt it
tu the rest av the kuntree. Vareeus routs proposed. South kontrol
kongres so em want a rout in the south. Horrors: em find the land
thru Arazona (Nu Mexiko) is mountains. The best rout (loer pass)
go south av the border down mexiko wae. That leed tu the Gadsden
bi ("Purchase" in krat speek) wich add a strip av land tu south
edj av Nu Mexiko (1853, 10 mil $).
*** Japan
8 July 1853: Kommodore Mathyu Perry take squadron av steem frigates intu
Tokyo Bae & giv the Shogun a letter from the president. Then sael
awae.
Feb 1854: Perry retern with more ships. Jap emperor agree tu let
Amerikan ships visit a limited list av ports.
Kansas-Nebraska akt
1854: Stefen A Douglas "littel Giant" demokrat from Illinois invent
this jem. Lekshun kumming, so him need sumthang tu get atenshun.
Him invent slogan "popular sovernity" or "squatter sovernity".
Let folks in eech territory deside if em want slaves. This kum
bout kauz av a small klik av eleetists in Wash DC...the
"F street Mess". Em look for an issue for the next elekshun so em
kan make hae & maby stae in offis. This put slavery on the front
berner agin. The Mazera kompromise av 1820 prohibit slaves north av
36-30. If yu make nu law, yu kill this & reopen kan av werms.
Em propose nu law: 1 part sae the old law is ded. Then politikans
in kongres divided the rest av the old Luisiana area intu 2 territorees:
Kansas in south & Nebraska north av it. Em assume kansas will bekum a
slave state & nebraska free. Both kansas & nebraska R north av
the old limit tu slaves. Thus, this put slaves in area that had
ben free. Fats in the fire now. Debate drag on 3 months.
Demokrats (kontrolled bi south) yunite & pass it.
28 Feb 1854: Ripon, Wiskonsin...Republikan party meet.
(Formal org=6 July 1854 at Jaksun, Mishigin).
In the Nov lekshun, republikans=biggest party in kongres.
25 Mae 1854: Senate pass the Kansas-Nebraska akt & pres Peers sine it.
26 Mae 1854: Boston...mob tri tu take runawae slave outta korthous.
Gotta be eskorted tu his ship bi a batalyun av army troops +
4 platoons av mareens. kost US guvt 40,000$ tu send that slave tu
his master. Never agin did guvt tri tu get a slave from Mass.
***** komik releef...the no-nuthang party
This nu splinter party was anti-kathlik. Wen it formed (1840) &
outsider ask sumthang, standard repli was "I no nuthang".
1854: No-nuthangs win kontrol av Mass state guvt & almost take Nu York.
St Luis...riots tween Irish kathliks & no-nuthangs.
1856: No-nuthangs go publik, hav konvenshun, South take over & put
slaves on the platform. North dezert the party & it kollaps.
Bleeding Kansas
July 1854: guvt open land offis in Kansas
Even b4 this, slave oeners in Mazera krossed the border intu Kansas.
Mazera slave oeners blok the Mazera River so northerners kant get
tu Kansas. Then Southers ransak Lawrens, Kansas weer Northers start
a town. North "Jayhawks" arm tu fite "kikapoo Rangers", "Donifan
Tigers", & "border ruffians". "Popular soverintee" dont meen the
vote, it meen rifel bullets. Hav the littel sivil war. Next hav
2 state guvts that send men tu DC tu ask tu be a state.
1856: The anti-slave Kansas guvt appli tu kongres tu bekum a state.
Senat rejekt it. Then the senat aksept the slave vershun. But
Douglas got a provishun that folks in kansas gotta vote onit.
Kansas vote ginst slave guvt 6 tu 1.
***** 1856: lekshun yeer
Nu repulikan party nominate Jon C Freemont av Kalifornya fame.
Demokrat Buchanan win. Buchanan got 1,838,000 votes.
Freemont got 1,340,000...all in the north. Very good sho for nu
party.
dred Skot...1857
Dred Skot was a slave. His master (offiser in army) took him tu
Illinois, then a territory (north av 36-30) wich forbid slaves.
Dred su tu be free. The kase gotu supreem kort.
6 March 1857...Supreem kort sae slaves R property.
Most av the judjes R from the south. Cheef justin Tanee is 2.
Kort sae:
1. a blak man kant be a sitizen & thus kant su NE-1.
2. Dred is a sitizen av Mazera, so kant yuze Illinois law.
3. Dred kant bekum free kauz kongres kant deprive sumwon av his
property (his slave).
4. Mazera kompromise av 1820 is nonkonstitushunal (ded)
In effekt, the kort sed NE-1 kan hav a slave NE-weer. This blo big
hole thru "popular Sovernity" that Douglas hav as his platform.
But that dont stop Douglas from keep arguing for it in politikal
speeches.
Linkoln-Douglas debates
1858...Linkoln & Douglas run for senat from Illinois.
Linkoln=republikan, Douglas=demokrat.
16 Jun 1858: Linkoln sed "A hous divided ginst self kant stand.
I beleev this guvt kant endure permanent half slave & half free
....It will bekum all 1 or all the other"
13 Okt 1858: (at Freeport) Linkoln ask Douglas bout the dred Skot kase.
him ask how sumwon in a territory kan exklude slavery. Douglas yuze
"popular Soverntee" & sae lokal folks make lokal laws. If em dont
want slaves, em kan outlaw it. In other werds, lokals kan ignore
the supreem kort. (If yu dont like wot kort sae, ignore it).
13 Okt 1858: (at Quinsee) Linkoln sae
"we thank slavery is a moral, a soshsl, a politikal rong...
we propose a koers av polasee tu deel with it as a rong."
Douglas sed "slavery is nun av yer biz" & "this kuntree kan exist
forever divided".
Linkoln repli "I thank yu for admit slavery must be forever".
Douglas was elekted tu the senat, but Linkoln wood hav his dae.
****** Slave Trade
The US & most Yerropeon kuntrees outlawed slave trade many yeers
ago. But the south insist it gotta hav slaves. Patrol ships off
Afrika, mostlee Brit ships, tri tu stop slavers. Estimate:
1840-1847 440,000 slaves went from Afrika tu the Amerikas. Most tu
kuba or other West Indees, for tu be smuggeled elsweer. After
Dred Skot verdik, the south tried tu repeel (kansel) the law that
forbit slave trade.
1856: Guvner James H Adams av South Karolina: "It is rite tu bi slaves in Virjinya
and take em tu Nu Orleens. Wi is it not rite tu bi em in Kuba, Brazil,
or Afrika?"
This was 2 bold even for the south, em did NOT push this thru kongres.
Many in the south at this time also proposed tu annex Kuba, tu
provide a good suppli av nu slaves. President Buchanan in his
messages tu kongres proposed this. Demokrat party platform in 1860
inklude it. Didnt happen kauz: leeder av blak rebels in Kuba was
ginst slavery. If the south tri tu take Kuba, em wood hafta fite him.
****** Divided
1858: Republikan party win many seets in Hous (start March 1859)
but the demokrats stil kontrol the senut.
roed tu war: 1859-1860
In 1859, a man (Booth) konvikted av resku a slave...Wiskonsin
supreem kort let him go on basis the fugitiv slave akt av 1850 is not
konstitushunal. US supreem kort overrule state kort. State lawmakers
quote the Kentuk resolushuns av 1798 that the South had quoted ever
sins as basis for states rites. Feds arrested booth & thro him in
prisun.
**** Jon Brown 16 Okt 1859
Jon Brown want tu bild a republik for runawae slaves in the
Appalachian Mountins.
16 Okt 1859: Jon Brown & 18 others with guns seezed the federal arsenal
at Harper's Ferry (Then in Virjinya). Kernel R E Lee leed a kumpanee
av mareens from DC & atak. Brown & 4 others kaptured (all others ded).
31 Okt 1859: jury sae him giltee av treesun ginst Virjinya.
02 Des 1859: guvt hang Brown
****** politiks in 1860
1860: Nashunal lekshuns, big issue=slaves. Republikan party platform
is middel av the roed: no slaves in teerritorees, but leev slaves
alone weer em be now. This is wishy-washy tu both sides.
It told south tu let the north alone=no slaves theer.
Mae 1860: republikans selekt Linkoln tu run for president
Demokrats had a konvenshun at Charleston, S Karolina. Southers insist
gotta hav a rabid pro-slave stand. Konvenshun refuze, then brake up.
Southers nominate Brekinridj. Other demokrats hav nuther konvenshun
in Baltimore & nominate Douglas for president.
Theer was a nu middel-av-the-roed party...National Konstitushunal
Yuenyun. It nominate Jon Bell av Tenn.
1860: theer R 18 free states & 15 Slave.
** the vote votes "lektorial kollej"
Linkoln 1,866,452 180
Douglas 1,376,957 12
Brekinridj 849,781 72
Bell 588,879 39
Note: South made shuer Linkoln was NOT on NE balot in 10 states in
the south.
sivil war war...1861-1865
****** The south start the sivil war bi leev the yuenyun ("union" in krat
speek).
12 Apr 1861: Reel fite start wen South Karolina fire on Fort Sumpter.
Leeders in south was afraed the north wanted tu free the slaves.
This was part rite. After 4 yeers av war, it was 90% rite.
23 states in north ginst 11 states in the "konfederasee".
****** prelim
Elekshun in Nov 1860. President & kongress take offis in March 1861.
President Bukanan kood hav dun sumthang tu stop war, but didnt.
24 Des 1860: South Karolina, a state konvenshun deklare the state independent.
"The yuenyun tween South Karolina and other states is herbi dissolved".
Bi January, Alabam, Florida, Jorjya, & Mississippi joined SK.
1 Feb 1861: 7 south states gotu Montgomery, Alabam & form the
Konfederat States av Amerika (Konfedrasee)
Later, Arkansas, Virjinya, Tenn, North Karolina join the rebels.
July 1861: Virjinya join south & Konfeds make Richmond theeer kapital.
2 Feb 1861: em elekt Jef Davis president. In Jan & Feb, president
Buchanan kood hav dun sumthang tu tri tu stop the south, didnt tri.
In July 1832, Kalhoon av South Karolina thretened tu leev. Pres
Jaksun yuzed strong werds, & kalhoon bak down.
Feb 1861: rebels took over all military bases in the south sept Fort
Sumpter (Charleston, S k) & Fort Pikkens (Pensakola)
Jef Davis kall for 100,000 volunteers. In publik, brass ignor the
reel issue (slaves). South make noises bout "states rites".
North sae it wanna prezerv the yuenyun. Both sides sound optimistik.
All big wigs sae us will win in 6 weeks.
Sivil war, kompare the 2 sides
**** populashun & industree...north hav a lot more
population north=18.9 milyun, south 5.5 milyun wites, 3.5 mil slaves.
(bout 1/3 av famlees in south had 1+ slaves)
industree: 1860 sensus: north hav 110,274 "industrial sites"
south hav 18,026. Nu York hav more than that
The north made almost evreethang it need for war, & soon make all.
valu av property: north=1.05 bilyun $, south=0.1 bilyun
estimated GDP: total=1.9 bilyun $, north=92.5% av that
raelroeds: north hav 20,000 miles, south:9,000 miles
telegraf lines: north=45,000 miles. south:5,000 miles
Yuenyun=23 states, Konfeds=11.
**** during the war:
North iron output up 29%, koel up 21%
raelroeds: mile av trak up 70%
Army gro tu:
1865: North=1,000,000 men, South=250,000
**** border states:
Maryland staed in yuenyun, but lotta trubel from south simpasizers.
19 Apr 1861: Mob av southers in Baltimore fite Mass militia that march
from 1 traen staeshun tu other. Later that dae, mobs blo up RR
bridjes. Army hafta rout traens around Baltimore. Linkoln send
jenral Butler tu Baltimore & him arrest the maer.
Kentuky: most folks was for the north, but guvner Magoffin tried tu
join south. Aft fyu months, Linkoln send troops tu hold Kentuk.
Mazera hav sivil war tween slave & free famlees
Kalifornya had breef fite ginst south simpasizers, but was 99% free
Tenn left yuenyun but mountin areas in eest then leev Tenn
Mountin west av Virjinya leev & make separat state: West Virjinya.
**** pinyuns, power
Evreewon in yerrop thot the south wood win
Evreewon in the south thot the south wood win
bout 40% in north thot the south wood win
In past, determined rebels won ginst 10-1 numbers: Holland ginst
Spaen+Frans & Grees ginst Terkee.
2 leeding English military riters sed south win is garanteed.
Tu win, south oenlee need tu defend self. North gotta okkupi south.
NE-thang short av kompleet destroy the konfedrasee=yu luze. Mor-ral:
South wae ahed. Wite leeders thank em defend a wae-av-life=defend basik
prinsapals, em see it as libertee ginst tyranee. nonleeders follo.
In the north, evreewon hav diff pinyun: full raenj from south luvers
tu rabid hate. At time pass during the war, both sides hardened.
The north win maenlee kauz:
1. see power...the north bloked south ports and strangel trade.
2. The north gradually bekum konvinsed theer kauz is rite
3. Linkoln freed the slaves
**** leeders
South: leeders & military brass with reel talent & lotta speereeans.
US guvt was run bi men from the south for last 30 yeers. Bigwigs in
south thank & akt like aristokrats...form sentralized guvt & kontrol
thangs tite. Jeff Davis had many yeers in guvt & military; was reknized
as military xpert. South was yunamimus for its "kauz". Davis selekt
men solely on merit & most staed tu the end. South hav many jenrals
with talent & speereeans in the Mexikan war. Biggest mistake
Davis made was tu run the war direkt insted av apoint top Jenral.
North: many thank Linkoln is nonkompetent stumbling dum klod.
North was divided, so Linkoln had tu be very kareful with politiks.
Was oft foersed tu aksept popular man in state x hu terned out tu be
hopeless bum.
North military was almost hopeless the first 2 yeers. Most
offisers was state politikans hu got appointed kauz em kan raes
a regiment av lokals. Most politikans dont no nuthun bout how tu
fite a war.
Not 1 man in Linkoln's kabinet was a freend av Linkoln.
Most had speereeans at state level but not nashunal. Had lotta
ternover as Linkoln look for sumwon with NE ability. Linkoln
was foersed tu spend 2 yeers looking for a military leeder.
In time Linkoln konvins most in the north that em fite for good
kauz...yuenyun, guvt av the folks, demokrasee.
**** Military
South: had the best leeders & many av em. Most was in the army wen
war start. South had Robert E Lee=the best jenral in the werld.
South started first: Davis asked for 100,000 volunteers on 6 March 1861.
North:
Army was hopeless at first bekauz most offisers defekted tu the south.
First 2 yeers was a serch for NE military man with talent. In time
found sum. The wons it found was all sivilyuns wen the war start.
Even the best was dum bout sum thangs & did not aksept nu weppons.
In 1864, North army had 860,000 men. That inklude 180,000 blaks.
The north sekret weppon was Linkoln. Him did not no military stuff &
so studeed. In praktis he was the best strategist in the north.
Him no the goel & alwaes stik tuit.
**** Sivil War Army
North enlist=2,778,304 during the sivil war
Army: 2,489,836 wite, 178,975 blak, 3,350 indians
Navy+ Mareens=105,963
Thees hav duplikates: wen sumwon reenlist, get kounted agin
estimated 2,000,000 different men was in North armed foerses 1861-65.
Size av Army: North South
total present present absent
Jan 1861: 16,367 14,633
July 1861: 186,751 183,588 Des 1861 209,852 68,088
Jan 62: 575,917 527,204 Des 62 253,208 145,424
Jan 63: 918,191 698,802 Des 63 233,586 186,676
Jan 64: 860,737 611,250 Jun 64 161,528 121,083
Jan 1865: 959,460 620,924 ??? 1865 160,198 198,494
Mar 1865: 980,086 657,747
1 Mae 65: 1,000,516
South: estimated 750,000 different men was in South armed foerses.
**** Guns
The musket was still the standard gun even tho rifels was availabel.
It yuze nu "minee ball"...its a shell, not a ball. It is dedlee
200 yards. This "ball" made it suiside tu atak dug-in defens kross
kleer feeld. Most military offisers never lern this.
**** North plans & stradejee
Jenral Skot, cheef av US army sed: need 300,000 men; take 3 yeers tu win.
Navy propose the "anakonda"=blok all trade in south, then squeez.
Eventually, the north did it but dont admit it. Politishuns dont dare
thank av yeers. Sekratary Seward sed it will take 90 daes. In praktis,
evreethang the first yeer was based on a short war. Army organized bi
states. Eech state raes its militia. Fed guvt just tell eech state how
many men it want from yu. First 2 yeers was all volunteer.
**** taktiks
Standard taktik was 2 lines av men (wen atak or defend). Attaker
march kross kleer ground in step with drums, lined up side-bi side.
At regular time step: stop, neel, aem, fire, stand up, loed, march.
Manuals sae tu keep marching til 2 sides meet & fite with bayonets.
This was kopeed from Yerrop wars. Dont appli in USA. Obsoleet in
Yerrop. Atak kros kleer feeld ginst prepped foe is suiside.
Sumtimes, the men get xsited & run insted av march. Offisher raes
theer hoerses intu men & swish sords at em tu tri tu foers em tu
stae in line. That fael & running men yuzeyuall win the fite.
Most jenrals never lern atak kros feeld is suiside.
Most fiting was infantree. Kalvary was for rekon & raeds & got all
the glory. Later, Yuenyun yuzed kalvary as dragoons (mounted infantree).
**** wepons
Standard infantry wepon was the musket, littel chaenjed sins Revolushun.
Maen impruve: powder put in bag ahed av time...more yuneform & small
impruev in speed tu lode gun; good man kan fire 3 bullets/minut.
Nu bullet was so dedlee, evreewon get killed at a distans. Standard
bullet was the "minee ball". It was NOT a ball. It is shaped like a
shell, just like bullets tudae. It replased ball ammo. Standard gun
was a smooth-bore musket, muzzel-lode, 0.58 inch bore. 4 ft 8 inch
long, 9 pounds. Dedlee at 200-250 yards. So many soldyers die in
atak kross open land, it was a skandal. Folks bak home komplae a lot
but military dont du nuthun bout it.
Linkoln interveened tu get repeeting rifels for the Kavalry over
the ded body av James W Riplee, cheef av Yuenyun Ordnans. The
"henree rifel" kum out in 1862. Hav 13 round magazine. Muve lever
down tu ejekt bras remaens av prior round, then up tu lode next
bullet (round). Good man kan fire 30 rounds/minut: 10 times the
speed av the musket. Raenj=1,000 yards, kompared tu 200 for musket
that fire a "minee ball". Kost=15-20$ (1 month's pae for a privut).
Gatling gun was availabel the last yeer av the war, but most hi
brass refuze tu yuze it.
**** artilree (kannon)
Kannon was supersize musket & just as obsoleet. Maen chaenj was
armees yuzed guns lite nuff so hoerses pull it & thus artilree keep
up with the army on the march. Kannon not akkurate nuff tu help
offens much, but was dedlee tu defend dug-in troops. Army had a
fyu nu parrot 3-inch rifeled kast-iron kannon. Mortars bekame
kommon tu seej forts or dun-in troops. Last yeer av war was mostly
trench warfare (like in WW1).
**** Navy
Navy had a 9-inch rifeled kannon. Maen nu thang: iron klad ships
invented bi both sides. This made wood warships obsoleet. The
under water skru propeller was so nu, most brass dont trust it.
But it bekame more kommon & replaes paddel weels.
Yuenyun yuzed many gunboets on Mississippi River tu bombard
Konfed forts.
**** geografee
Appalachun Mountins & Mississippi divide kuntree intu 3 bands.
Most fiting was along eest koest kauz DC & Richmond R theer.
Most fiting was in ruff forested land with sum kleerings, most
weer lokal populashun was small & oenlee skattered small towns.
Sivil War org & kondishuns
**** army org
10 kumpanees=1 regiment, 4 regiments=1 brigade, 4 brigades=divishun
2 or 3 divishuns=kore, 1 or more kore=army.
Regiment spozed tu hav 1,000 men, but yuzeyually hav half that.
brigade hav bout 2,500 men & was maen maneuver yunit.
**** kill & hert
Killed as % av populashun was hiest in NE US war.
Yuenyun=93,443 soldyers ded from fite, 210,400 from dazeez.
Disentary kill 44,558, Tyfoid=29,336, Lung dazeez=26,4658,
"fever"=15,570
South didnt keep good rekords...estimate 90,000 ded from fite,
175,000 from dazeez.
US populashun was bout 31 milyun & bout 540,000 died kauz av
the Sivil War.
North: averaej soldyer sik nuff tu gotu hospital 2 or 3 times/
yeer. Chans av servive hospital < servive batterfeeld.
Medasin was primitiv, dokters overweelmed, nerses not yet organized.
Sivil war, yeer 1=1861
12 Apr 1861 at 0430: Konfederat guns fire on Fort sumter. A releef ship
linkoln sent got theer a fyu ours later: kant get neer it.
13 Apr 1861: Sumter surrender.
15 Apr 1861: Linkolk kall for 75,000 volunteers...majer blunder=3 months oenlee.
17 Apr 1861: Virjinya leev yuenyun. Jef Davis start privateers
19 Apr 1861: Linkoln respond & tell navy tu blok ports in the south
19 Apr 1861: Federal troops marching thru Baltimore on wae tu DC was
ataked bi mobs. Linkoln tell army tu go around.
20 Apr 1861: Virjinya grab navy yard at Norfolk
1861, Eest (North Virjinya)
North muve intu the border area: Kentuk & mazera. Jorj B
McClellan leed Ohio volunteers fite off Konfeds in West Virjinya.
That + his big mouth made him a hero & him luv hero worshipers.
U S Grant keep Kentuk in the yuenyun. Mazera: Nathan Lyon fite
good nuff tu kontaen the konfeds for now.
The press in the north demand akshun. Month & month go bi with no
fiting. Theer was bout 25,000 volunteers around DC with 3 month terms.
Wi dont yu du sumthang with em b4 em go home? The kri was "on tu Richmond".
Jenrals sae em not redee, but jenrals alwaes sae that. Em was rite
the militia was half traened...long wae from reel army.
Politishuns want akshun, but em alwaes want that.
***** suwwot later, spring 1861
24 Mae 1861: Yuenyun troops okkupi Lee manshun in Arlington Hites=kross
the river from Wash DC.
**** Bull Run 1
South Jenral Boregard with 20,000 men bild defens line along
Bull Run=small kreek bout 30 miles SW av Wash DC (neer Manassas).
North jenral Irvin McDowel go theer. It was like a serkus parade.
floks av reporters, kongresmen, refined ladees, hangers-on av all
tipes.
18 July 1861: McDowel in posishun & kood atak, but dont. If him had,
him hav 2 times the number av men. Konfeds bring up 12,000 troops
under Jen Joe Jonston from the Shenandoa Vallee. North jenral
Robert Pattersun wan spozed tu tie down South army in the Shenandoa.
Him dont duit.
21 July 1861:
Fite neer Bull Run. North atak on west side (theer rite end).
Go good at first: push konfeds bak. But south rally. Shift troops
over tu meet the atak. Nu konfed troops get theer several times
that dae. South jenral Tom J Jaksun kum bi traen & get theer just
in time. Later kalled "stonewall Jaksun". Him bekum faemus for
alwaes muve faster than NE-1 spekt.
North routed...evreewon run in panik. Many troops thro awae theer
guns. Run all wae bak tu DC. South lost grate oppurtunity tu take DC...
it did not chase the rabbel. Johnson wanted tu gotu DC, but Jeff Davis
kame & sed no.
This fite gave the south a big moral boost. In Yerrop, it konfirmed
the komtempt big bras theer had for the North & inkreez the chans
England & Frans mite enter the war tu help the south. It foersed
the north tu relize it wood be a long war.
**** McClellan ("Littel Mak")
24 July 1861: Likoln giv Jorj McClellan kommand av the army av the Potomak:
all troops in & around DC. He was West Point graduate with speereeans
in Mexikan War. Him had a persunal magnetism that kauzed many tu
adore him like a god. Him troops luv him. As a military man him was
a grate taktishun if yu kan get him tu fite. But him make Linkoln
so mad & fret him no end... him alwaes refuze tu fite (army never
redee). Also had big mouth. Based on wot him sae, him better than
Napoleon & Seesar kombined. Wen him du fite, him alwaes sae the foe
hav army 3 times its reel size. Him also sae Linkoln is sewer skum
& moron. Not nies tu talk that wae bout yer boss. In 1864, him
run ginst Linkoln on platform that giv south all it want.
McKlellan was good organizer & bild an army that look grate on the
drill feeld. If oenlee him wood muve it tu the battelfeeld.
"all quiet along the Potomak" was the nuzpaper refraen.
01 Nov 1861: Jenral Skot fite with Mckelland & rezine in a huff.
Linkoln giv McClellan the post av Cheef av the army (replaes Skot).
Des 1861: Linkoln sed "if the jenral dont want the army, mae I borro it?"
**** Kongres kritize
20 Des 1861: kongres appoint "joint kommitee on the kondukt av the war"
radikal opponents av Linkoln dominated it. It was nuisans tu jenrals.
But it unkuvered massiv graft in the war dept.
1861, West, Mazera, Kentuk
Jon Fremont bekum jenral in charj av Mazera...slave state, split
bi its sivil war. The guvner is slave man & tri tu join the konfeds.
10 Aug 1861: Konfed army fite North army under Nat Lyon at Wilson Kreek.
Konfeds win & kill Lyon. Then seez Kolumbus, Kentuk.
Freemont was engineer hu never ben in a war. Oenlee speereeans like
war: him leed sivilyuns in Kalifornya tu free it from the Mexikans.
Konfed jenral=Albert S Jonston=long time military man hu fited in
the Mexikan war & faerly good military leeder.
30 Aug 1861: Freemont deklare marshal law & deklare all slaves in Mazera
are free. This is 2 much for Linkoln; him not redee tu free slaves.
Jenral Henree Hallek replaes Freemont. War dept make the "Dept
av Ohio"=raes nu army heded bi jenral Don K. Buel.
1861, Navy
Navy start with 42 ships, all wood (no iron klads). Most had
steem engins insted av saels. Won big advantage: politishuns did
NOT wanna be admirals, em wanna be Jenrals. So navy keep most good
leeders. Navy order nu modern ships, but take time tu bild em.
Navy bi many privut ships tu konvert tu gunships tu blokaed ports
in the south. Take til 1862 tu see progres. Eech yeer, navy add
more ports in the south it take awae from konfeds. Bi end av war,
kloes down almost all trade with south.
Konfeds had harder time. Even tho sum navy offisers went tu
the south, em did NOT bring theer ships. South had tu bild ships
from skratch. It didnt hav much industree, & no shipyards.
26 Aug 1861: Navy okkupi Hatteras, North Karolina...the "bakdoor"
weer konfeds kood hav landed stuff tu send tu Richmond.
27 Sep 1861: Navy take Ship Ieland in Gulf av Mexiko, for yuze as base
to atak ports on the gulf.
07 Nov 1861: Kommodor Sam DuPont land 17,000 men at Hilton Hed, S Karolina.
**** nu ships...Eriksun & the moniter
Aug 1861: Sweed inventer Jon Erikson submit his dezine for metal gun
ship tu Linkoln. Hav many nu ideas: propeller insted av paddel weels,
rotating gun turret. Most av boet underwater. Kalled a cheez box
on a raft. 987 tons. Bild it at Nu York Sitee. Sael 25 Feb 1862.
Sivil war, yeer 2=1862
***** politiks in 1862
15 Jan 1862: Linkoln appoint Stranton sekratary av War.
Stranton was a demokrat & was so overbeering, many got mad at him.
But him got akshun, foersed state brass tu du sumthang,
displined slakkers.
Homested akt...Yu get 160 akers free if yu liv on the land &
"develop" it. 15,000 homesteds bi war end.
*** Konfeds
April 1862: Konfed states start a draft. In theeree, it get evree man 18-35.
later aej raenj=17-50. Lotta fuss kauz many exempt: teechers, ministers,
raelwae werkers. Later konfed kongres add overseeers at plantashuns.
South Karolina deside if it kan nullifi US laws, it kan also nullifi
konfed laws & did. Soon, its kleer this "rich mans war & poor mans fite".
*** North plan for 1862:
1. McClellan advans on Richmond (Eest front)
2. Don Karlos Buel, kommander in the west (Army av the Ohio)
tu resku surrounded yuenyun foerses in Tenn, then go south & kut
hiwae tween Memfis & Richmond.
Several jenrals under him fite konfed grueps in Kentuky. Jorj Thomas
made sum progress, but all bog down in mud
3. Along the Mississipi, Henree W Hallek tu make gunboets, put em
on the Mississip, & send army south along the river.
Goel=take viksberg, then meet Farragut.
Farragut (Navy) tu take Nu Orleens & go north up Mississippi.
war in the eest, 1862
McClellan spend fall & winter, then spring tu bild up & org the
biggest army Amerika had seed til then. But him refuze tu fite.
Many politikans suggest him reelee a souther...him delae & delae.
McClellan is a demokrat & Republikans dont trust him. Take forever
for McClelland tu du NE-thang. Linkoln sae "hes got the sloes".
Wen McClelland du gotu war, him alwaes klaem his foe hav 3-5 times
the reel number. In Mae 1862 in the peninsula, Him klaem Jonston
hav 300,000 men. Max Jonston ever hav was 60,000 No 1 army in
the feeld in the Sivil war ever hav even 200,000 men.
McClelland & Peninsula, spring 1862
McClellan boested "I'll be in Richmond in 10 daes". didnt make it
in 100 daes. Him first plan tu march thru Fredericksberg, but
Joe Jonston get theer first. Linkoln told him tu yuze Navy & go
around bi see so navy kan help him.
11 Mar 1862: Linkoln fire McClelland from job as boss av all North
Armees. Linkoln is the military boss (heep big cheef jenral).
Now McClelland oenlee kommand the army at the Potomak. But wot
a army it is: 110,000 men...biggest ever seed in North Amerika.
Em go bi boet tu York River (Point komfort) on north side av
peninsula tween James & York Rivers. Rong plaes. Him shood hav
gotu James River on south side av Penisula. Then kan go upriver
tu Richmond. Then McClelland waest a month tu seej Yorktown.
His ships kan go bi it eezee. Note: Grant on the Mississip
oft take his ships past konfed strong points on river banks.
Go around & land troops weer him want.
Robert E Lee (in overall kommand av konfeds in Virjinya) hav
plenty av time tu bring in troops from all over. Jonston kommand
Konfed troops neerest Mcklellan. Him dig trenches, fite a dae or 2
wen atakked, then retreet 3 or 4 miles, dig nu trenches,...
Konfeds hav 15,000 men. McClelland hav 53,000 on the ground tu
atak em. McClelland dont atak. Him bring up hugh motars & start
seej.
*** wae out west
North also hav 28,000 troops in West Virjinya & the Shenandoa Vallee.
Maen job is keep konfeds theer bizee so em kant join Lee. Em fael.
8 Mae 1862: Stonewall Jaksun beet Freemont, then beet Banks at Winchester
in mountins wae out west.
8 Jun 1862: Stonewall Jaksun duit agin. This foers north tu keep
lotta troops wae out west. Jaksun leev small skreen theer & take
most av his men tu Richmond.
*** eest koest
4 Mae 1862: McClelland fire first kannon shots at konfed lines.
It miss kauz konfeds withdraw nite B4.
10 Mae 1862: North navy under Komodor Goldsboro take Norfolk, Virjinya.
Konfeds bern Norfolk & flee west. Hafta sink the Merrimak kauz
it 2 deep in water=kant go up the James River.
A moniter go upriver but stop 8 miles from Richmond wen artilree
fire at it. Goldboro beg McClellan tu kum help him, but McClellan
refuze. Him wed tu his fixed plan. Him kant adapt or chaenj tu match
wot happen in the feeld. Several bloody ataks ginst prepped defens:
West Point, Willyumsberg.
31 Mae 1862: Battel av Faer Oeks: Jonston ginst McClellan is a draw.
Jonston is hert, Lee take his plaes. Jaksun kum from Shenandoa Vallee
now threten McClellan's rite.
25 June: McKlelland muve his base over tu James River.
26 June: start av "7-dae battel": Lee atak McKlellan. Seerees av fite
& march, fite, kountermarch. Heer McKlelland sho him good at taktiks,
his oenlee good point. Konfeds luze 20,614 men, North: 15,849.
2 July 1862: Lee retreet, much weekened bi lost men. Grate opportunity
for the north. Not tu be. McClellan send messages bi the skore tu
DC. Evree message klaem konfeds hav 3 times the men him hav, but
McClellan hav bout 40% more than the konfeds. Evreewon in DC mad
at him. The kommittee on the kondukt av the war want his skalp.
McKlellan hav strong navy tu protekt his base, so Lee dont dare
get kloes. But Mc refuze tu muve...him sit & dont du nuthang.
3 Aug 1862: Hallek (nu supreem kommander av all armys) order him bak
tu DC. Thus South save Richmond & theer army. In effekt em beet
the north. This made the south konfident. Em beleev em kan beet
NE north army. Lee sho him is a grate military kommander. This
good nuz bring fresh volunteeers. Revive hopes in the South.
Rappahannok, Aug 1862 (2nd bull run)
nu north jenral=POPE. Hav 75,000 men. Lee hav 55,000
Hallek go bak tu the old plan tu march from DC tu Richmond
(direkt rout). Him bring Jenral Jon Pope from the west tu leed
the Army av the Potomak. Pope muve troops tu the Rappahannok Riv.
26 Aug 1862: Lee send Jaksun around the west end av pope's army intu
his reer. Jakson march 50 miles in 36 ours & is now tween the north
army & DC. Jaksun take pope's supplies.
29-30 Aug: Sekond battel av Bull Run (Manassas)...north luze agin.
In effekt, this push all north armys outta Virjinya.
2 Sep 1862: Linkoln put McClellan bak in kommand av all troops neer DC.
Antietan (sharpsberg): Sep 1862
Lee invade the north...kross Potomak. Lee hav 39,000 men.
McKlellan hav 70,000
5 Sep 1862: Lee kross the Potomak at Sharpsberg, hope tu take Harrisberg,
Penn. Lee send Jonsun tu Harper's Ferry (off west). McClellan
gotu Frederik Town.
13 Sep 1862: McClellan get kopy av Lee's plan (kareless konfed left it behind).
14 Sep: "south mountin"=north side av weer Potomak go thru Blue Ridj.
McClellan send small foers ahed tu take the pass.
16 Sep: Lee rush south & meet McClellen.
17 Sep: Antietam or Sharpsberk batte: Lee is trapped with his bak tu
the river. Hills all around. No room tu muve around. Bekum a
toe-tu-toe fite. Konfeds luze 10,700 men. Feds luze 12,410.
Lee luze so many men, him gotta retreet. If McKellan atak, him
kood hav wiped out Lee & his army. McKellan dont atak.
18 Sep 1862: McClellan refuze tu fite, even tho half his men did not get
intu the fite the dae B4. Lee slip awae, even tho it wood hav
ben eezee tu trap lee north av the Potomak River.
McClellan get the "sloes"=drag his feet=muev slo or not.
Linkoln deside tu self: if Lee get tween North army & Richmond,
fire "littel Mak".
26 Okt 1862: McClellan kross Potomak intu Virjinya. Lee put troops south
av him (tween him & Richmond).
07 Nov 1862: Linkoln fire McClellan. Nu boss=Ambrose E Bernside.
Bernside had ben good in his kommands til this, but now got
promoted abuv his ability. He was a disaster.
Frederiksberg, des 1862
Nu north jenral=Ambrose E BERNSIDE. Hav 113,000 men. Lee hav 73,000
Plan was tu fool Lee bout atak much farther west, then North army
muve fast tu Frederiksberg & kross B4 lee kan get theer.
15 Nov 1862: North army muve out.
17 Nov 1862: Sumner get tu north side av Rappahannok River kros from
Fredsberg. Him wanna kross now tu take the hi ground on south side.
Konfeds hav a bout 500 men theer tu watch ginst NE north muve.
At that time water was lo so kan ford the river. But it raen
Bernside thank river gonna rise. Him sae waet for pontoon bridjes.
21 Nov 1862: Konfed jenral Longstreet get theer, so now konfeds hav
strong defens in plaes on hi ground.
25 Nov 1862: First pontoon bridjes get tu Fredsberg.
Lee add stonewall Jaksun tu defenses. Lee not shuer weer atak will
be, so him spred his men along 12 or 15 miles av river.
11 Des 1862: North engineers start tu put tugether first bridj.
Konfed sharpshooters kill so many engineers, em talk top bras intu
send sum men over river in boets. Em kleer the town av foe.
Bridjes get bilded. North army enter the town at the base av hi
hill.
13 Des 1862: Bernside did 6 front ataks kros open feelds=suiside.
First gotta go kross river plaen bout 200 yards wide.
Luze 12,653 men, Konfeds luze 5,309. Gloom & Doom.
Suen aft, Linkoln fire Bernside.
********
The thang most kleer at end av 1862 is the north need good jenrals.
war in the west, 1862
10 Jan 1862: Kernel Garfeeld defeet konfeds in Kentuk, but then sit
& sit & sit &...
19 Jan 1862: konfed Jenral Zollinkoffer attak Jenral Jorj H Tomas at
Mill Springs, Kentuk. Tomas win, but get mired in mud & grind
tu a stop.
Grant & Foot
It is very gloomy for the north til a nu teem liven up thangs out west.
Kaptin Grant was a former Lutenant in Mex war hu lerned tu hate army
life. Him left & tried many sivilian bizes. Fael at all. Wen war
kum, Illinois guvner make him kernel av volunteers, & giv him a
regiment. Him sho up in old ragged sivee koet=look like a bum.
Dont look or akt military. Dont boest. Dont giv stirring speeches.
Hav self douts bout his ability.
First job is tu atak rebels under kernel Harris. Konfeds run
from a fite. Guvt make Grant a jenral. Army send him tu Kairo, Ill.
Weer the Ohio meet the Mississip. 50 miles up the Ohio River R 2
parallel rivers =Tenn & Kumberland that provide a rout south. Both
rivers flo north tu the Ohio & R deep nuff for most ships.
Konfeds bild fort Henree on the Tenn & Donelsun on the Kumberland.
Jenral Hallek= north jenral in overall kommand av the West.
Engineer in St Luis=J B Eads bild nu gunboets...flat bottom like barj
with steep roof with iron sheet on top wen em kan get it.
Gunboets under Komodore Andru Foot. Grant & Foot make lively teem.
*** Ft Henree
30 Jan 1862: Grand get with Komodor Foot & atak Fort Henree.
06 Feb 1862: gunboets smash Fort Henree. Small fleet av gunboets go up
Tenn River almost tu Mississippi state. Most konfeds in Ft Henree
gotu Ft Donelson. Konfed jenral Albert S Jonston send more men.
*** Ft Donelson
Fort Donelson...on Kumberland bout 15 miles eest av Tenn River.
At first, konfeds had 5,000 in Ft Donelson, but get men hu flee
from Ft Henree. Then top bras send more. Hav bout 20,000 wen
Grant get theer with bout same number men. As B4, grant go bi
land, gunboets bi river.
Konfed top jenral in kentuk=Jonston. Him take his men from Bowling
Green (Boregard) & send em tu Ft Donelson. In effekt, him abandon
west half av Kentuk.
Lokal konfed kommander=Jon B Floyd. Him was sekratary av war
under president Bukanun. Yuenyun guvt want him, charj him with
graft bak then.
13 Feb 1862: gunboets atak. Foot got 2 kloes & his shots go over the
fort & fall in emptee forest. Him luze 2 av 6 gunboets.
15 Feb 1862: Konfed Jon B Floyd atak. Him hav strong defens & kood
hav fited a long time. But him afraed tu surrender, kauz av the
charjes ginst him.
Plan=brake thru Yuenyun lines & go south=run awae. Grant is awae
talking tu Foot. Konfed Nathan B Forrest kalvary brake thru North
army & get behind em. Simon Bukner join him. Look like north army
bout tu fall apart.
Grant rush bak, send men under Smith tu the brakethru. Konfeds
retreet bak intu the fort. Grant is kalm & desisive under fire.
16 Feb 1862: Konfeds surrender 11,500 men.
US get nu term "unkondishunal Surrender Grant".
This is first viktree av NE portans for the North. At last, hav
sumthang tu cheer bout. Folks bak home happy for a fyu daes.
Konfed jenral A S Jonston retreet tu Memfix. Grant want tu chaes
him, but his boss Hallek wont let him. Hallek is jellus av Grant
& tri tu fire him. But Linkoln step in & stop that. But Hallek
tell Grant tu take sum ielands in the Mississip: Nu Madrid &
ieland 10.
Konfeds take advantaej av the delae & assembel 50,000 men neer
Korinth, Miss.
Shilo or Pittsberg Landing
Grant send advans gard tu Pittsberg Landing, Tenn, on the Tenn
River, bout 20 miles north av Korinth. Grant hav bout 33,000 men
spred out over rather big area. Grant waet for Buel with the
Army av the Ohio. Buel is slo as molassis.
03 Apr 1862: Konfed jenral Jonston start 40,000 men march tuward Grant.
Grants men was green & very sloppy bout bild defens & setup outposts
or skout for possabel foe neerbi. Konfeds kamp 2 miles awae &
nowon notis.
06 Apr 1862: North jenral Sherman send skouts out & em blunder intu
konfed atak. Jonston=top konfed jenral with Boregard under him.
Sherman man his defenses as konfeds atak. Konfeds brake thru his
left. Several kernels run awae. Kaeos behind the lines. Konfeds
push the atak.
Grant was 10 miles awae at Shilo, hert kauz his hoers fell on him.
Grant go forward & run intu the kaeos. Him bring order & kalm the
men, organize defens tu protekt the river landing. Both sides hav
mostly green men hu kant be kontrolled. Fite dejenerate intu
grueps that blunder intu eech other.
Jonston leed atak ginst Prentis at the Peech Orchard & is killed.
Konfeds keep ataking intu the nite. Sum run outta ammo & retreet.
That nite, sum Yuenyun reinfoersments get tu the landing.
07 Apr 1862: Grant atak erlee in the morn. This sprize konfeds hu
thot em had won this fite. Based on past speereeans, em spekt
north troops ran awae in the nite. Fite intu the afternoon.
Both sides so tired, em kan hardlee fite. Konfeds retreet.
Grant dont chaes him kauz his men R exhaused. Buel get theer,
but refuze tu atak.
North lost 13,000 men, out av 55,000. South lost 11,000 outta
42,000. Very hevee loss kauz wild outkri in north nuzpapers.
Other jenrals make hae (plae politiks). Bigwigs tri tu get
Linkoln tu fire Grant. Linkoln sed "I kant spare him...him fite".
Hallek took persunal kommand av grants army, bild it up tu 100,000
men. Take a month tu go 23 miles. Konfeds slip awae.
Faragut & Nu Orleens
24 Apr 1862: Komodor Farragut sael thru Karrabean, up Mississippi,
atak Konfed forts 90 miles south av Nu orleens. Konfeds sunk ships
& put poles in river tu blok it. Farragut krash thru it.
25 Apr 1862: Farragut at Nu Orleens. Konfeds slip awae in the nite.
Army Jenral B F Butler okkupi Nu Orleens.
15 Mae 1862: Butler order Kreole wenches off streets or " be treeted as
woman av the town pliing her trade". (gotu jael).
Farragut take Baton Ruej. Keep going.
Viksberg, 1862
06 Jun 1862: Yuenyun gunboets defeet konfed ships on Miss at Menfis.
1 July 1862: Farragut & Foot meet abuv Viksberg, Miss.
Des 1862: Grant muve his army tu west side av Mississip, 20 mile abuv
Viksberg. Yazoo river meet Miss on eest side a fyu miles north
av Viksberg. That area is a big swamp. Grant spend 3 months tri
tu find wae tu muve round Viskberg. Even tri tu dig kanal thru
swamp. Nuthun werk. Yeer end with no apparent progres.
**** Stones River
Linkoln fire jenral Buel & put Rosekrans at hed av north army in mid
Tenn. Him hav 45,000 men. Spozed tu go south & take Chatanooga.
South hav jenral Brag with 38,000 men. The 2 fite neer Murfreesboro
(30 miles SE av Nashvil).
31 Des 1862: North atak, fite all dae. Its a draw. Both sides luze
bout 12,000 men (very hevee). Both sides then go intu winter kamp.
**** summary, 1862 in the west
In 1862, North take kontrol av most av the Mississippi River.
This almost strangel trade with slave states west av theer, in
partikular Texas. But theer is still a gap at Viksberg.
navy in 1862
Moniter & Merrimak
Apr 1861: Konfeds take over Norfolk, Virjinya with shipyard that
hav several navy gunships, a dridok, & many navy guns.
North keep fort Monroe on north side av James River, at tip av
the peninsula.
July 1861: Konfeds raes the sunk navy ship Merrimak with 40 guns, toe
her intu the dridok, & start werk tu make her intu ironklad.
Merrimak was modern ship with "skrues" (propeller insted av paddel
weels) Konfeds bild sloped sides & kuver it with 2-inch iron plates.
& add ram.
8 March 1862: Konfeds sael out & blast North warships that blok
Norfolk harber. Batter Kongres & Kumberland intu reks. Kannon
shell from wood ships bouns off the sides av the Merrimak.
9 March 1862: first fite tween ironklads. This sho wood warships
R obsoleet. Aft this, all gotta be Iron & steel.
Konfed Merrimak sael out tu brake North blokaed. Morth ship
Moniter get theer just as Merrimak kum out. Both fire at eech
other all dae long. Neether kan hert the other much. Fite is a
draw. That meen North stil blok the Hampton Rodes area=keep south
ships from kum or go tu Norfolk & Portsmouth. North hav industree
tu make many ironklads. South kant duit as much.
Moniter=small (172 ft long bi 42 ft wide), almost all underwater.
It hav round turret with 2 11-inch guns that rotate 360 degrees.
Very radikal dezine. Tern out it was 2 loe in the water. During the
war, several sink in storms. The basik idea av metal sides &
guns that rotate bekum the hart av warships aft this.
*** other ports
April 1862: Navy okkupi Nu Bern & Fort Makon, NK, then Fort Pulaski
that kontrol akses tu Savana, Jorjya.
25 Apr 1862: Farragut at Nu Orleens.
*** blokaed runners
Private shipbilders in England & Kanada bild blokaed runners for
Konfeds. Privat biers & sellers. Brit guvt look other wae
(tern blind ie). Dezined for max speed...14 nots tu outrun NE
North gunships that tri tu take em. Konfeds had up tu 200 such
runners at 1 time.
All R small. Kant hold much kargo. So kaptins konsentrate on
luxree goods for max profit. estimated life av a runner was 4.5
trips til kaptured or run aground. Bi end av war almost all gon.
North navy took 295 konfed steemers & konverted sum tu gunboets
tu join the blokaed fleet.
Sum in England also make steem raeders for the Konfed...ships
dezined tu take mershant ships on the hi sees. Sum such as Alabam
bekame faemus.
29 July 1862: Alabam gotu see. Take lotta ships til 1864 wen Keersage
sink her.
forin, 1862
Britian & Napoleon-3 mettel at max speed in US internal affaers in 1862.
Both was konvinsed the south will win & wanna make hae wile em kan.
July 1862: England let the konfed armed ship "Alabama" gotu see tu prae
on merchant ships. This violate nuetralitee laws.
7 Okt 1862: Gladstone sed "Jef Davis made a naeshun". But Antietam made
most Brit bigwigs hesitate.
emancipashun proclamashun=free skaves
April 1862: kongress free all slaves in DC
June 1862: kongress free all slaves in all territorees
12 Jul 1862: Konfiskashun akt...free slaves av all rebels the north kapchuer.
It also let Linkoln yuze blaks in the army.
emansipate=free the slaves...23 Sep 1862
Linkoln deklaer slaves R free in areas that rebel ginst the yuenyun.
Naturally, slave oeners in the south wont free NE slaves. But it impli
wen north army kum, it will free em. Tu start on 1 Jan 1863. Linkoln
desided tu du this bout 3 months B4, but wanted tu duit after a viktree.
Theer was so much bad nuz on the battelfeeld, if duit aft a defeet, it will
sound like the last gasp av a dieing sik man. Antietam looked good nuff.
Politikans kan kall it a viktree. B4 this, wen north armees go south,
Blaks flok tu the army in hopes tu be free. Military dont no wot tu du.
Jenral Butler deklared em "kontraband" & org em intu werk batalyuns.
Linkoln sed "I feel slavery must die that the naeshun liv".
politikal, late 1862
Nov 1862 lekshuns: "pees demokrats" gain seets in hous. Many in north
R tired av war & diskeraejed.
Sivil war, yeer 3=1863
1863 is the yeer the North definitely kame out on top...okkupi
the Mississippi River & thus kut off west from the Konfeds.
Defeet the last South tri tu invade the north (Gettysberg).
****** Draft (first military draft in United States)
03 Mar 1863: kongress pass konskripshun (draft). Very poor law.
Eech state hav a quota based on how many liv theer. Subtrakt the volunteers.
Then selekt names bi lot. West states volunteered more, so draft dont
affekt em. Preests & hed-av-houshold dont get drafted. If yer name
kum outta the hat, yu kan bi yer wae out for 300$. Or yu kan find
(pae) sumwon tu take yer plaes. Thus, rich get outta draft. If draftee
dezert on dae 1 in the army, dont matter. This law hert the poor &
werking men. Many opposed it.
13 Jul 1863: Nu York: wile drawing names from urn, mob drive awae the guvt men.
Irish mob take tu the streets. loot, bern, kill for 4 daes. Wen run outta
blaks, em atak Chineez & Jermans. kill bout 300. destroy bout 1 milyun $.
Require army tu kum in & brake the looting.
Volunteers got a bountee (munee). Maen effekt av the draft was tu inkreez
the number av volunteers. Thus, number drafted was small.
1863 & 64:834,692 volunteers.
776,829 names drawed. 402,723 get out bi pae 300$ or dont pass fizikal.
200,921 subs take his plaes
46,347 reel number drafted. [was the riot werth that?]
war in the eest, 1863
Army av the Potomak got a nu Jenral: Joe Hooker. Nuther good kommander
at loer level hu did not make it after promoshun.
Hooker reorged his army intu 7 infantree kores + 1 kavalree.
Impruev food & hospitals wich kut the dezert rate.
Apr 1863: hav 94,000 men
**** Chancelorsville...Mae 1863
29 Apr 1863: Hooker get 3 kores kross the Rapahananok River
Meed's kore push bak men under Jubal Erlee (first yunit Lee send)
Hooker also hav 40,000 men at Fred's berg hu kood atak small number
av konfeds. Him never tell em tu du NE-thang.
02 Mae 1863:Lee send send stonewall Jaksun around rite end av Yuenyun line.
Him first had tu go sidewise in front av hooker. Yuenyun skouts
& baloons see this & tell Hooker. Hooker dont du nuthun.
Jaksun with 25,000 men atak yuenyun rite at 6pm (Jenral Howard)
North army flee in utter panik.
04 Mae 1863:Hooker retreet behind the Rappahannok River.
37,000 av his men never got intu the fite.
Hooker luze 17,000 men, Lee luze 13,000
At nite, a south sentree shoot Jenral Jaksun, hu die soon after.
*****
Sum komentaters kall this the hi water mark av the konfedrasee.
Thru this time, Lee win evree fite him is in. Him keep the rebels
alive. But the north strangel hold now get tite. Lee & other
konfed jenrals luze so many men on battelfeeld, kant replaes em.
Size av konfed army dekreez from now on. North blok trade make
life in south harder & harder. South dont hav nuff industree tu
maentaen its raelrodes. If hafta rip out raels from sekondary lines
tu keep open the maen lines. This kut its abel tu muve army around.
Suen south kant suppli its armys. Soldyers R alwaes short av shues
& ammo. South depend on take supplies from north armys.
Gettysberg, July 1863
1863: Lee deside tu invade the north. Perhaps him thank that will
diskeraej northers & inkreez the "pees demokrats". Part av the
reesun was tu feed & suppli his men. South suppli brake down.
From now on, konfed troops R short av food & ammo. Lee kant liv
off the land in Virjinya; need tu go north tu get food & shues.
03 June 1863: Lee with 76,000 men hed north.
09 June 1863: big kavalree fite, bout 10,000 on eech side: draw.
But konfed kal under Stuart get 2 far awae tu skreen & skout for Lee.
27 June 1863: Lee kross intu Pennsland
28 June 1863: Hooker rezine. Nu boss av north army=Jorj Gordon Meed.
Meed was not noted for smart maneuvers but was solid and almost never
make dum mistake. Big impruevement over hooker.
Both north & south troops R spred over big area. Both kommanders
deside tu kloes up.
29 June: Lee deside: gotu Kashtown tu form defenses & waet for foe tu sho.
Meed also wanna defend & waet.
30 June: A P Hill (south) hed for Gettysberg tu look for shues. Bump
intu North kalvary (Jon Buford). Both sides hed for Gettysberg.
********** Gettysberg
01 July: south troops muve faster & get tu Gettysberg faster. Thus
south hav more men theer & atak on 1 & 2 July.
01 July: south drive north army bak thru the town; Retreet tu Sematary
Hill (or Ridj). As north troops get theer, em gotu this area=mid
av north defens line. South bend rite end av north line 180 deg
til it is on Kulp's hill.
02 July: Ewell (south) take Kulp Hill at rite end av north defens line.
At other end, Longstreet push north bak tu Littel Round Top.
03 July: Lee send his kalvary off behind north. North & south hoersmen
fite=draw...no impakt on the fite.
North push Ewell off Kulp Hill. Meed reinfoers his senter.
*** Pikket's charj
1pm: south atak senter=front atak kross open feeld.
15,000 men with Pikket in the leed march 0.75 mile in the open.
a fyu men made it intu the first yuenyun line but dont liv tu tell
bout it.
04 July: both sides sit theer & dont du nuthun. At sundown, Lee start
bak south tu Sharpsberg. The Potomak is in flood, so Lee kant kross.
Perfekt time for Meed tu atak. Him dont.
07 July: Linkoln rite note that tell Meed tu atak Lee. Military
ignore it.
14 July: Lee xkape kross the Potomak.
So end the last hope the south mite win the war. From this point
the South tri tu stae alive as long as it kan & hope the North get
tired & giv up...it almost did.
*** north luze 23,000 men. South luze 20-25,000.
South luze NE chans tu defeet north on the fite-feeld.
19 Nov 1863: Gettysberg Address.
war in the west, 1863
1863: North Kumberland army under jenral Rosekrans is in mid Tenn
neer Murfreesboro. South army under Braxton Brag watch it.
Grant with Tenessee Army is north av Viksberg, Miss neer Yazoo Riv.
Viksberg, Apr-July 1863
Viksberg was a strong Konfed stronghold on the Mississippi River
south av Memfis. It is on a hi bluf abuv the river, so not eezee
tu tri tu land troops theer. A fyu miles north is the Yazoo river
& very swampy land that make it hard tu tri tu atak from theer.
Konfeds had strong foerses inland tu diskeraej overland atak from
Tenn.
Konfed Jon C Pemberton hav 56,000 men in Viksberg; 11,000 more
konfeds in Jaksun, Miss (state kapital) 40 miles eest av Viksberg.
Grant is on west side av the Miss River.
Bak then, Miss River make big loop, so hav peninsula with
Viksberg at the tip. Grant spend last 3 months av 1862 tu dig a
kanal kros the base av this. Him want tu divert Miss River & leev
Viksberg hi & dri. But the river refuze tu go thru his kanal.
April 1863: Grant hav Sherman pretend tu fite north av Viksberg tu
distrakt konfeds. Also hav kalvary kum south outta Tenn tu rade
thru Miss tu disrupt the konfeds.
16-17 Apr 1863: Porter run 12 ships past Viksberg tu get tu the
south side.
22 Apr: Porter take big konvoy av supply ships south past Viksberg.
29 Apr: Porter destroy Konfed guns at Grand Gulf.
30 Apr 1863: Grant start muve his 20,000 men kross the Miss River tu
the eest side, at Bruinsberg.
Sherman atak konfeds at Haynes Bluf (north av Viksberg) tu konfuze foe.
Grant march eest thru ruff forest tuward Jaksun, Miss. Em liv off
the land. Wen konfeds kum outta Viksberg tu kut his suppli line,
aent no such line.
08 Mae 1863: Sherman join Grant...33,000 men.
14 Mae 1863: Grant & Sherman beet Jonston at Jaksun, Miss.
Grant tern west, but leev Sherman tu destroy raelroeds & konfed
supplies around Jaksun.
16 Mae: Pemberton send out part av his army & attak Grant at Champion Hill.
17 Mae: Sherman take bridj over Blak Riv, 10 miles eest av Viksberg.
Sherman go north tu take kare av skattered konfed strong points.
Net result is all Konfed troops stil alive in the state R penned
in Viksberg.
19 Mae 1863: Grant atak Viksberg, wich fael, so grant start seej.
Sherman take Haynes Bluf on the Yazoo that provide a port tu bring
in supplies without hafta run past Viksberg.
04 July 1863: Viksberg surrender 30,000 troops. Grant paro em.
Konfeds cheet: Grant will later faes the same foe troops at Chatanooga.
**** Port Hudson...last konfed strong point on the Mississippi Riv
South av Viksberg, 24 miles upriver from Baton Ruej, luisiana.
Jenral Banks atak it. Farragut on the river tu help.
09 July 1863: Post Hudson surrender 30,000 troops.
Chattanooga, late 1863
23 Jun 1863: Rosekrans start south from Murfreesboro tuward Chattanooga.l.
16 Aug 1863: at Tullahoma, bout 30 miles awae
South jenral=Braxton Brag. Him retreet thru chattanooga intu north
part av Jorjya. Jef Davis send men, inklude Longstreet him take
from Lee. Bild up 70,000 konfeds theer. This area is hilly with
many steep gullys, sum with a streem in the bottom.
*** Chickamuga
19 Sep 1863: Brag atak north rite wing with Thomas & McKook.
This fael, so shift tu left side. Rosy shift Thomas over theer
tu kounter. South atak & Thomas in trubel; kall for help. Rosy
tri tu muve 1 divishun from rite, but it get lost. Then longstreet
atak the rite in gap left bi that division that got lost.
North rite side kollaps=kaeos & panik. But Thomas held...
"rok av Chikamuga". That nite Thomas retreet in good order.
Konfeds luze 18,500 men. North 16,200. South kall it a win.
*** Chattanooga
South send in troops & okkupi the hi ground that overlook Chatt.
Rosekrans is boxed in & almost surrounded. Linkoln send Grant.
Linkoln make Grant boss av north troops tween the Allegany moutins
& Miss Riv. Linkoln send Hooker west. Grant bring in Sherman.
26 Okt 1863: Grant send 1500 men tu Brown Ferry west av Chat, as first
step tu open a suppli line tu Chat. Hooker march overland tu open
the "kraker line".
South take 15,000 men from Chat area & send em tu Noxvil, Kentuk.
Wash DC panik. Demand Grant send men theer. Grant ignore this.
Nov 1863: Hooker on rite, Sherman on left, Thomas in senter.
23 Nov 1863: Thomas advans tu base av the hills (Orchard Nob).
24 Nov 1863: Hooker atak & go up tu top av Lookout Mount
("battel in the klouds(fog)").
25 Nov 1863: Sherman atak, but littel progres. Grant agree tu Thomas
request tu advans tu take presshuer off Sherman. Wen Thomas's men
advans, men get xsited & charj up over Misshunary Ridj, rout konfeds.
Konfeds retreed tu Dalton, Jorjya. This open the door tu maby
the north go south tu Atlanta.
North luze 5,800 men, south:6,600. Politishuns bak eest now sae
Grant is a grate jenral.
navy in 1863
*** Konfed raeders:
Konfed raeders took or sink 257 US merchant ships in the war: 5%
av US ships. All but 2 was sael ships. Konfed warship "Alabam"
sank 64 us merchant ships in Atlantik & Indian Oeshun.
June 1863: US warship "Keersarj" waet outside French port til Alabam
kum out...hard fite bekauz 2 ships equal. Alabam sink.
Konfed runner "Florida" ran in/out av Mobile several times. Kaptin
add kannon tu several kaptured ships & go raeding. In a raed off
Maen, him kum in port at nite & steel kustum boet. Portland maer
chaes him in a paddelweel steemer. Maer win
forin, 1863
Lotta kries for "mediashun" from Yerrop in 1863. All such impli
yu gotta rekniz the konfederasee=north luze. Most was B4 Gettysberg.
South agent Slidell in Frans made sum progress with "Napoleon the
littel". Napoleon wont akt without England. Bigwigs in English
guvt fraed tu akt after Linkoln free the slaves. Folks wood hav
revolted if bigwigs support slavery in the open.
Napoleon was in middel av an "advenchuer" in Mexiko & want tu
enkeraej konfeds as much as him dare...that help him in Mexiko.
April 1862: Napoleon put 30,000 troops in Mexiko.
June 1862: Napoleon okkupi Mex Sitee. Setup puppet guvt (Maximilian
from Austria).
**
Konfeds ordered ironklad "rams" with 2 turrets from Laird shipyard
in England. Kleer this is blokaed runners or raeders.
3 Sep 1863: England stop delivery & later bi em (After the meening
av gettysberg sink in). More ironklads was being bilded in Frans.
Feb 1864: Napoleon sell em tu several Yerropeon kuntrees. South agents
bi 1 from Norwae & it got tu Kuba wen war end.
Almost kauzed a "internashunal" insident. Sum thank that was
reel reesun south bi it.
Kanada:
US draft dodgers "skedadlers" in Kanada. Sum=xkaped konfed
prisuners. Jef Davis send ajents tu Kanada. estimated 15,000
konfed+simpathizers in Kanada. Rebels start several plots.
Okt 1863: Konfeds disgized as kanadians gotu St Albans, Vermont.
Em rob 200,000$ from banks, set town on fire, go bak tu Kanada
(neer Montreal).
Sivil war, yeer 4=1864
politiks in 1864
1 Jan 1864: Thangs look up for the North. Plenty av volunteers.
Danjer av forin fite no more. More progres in 1863 make folks
spekt even gooder this yeer.
9 March 1864: Grant bekum Jenral av all north armees. Him gotu Wash DC.
From then on, him stae kloes tu the Potomak Army, under Meed.
*** Pees muvement:
Summer 1864: many in north get diskeraejed bi the long war & the hevee losses
07 June 1864: Linkoln nominated for 4 more. (nashunal konvenshun av
republikans & war demokrats). Many Republikan politikans tri dirty
triks tu take his plaes. Many nuzpaper monguls klaem em kan get
pees with Jef Davis. Greelee propose Butler replaes Linkoln.
(Butler, the bum on the James). Demokrats nominate McKlellan...
the man hu sed him wood win the war in 10 daes & koodnt duit
in 200.
2 Sep 1864: Sherman take Atlanta. Defeetists quiet down.
*** elekshun: 8 Nov 1864
Linkoln get 212 "elekters", McClellan get 21
So many thot Linkoln was a kuntree-bumpkin it is very good zampel av
"yu kan fool sum folks all the time".
Military stradajee
Grant=top jenral. Plan=Grant push Lee south & keep preshuer on
so him kant send NE troops elsweer. Sherman in Tenn go south &
tri tu take Atlanta. Keep south jenral Jonston bizee, so him
kant send NE men elsweer. Push til take Atlanta or Richmond.
Destroy 1 foe army. Then keep going til Grant & Sherman meet.
Jenral Meed in nominal kommander av the army av the Potomak, but
Grant stae kloes...stae in the feeld, not in DC.
Jenral Butler hav army on the James River & is tu take Petersberg
20 miles south av Richmond tu kut south suppli lines.
Jenral Franz Sigel tu kleer the Shanandoa Valee, take Staunton &
thus threten Lee's reer. Fil Sheridan kommand Fed kalvary. Grant
bring him eest tu Virjinya.
Lee's army on Rapahananok was hungree. South's supplies a mess.
Men in rags. Many hoerses starv.
war in the eest, 1864
06 Apr 1864: Lee send Boregard tu Richmond & put tugether a foers tu
send tu Shenandoa.
Grant in the Wildernes
04 Mae 1864: Grant kros th Rapidan, march south with 100,000 men.
The Wilderness: forests, thikkets, swamps.
05 Mae 1864: Grant run intu Lee. Lee on defens hide in thik forest.
Both sides feed in more men. Attakers gotta go kross open feelds
ginst defens hid in forest. Lotta men die. Neether side kan muve
around much, but Lee hav advantaej av shorter rodes & more kompakt
fores. Him put men in a V, so kan shift men from side tu side wen
north atak. Grant atak for 8 daes...never giv foe a brake.
North luze 16,000 men, South 8-11,000.
8-12 Mae: Spotsvania Kort Hous: fite 5 daes.
08 Mae 1864: Grant send Sheridan with 10,000 kalvary around west side
tu get behind Lee & fite south kalvary.
09 Mae 1864: North jenral Sedgwik (artilry) stand up & sae
"Dont duk, em kant hit elefant at this distans". Him die from
bullet thru left ie.
11 Mae 1864: Sheridan find Stuart 10 miles from Richmond, run thru
south kalvary. Kill Stuart.
15 Mae 1864: Sigel (north) luze tu Brekenridj at Numarket (Shenandoa Valee)
26 Mae-07 June: Grant go SE, atak at Kold Harber. Luze 12,000.
**** Butler
Navy take Butler up the James River tuward Richmond. Boregard
bottel him up in a river loop (Bermuda Hundred).
**** Shenandoa
Grant send part av Sheridan's men tu Shenandoa valee tu replaes Sigel.
Lee send Jubal Erlee tu Shenandoa.
12 Jun: Grant gotu the James River. Almost get tu Petersberg, but Butler
get in the wae.
15-18 Jun: Grant atak Lee in Pertersberg. 8,000 ded. Both sides dig in.
9 months av seej til next April. Ataks dont brak thru Lee's line.
but trenches go south av Petersberg & kut the roed & raelrode lines south.
**** Erlee's raed:
02 July 1864: Konfed jenral Jubal A Erly leed 15,000 kalvary on big raed.
Start at Winchester in Shenadoa Vallee (Virjinya). Go north,
kross Potomak. Sak Hagertown & Federik.
11 July: reech edj av DC (Fort Stevens). Grant rush troops tu DC.
13 July: Erlee go home.
**** Shenandoa & Sheridan...solv an old problem
Aug 1864: Grant send Sheridan tu Shenandoa.
At last the north find sumwon hu kan outfite the south kalvary:
Filip Sheridan. Grant giv him the mounted part av the Potomak Army.
Sheridan yuze em as dragoons=mounted infantree. Ride hoerses til
find foe, get off & fite on foot.
19 & 22 Sep:Sheridan beet Erlee.
Sheridan was in Wash DC: brass kalled him theer tu talk plans.
Wile theer, south atak & fed troops panik & flee. Sheridan gallop
bak & rally his men. Send south runnin. Longfello rite poem
"Sheridans ride".
North nu polasee: destroy NE-thang av valu in shenandoa=starv
the south. Bern farms & krops. Drive off all kows & hoerses.
war in the west, 1864
Sherman drive on Atlanta, 1864
Sherman took over the yuenyun foers in Tenn wen Grant gotu DC.
05 Mae 1864: Grant tell Sherman tu fite south jenral Jonston, go south
get intu the middel av enemee lands, & hert his war industree.
Sherman hed for Atlanta. Him hav 100,000 men.
Kumberland (Tomas), Tennessee (McFerson), Ohio (Shofeeld).
Jonston had 60,000 but was kloes tu his base & larjest sitee in south.
As him retreet south, him pik up lokals & his army gro. Jonston
du a good job av delae...bild seerees av defens lines. Foers
Sherman tu atak. Many times, Sherman muev around the lines &
thus foers south tu retreet tu next line. Stedee but slo march.
Sherman sed "we ravage the land, our animals eet the weet & korn.
All retire b4 us, desolashun behind".
17 Jul 1864: Sherman 8 miles from Atlanta. Jef Davis fire Jonston.
Hood take his plaes. Hood atak Sherman 3 times in next week.
Sherman beet him bak, then seej Atlanta.
** hold the fort
Sherman put 1500 troops under Jon M Koers on top av a hill.
Bigger konfed foers atak. Koers yuze signal flags tu ask for help.
Sherman repli: "hold the fort, I'm kummin".
Sherman get south av Atlanta, titen his seej.
** Atlanta
1 Sep 1864: Konfeds abandon Atlanta. Sherman tu Grant:"Atlanta is ours".
Sherman bern military stuff in Atlanta. Fires spred & bern down
most av Atlanta. North soldyers dont kare. Ben a long war & all
get mad.
Sherman lost 27,000 men but all was replaesed.
Konfeds lost bout 25,000, but kant replaes em...war av atrishun.
Sherman march tu the see
Hood atak Sherman's suppli lines. Bedford Forrest rade in Tenn,
so North had tu send 10,000 troops tu hold Tenn. Sherman deside
not werthwile tu fite tu save his long suppli line.
17 Okt 1864: Sherman march outta Atlanta. leev 2 koers in Tenn.
No supply line: liv off the land (& destroy it). Take 62,000 men
& 2500 6-mule wagons. Sherman destroy evreethang av value in 60-mile
wide path from Atlanta tu the see. Destroy all raelroeds & telegraf
lines, so no kommunikate. Wash DC dont heer from him for a month.
Purpus= destroy the meens & the will av the south tu fite.
Max loot, min fite. Lotta "bummers" tag along...straglers,
deserters, & free blaks. All get fat. Happy daes.
10 Des 1864: Sherman in Savana (yuenyun navy is theer).
**** Hood in Tenn
Konfed jenral Hood had 40,000 men in Tenn. Yuenyun hav 2 koers:
Tomas & Shofeeld.
30 Nov 1864: Hood sprize Shofeeld at Franklin (15 mile south av Nashvil).
Shofeeld retreet tu Nashvil & join Tomas.
16 Des 1864: Tomas atak & kapture 10,000 konfeds.
navy in 1864
Mobile Bae, Alabam, 1864
Konfeds bild a navy around ironklad Tennessee with 7-inch guns.
Ship so hevee, need deep water, kant get out, & thus kant atak
blokaed fleet. But it defend wen North navy kum intu the Bae.
South put mines (kalled "torpeedoes" then) in channel tu blok it.
Fort Morgan blok the entrans.
5 Aug 1864: Farragut atak with wood ships, 4 Moniters, & sum gunboets.
Wen lookout see mines, faragut sae "dam the torpedoes, full speed".
Fed shots bouns off the 6-inch iron plates av the Tennessee.
US moniter Chikasaw fire 11-inch gun so much it eventually drill a hole
thru the wall & hit equipment inside. Tennessee kant steer, &
surrender at 10am.
23 Aug 1864: Fort Morgan surrender. South kant yuze the port.
*** Roanoke River:
Konfeds was bilding a ironklad on the loer Roanoke Riv (North Karolina).
27-28 Okt 1864: Fed navy lu Will B Cushing in a 30-ft steem launch sneek up river.
Find iron kald at Plymouth, NK. Cushing plow thru boom under fire, poke bomb
under it, & blo up the iron-klad. Later: yuenyun gunboets take Plymouth.
*** Wilmington:
On the Kape Feer river & with rael lines tu plaeses inland.
Theer R 2 forts tu gard the entrans: Fort Fisher hav 75 guns.
Grant suppli troops under Butler. His atak fael. Butler run awae,
leev navy alone. Navy kommander (Porter) ask Grant tu tri agin.
Sivil war, yeer 5=1865
politiks in 1865
******* pees talk
03 Feb 1865: Jef Davis send Alex Stefens tu talk tu Linkoln on a ship
in Hampton rodes. Stefens propose join tu foers French outta Mexiko.
Linkoln sae south first gotta rejoin yuenyun & get rid av slaves.
That end that.
******* Linkoln plan for pees
4 March 1865:
"with malis tuward nun; with charity for all; firm in the rite
as god let us see it. Let us strive tu end the werk: bind up the
wuends; kare for those hu beer the fite, & the wido and orfan...
that we mae hav & cherish just & lasting pees"
14 Apr 1865: Jon Wilks Booth shuet Linkoln at Ford theater (Good Fridae).
15 Apr 1865: Linkoln die.
war in the eest, 1865
**** Sherman in Karolinas
09 Jan 1865: Sherman march north from Savana with 60,000 men.
Jef Davis send Jonston with 40,000. Sherman in wide band with
4-6 kolumns. Eech kolumn hed for dif sitee. If 1 kolumn hav trubel
others keep going=bipass foe strong point. Kolumns oft branch off
or take side trips. Konfeds never no weer em hed fer.
17 Feb 1865: Sherman take Kolumbia & Charleston.
11 Mar 1865: Fayetvil, NK.
23 Mar 1865: Goldsboro (425 miles from Savana)
26 Apr 1865: Jonston surrender tu Sherman.
****** konfed last stand: March-april 1865
Konfeds still had 500,000 yung wite maels fit tu be in the army.
Stil hav plenty av kows & korn in Karolinas.
plan is for Lee tu slip awae & join Jonston in NK. Dont happen.
Grant & Lee
Late 1864, wen start seej av Petersberg, both sides had bout same
number men.
Apr 1865: north hav 115,000, Lee hav 54,000. in trenches from Richmond
tu Petersberg.
25 Mar 1865: Lee send Jon Gordon tu atak north Ft Stedman neer Petersberg.
Slite progress. Luze 5,000 men. Lee deside tu abandon the line.
Sheridan leev Shenanadoa & go thru Virjinya, threten Lee's behind.
29 Mar 1865: Grant atak at south end av line..Petersberg. Sheridan
go around south end av the trenches.
31 Mar 1865: South stop Sheridan at Dinwiddee. Grant send more men.
1 Apr 1865: Sheridan atak Pikket at 5 forks...majer roed junkshun
SW av Petersberg. Sheridan brak thru & take 3,000 av 9,000 konfed
troops theer. Pikket xkape.
2 Apr 1865: Grant atak. Good progres.
Lee tell konfed brass in Richmond: run for yer life (get outta town).
2 Apr 1865: that nite, Lee leev the line & hed west. Hed for Danvil
in far west. Konfed troops in Richmond blo up ammo dumps. Kareless
It start wild fires. Much av Richmond bern down.
Hungree folks loot military stores av food that never got tu Lee.
3 Apr 1865: Yuenyun army enter Richmond. Lee down tu 30,000 starving men.
6 Apr 1865: Sailer's Kreek: North kapture traens that hav food for Lee.
Lee luze bout 7,000 men; down tu bout 15,000.
8 Apr 1865: Sheridan get tu Appomatox staeshun & kapchuer supplies
intended for lee. Sheridan get west av lee=in his path.
9 Apr 1865: Lee at Appomatox Kort Hous.
Lee send wite flag tu Grant, em meet in the Mcleen hous.
Grant giv eezee terms: all foe R paroled. Offisers keep theer guns.
All keep theer hoers or mule. Grant suppli food.
12 Apr 1865: formal surrender.
****** Leftovers
2 Apr 1865: Jef Davis leev Richmond on speshal traen.
Aft lee surrender, him meet Johnston & Beauregard: tri talk em intu fite more.
10 Mae 1865: North troops take Davis neer Irwinsvil Jorjya
12 Mae 1865: Last land fite av the war: Palmento Ranch neer the Rio Grand.
26 Mae 1865: Kirby-Smith surrender at Nu Orleens (Army in Texas)
23 Jun 1865: Cherokee & Choktaw indians giv up (dont surrender)
Navy, 1865
*** Wilmington=fort fisher (kont)
13-14 Jan 1865: Feds under Jenral Alfred H Terry atak Fort Fisher from reer.
At same time, 2000 marines (under lu Cushing) atak front.
Marines fael, but distrakt defens, so army brake intu fort.
Fort surrender 2,100 troops.
15 Jan 1865: Jenral Butler in DC testify tu kongreshunal kommittee:
"Fort Fisher is impregnabel" is interrupted by nuz the fort fell.
Konfed ships in port at war end: konfeds sink em.
Kommers raeder "Shenandoa" keep taking waleing ships in Pasifik intu
Aug 1865. Then it gotu England, long aft war end.
summary
174,223 konfed troops surrendered in Apr & Mae 1865.
At the end av the war, North had 1,052,038 men in the military.
War ded:
north 140,415
South 74,524
sum 214,939
ekonomee in sivil war
South thot ekonomee in the north wood kollaps without kotton from
the south. Rong: North mostly boom kauz war industree gro so much.
Nu industree more than offset loss av south kotton & las av market.
Hi tarif promote industree. Lotta industialists bekum milyunaers
from war kontrakts. Sum kotton mills kloesed in 1861-62.
But werkers was flexabel: sum find werk elsweer, sum go bak tu farms.
Late 1862, sum kotton kame from lands the north army kontrol & thus
kotton mills reopen gradual.
Graen export tu Yerrop soered bekauz av poor krops theer.
1862: 40 milyun bushels av weet+flour.
*** Nu invents:
Industrial soing masheens bekame kommon & thus faktree-maed klothes
& shues. Oil wells started in Penns land in 1859. Suen keroseen
make wael oil obsoleet. Nu export boom: send refined oil produkts
tu Yerrop. Mekanikal reepers on farms bekum kommon & releez
werkers for the army.
flate rate: pries go up 117% in 4 yeers. Averaej pae up 43%.
war ded not that seereeus: 800,000 immigrants kum tu the north
during the war.
West:
Gold rush in Kolorado=nu teritory av Jeffersun.
1861: Nevada & Dakota R nu Teritorees. Kansas= nu state.
Kalifornya+Oregon got 300,000 immigrants. Many was draft dodjers.
It was 2 far awae; guvt dont tri tu draft em wae out theer.
South:
Unexpekted problem: food was short in many areas starting in 1863.
Much kotton land was konverted tu weet & korn. Slaves keep werking
til soldyers kum. Wi the problem? Lak av wae tu get goods tu market.
Raelroeds was not up tu the loed. Problem was lak av steel for raels
bekauz iron & steel diverted tu war need. Normal weer & tare: yu need
tu replaes raels from time tu time. Same story for lokomotivs & kars.
Richmond in 1863: bred riots. At same time barns in Shenandoa valley
kant hold the weet krop. Neer the end av the war the armys in the feeld
was hungree. Lee's army was kloes tu starving.
rebild after sivil war ("rekonstrukshun")
Yerrop was amazed at how fast the army go home & evreewon tern bak tu normal.
Never like that in Yerrop. Yerrop wood hav invaded Kanada and/or Mexiko.
US bi Alaska from Rushya, but Rushya wanted tu sell stronger than the bier.
Army size:
Apr 1865: 1,000,000 men
10 Nov 1865: 183,000
Des 1866: 25,000.
Yerrop alwaes had restless underklas: luzers chaff. Gotta watch out
for rebels, strikes, resistans, hate. Did not hav aktiv sines av this
in the south. Wites in the south did hate the north & resent it.
But, most in south stae put & life retern tu much like it was. Blaks in
south not slaves, but R underklas. Wites run the guvt & sosiety &
make shuer blaks R 2nd klas.
A fyu kant take it & flee tu Mexiko, Brazil, or Yerop. Sum went
tu Texas fronteer, then tu Mexiko.
Aug 1865: Jenral Jo Shelbee take 1000 kalvary tu Mexiko Sitee. Wanted
tu werk for Maxmillian. Max dont want em. Em setel neer Vera Kruz.
Small kolony av southers. Later, Juarez wipe it out.
president & kongress
Jonson from Tenn bekame president & theer was trubel all the time.
Jonson was a south luver hu wanted tu keep slavery in the south.
North kontrol kongres & is out for blood. Basik problems:
1. how du the rebel states get bak intu the yuenyun.
2. blaks.
Evreewon spekt theer tu be a blak problem & even B4 the war sujest ideas.
Linkoln proposed tu send blaks bak tu Afrika. The kuntree Liberia was started
for this. But not many blaks was interested. Then Linkoln propose tu bi
the slaves & set em free. nuthang kame av that.
March 1865: kongress make the Freedmens buro tu help blaks. It fed poor blaks
But wites in south blok NE tri tu help blaks adjust tu freedum.
The buro also feed poor south wites, but nowon in the south admit that.
Jonson appointed temp guvners in south states (1's linkoln had not yet dun).
Eech state gotta hav a konvenshun the rerite the state konstitushun.
sertin spesified tipes exkluded from partisapate in guvt: mostlee former
konfed guvt brass & jenrals in konfed army. However, thees kood be pardoned.
No blaks kood be at the konvenshun or be a part av form nu state guvts.
20 Aug 1866: Jonson deklare the "insurrekshun" over.
All south states passed laws that sae blaks kant:
1. vote. 2 be on a jury 3. be a witnes in a lawsuit.
4. hav a nife, gun, or alkohol.
Sum states limit blaks tu be servants or farm hands.
Sum states sae blaks kant oen or rent NE reel estate (land or hous)
South
Popular tales such as "Gon with the wind" giv evreewon the impresshun life
in the south was hell after the war. It was NOT. Times was sumwot hard
for a fyu yeers. The mith sae the bad times was kauzed bi the wonton
destroy evreethang such as Sherman's march tu the see. That was miner.
In the kaeos in 1865, many poor wites ran wild & karry off more stuff
than Sherman destroy.
The mith sae ruthless north politikans rule a starving & helpless south.
Most south wites firmly beleev north+blaks is kauz av all bad thangs.
1 big problem was the underklass av poor wites kame out and looted the rich.
Banks was broke kauz konfed munee is werthless. Stores was almost empty.
The plantashun famlees was poor for a wile, but still had the land & hous.
It just take time tu rebild. South konveentlee ignore fakt that privat
charatee send 4 milyun$ werth av food tu south in yeer after war end.
Guvt paed for NE land it took...paed Lee for tern his hous & yard
intu Arlington Semetary.
The south won the pees in the south...Wite leeders keep the blaks as a
cheep laber foers, subserveent, & lo skill.
Theer was 1-3 yeers wen guvt in south was left in theer hands. Wen north
see the results, it step in. The south did not tri tu teech blaks NE-thang
bout liberty or demokrasee. It was a forin werld tu him. Wites made shuer
no blak kood vote.
kongress, 1866-1868
Nu kongress elekted Nov 1864 start reel werk in Des 1865.
Bi this time, all south states hav a nu guvt. Kongress was kontroled bi
north republikans. Em wanted nu republikans in the south. Em rejekt
all nu konkressmen from the south. A kongres kommittee look intu
kondishuns in the south. It heer long list av tales av woe.
Then kame tales av how bad it was in konfed prisuns during the war.
April 1866: kommittee giv its pinyun. It sae dont admit a south state til
it giv blaks same rites as wites. This resulted in konstutisuun
admentments 14 & 15 that garantee blak rites & the vote.
It inklude werds that sae NE south state that want bak in the yuenyun
gotta agree tu admend 14.
Karpetbagger=North man hu go south for "advenchuer", tu make munee or
bekum politikal bigwig.
Skalawag=NE-1 in South hu bekum a Republikan or express even a slite
apruev av NE-thang the north du.
1866 elekshun: Evreewon get tu vote tween a radikal republikan or a
kopperhed demokrat. Pres jonson bak the demokrats. Republikans win larj
majority.
7 Mar 1867: nu kongres start. kongres divide south intu 5 military distrikts
& appoint military boss. It put Grant in overall kommand. Military was
strikt, but faer. It found much sivil guvt tu overrule. 20,000 soldyers
enfoers the rules, with help from blak militia. Blaks got the vote
at gun point. Evree state gotta du nu state konvenshun tu rite a nu
state konstitushun. States gotta apruve adments 14 & 15 B4 em kan
rejoin the yuenyun.
1868, all but 300 old konfed brass was pardoned...em kan now vote & hold offis.
1877: all south sates R bak in the yuenyun. Evreethang look good on the surfus.
kongress impeech pres Jonson
March 1867: Offis Tenure akt: kongress sae pres gotta get senut tu apruev
if him fire sumwon. Jonson veto it.
Aug 1867: Jonson order Stanton (sek av war) tu rezine. Him stae in offis
& bar the door.
24 Feb 1868: hous impeech Jonson. Power struggel with radikals in kongres.
If em thro out the pres, cheef av senut will bekum president (dont hav a vies
president) Senat man=Ben Wade=super radikal. Impeech fael bi 1 vote:
7 replubikan senaters voted ginst it.
**** other
Bizar: 2 rival Irish "replubiks" orginized in Nu York with plans tu
get north vets av irish desent tu invade Kanada & hold it for ransun
tu foers England tu make Ireland independent.
1 Jun 1866 Jon O'neel take 1500 armen Irish kross Niagara River & put Irish flag
at old Fort Erie. Kanada militia chaes em awae.
1867 Seward agree tu bi Alaska from Rushya. Kongress ridikule it as
& "Sewards Folly" or "Sewards iesbox", but agree tu pae for it NE-wae.
Alaska area=586,412 square mile=375,303,680 akers.
kost 7.2 milyun $ or 0.01918 $/aker... 2 sents/aker.
** Kanada
1867 Brit form "Dominion av Kanada" from kolonees north av USA.
British North Amerikan Akt foers em tu join even tho em dont wanna.
Guvt is a kopy av England...Parliament run evreethang.
But Britian kontrol forin affaers & appoint the guvner.
It is guvt imposed from the top, not from the kommon man.
1868 is lekshun yeer & Grant bekum president, serv 8 yeers.
1869-1893: replubikan presidents
Grant =1869-1877 pres 18
Haes =1877-1881 19
Garfeeld =1881-1881 20
Arthur =1881-1885 21
Kleevland=1885-1889 pres 22, oenlee demokrat in this gruep
Harrison =1889-1893 23
Period av prosperity, groeth, and the west fill up.
forin, 1869-1893
The French in Mexiko giv up & leev=end av posabel fite theer.
Konflikt with England over konfed raeders, in partikular Alabama.
Grant tried tu get arbitrashun, but Senat rejekt it.
1871: Geneva bekum plaes tu tri tu settel disputes. Sekret treetees sae this.
14 Sep 1872: Geneva panel sae Brits gotta pae 15.5 milyun $ for konfed raeders.
This is a start tuward setel international disputes with pees insted av war.
**** Gilded aej & Grant
Mark Twaen kall this the gilded aej...shiny outside look like gold.
Evreewon tri tu "make a buk", get rich fast. big munee men rise.
But the thin koet av shine weer off & it tern tu tarnish.
Stok spekulate go wild, then bust in 1873, kauz 3-yr depresshun.
Grant appointed many former north army offisers=big mistake. Many was
krooks. Theer was many skandals kauzed bi greedee guvt bras.
Wall Street gamblers Jae Gould & Jim Fisk got a korner on gold & make the
pries sore. Em had konnekshuns with big-wigs in Grants guvt.
24 Sep 1869: "blak fridae": gold pries is 162% abuv value av paper munee.
Guvt sell 4 mil $ av gold, and the skeem kolaps. Grant get blamed.
1872: Demokrats nominate NY guvner Sam J Tilden on reform platform.
"liberal republikans" nominate Horaes Greelee.
"Kredit Mobilier" afaer=dummy korporashun wall street krooks put tugether
tu milk munee from raelroed konstrukshun kontrakts. promoters giv stok
tu kongresmen, senaters, & the vies pres (Schuyler Kofax).
Yuenyun Pasifik RR almost kollaps kauz krooks steel so much av its kapital.
1874: Demokrats get kontrol av kongres bekauz av the skandals.
a "Wiskee Ring" in St Luis save milyuns in fed taxes with help from
big wigs in Treshure & Grant's privat sekratary (Jenral Orvil E Babkok).
Sekratary av War got 25,000$ bribe from the post trader at Ft Sill.
1 milyun feet av lumber disapeared from the Boston Navy yard.
Kolis P Huntington (raelroed man) bot the Kalif guvt.
Jim Fisk & Jae Gould looted the Erie Raelroed. Vanderbilt did same tu
Nu York Sentral. Jon D Rokkefeller bild Standard Oil intu the biggest
monopoly ever bi evree meens krooked & foul.
Korrupshun at lokal & state level 2. Estimate Boss Tweed stold
100 milyun $ from Nu York Sitee.
1876: selebrate 100 yeers with Amerikan Werld Faer at Filly.
Rutherford B Hayes:1877-1881
So much skandal under Grant, many thot republikans wood luez in 1876.
But em find 1 onest man...Haes, 3-term guvner av Ohio.
Very kloes lekshun. Desided bi krooks with sekret deels.
2 sets av ballots kame in from 4 states. South Karolina, Florida,
& Luisiana was ruled bi karpetbaggers & thro awae many demokrat votes.
Replubikans made sekret deel with south demokrats: go with Haes &
we'll remuve the troops in yer states & ignore how south ignore
admend 15 tu the konstitushun. Em agree & both keep the agree.
Haes was onest & kompetent. No skandals during his 4 yeers.
but the party manipulaters dont like him. Him dont tri tu run agin.
Biggest nu kontroversee is Bland-Allison akt for "free" silver koins.
Farmers & west miners wanted it & got it. Haes refuze tu run agin.
**** Garfeeld, then Arthur...1881-1885
1880: Replubiklian konvenshun was dedloked tween Grant & Blaen...
chuez a "dark hoers"=James A Garfeeld. & him win. Demokrats put up
jenral W S Hankok: got solid south, but got 9,500 less votes.
Lekter vote differ much bigger (214-155).
July 1881: disappointed offis seeker shoot Garfeeld. die on 19 Sep 1881.
Vies pres=Chester A Arthur take over.
5 Aug 1882: kongres pass bil tu bild 2 "steem kruesing vessels av war"...
tu start rebild the navy that had rotted awae tu almost nuthun.
It bekame 3 kruizers & join navy in 1887.
1883: Sivil Servis reform: a kommisshun tu watch over nu rules. Require
kompetitiv exams, forbid politikal kikbaks. At first it oenlee appli
tu 14,000 jobs=12 % av jobs. This expand over the yeers tu bout 70% now.
1884: Replublikans nominate James G Blaen. Many thank him korrupt.
Reformers in the party kant take him & bolt...."Mugwumps".
Grover Kleevland: term 1, 1885-1889
Kleevland, term 1...Oenlee Demokrat in slate av republikan presidents
Him got republikans mad at him bi replaesing half the appointed republikans
in the federal guvt. Him got demokrats mad kauz him oenlee replaesed half
the republikans. Kleevland vetoed 100's av private penshuns...kongres made
em tu pae "deserters, skedadlers, & disonest discharjers".
1887: Interstate Kommers akt pass.
1888: In the lekshun, Kleeveland got 100,000 more votes than Harrison,
but Harrisun won kauz him got more lekters.
Harrisun 2, 1889-1893
(grandsun av the other Harrison)...republikan
Republikans kontrol both houses av kongress & R stronger than the pres.
Supporters got all the goodees kongress kood thank av. Amazing number av
politikans from Maen appointed tu hi jobs in fed guvt.
1890: McKinlee tarif for industrialists. Konsumer prieses jump up.
1892: lekshun: 235 demokrats & 88 Reps in the hous...em thro out most av the raskals.
lekshun av 1892: Harrison run agin ginst Kleevland bak for nuther tri.
Kleevland win.
boom times: 1870-1900
United States ekonomee keep groing, industrees form giant korporashuns.
The period av nu invenshus & more industree started bout 1820 &
keep going with oenlee a fyu pauzes for munee paniks & hard times.
*** raelroeds 1870-1900
raelroed was the biggest BIZ in this time frame.
1865: 35,000 rael miles.
1900:201,000 rael miles.
1869: first transkontenental raelroed. Yuenyun Pasifik bild west from Omaha
thru the plaens av Nebraska & Wyoming, intu Utah. Sentral Pasifik
eest from Sakramento over the Sierra Nevada, the desert av Nevada.
10 mae 1869: Meet at Promontory point, Utah
Raelroeds in the west got guvt supsidee: land...alternate squares on the
sides av the rite-av-wae. Then RR sell land tu developers. Southern
Pasifik go from Nu Orleens tu El Paso, then neer border with Mexiko tu LA.
North Pasifik from Minneapolis, thru dakota & Montana, along Kolumbia Riv
tu Portland, Oregon. RR's bring setlers that fill in the vast empty land
in the west. Refrigerated frate kars take beef from Shekago tu eest
koest, start in 1870's.
*** streetkar
Richmond, Vir started elektrik streetkar in 1888. It was maen wae tu get
around in big sitees til 1920.
*** steem ships
Ships: This was the dae av the paddelweel steemboet on inland rivers.
Grate lakes had ore & graen ships & tankers. On the sees, theer was still
many sael ships (skooners). Along the koest was steem ships, passenger
& frate.
1890's: Fall River line karreed 300,000 folks/yeer tween Nu York & Nu England
*** west farm: graens on the plaens
Farming in the plaens exploded the graen output. weet:
1865=150 milyun bushels
1890=610
big farms in west gro graens cheeper than bak eest. Eest farms konvert tu
chickens & milk kows. Lotta farm land revert tu forest.
indians: 1870-1900
Indians was a problem on the plaens 1870-1890. Bi 1890 mostly supressed.
Bi 1900 the fronteer was gon sept for isolated empty areas in deserts.
1865: bout 225,000 Indians in the west. The plaens indians was feers waryer:
North: Dakota, Su (Sioux), Shian (cheyenne), Arapaho, kro, Blakfoot.
South: Kommanche, Apache, Kiowa, South Shian.
1870-1876: 200 rekorded big fites tween army & indians.
Theer was many indian fites that make good reeding, but biggest fakter tu
squash the danjer was dazeez & kill off the buffalo. Wons the buffalo was
gon, the plaens indians was gon-for.
Started in 1840's with the gold rush. Kalif had 100,000 indians in 1850,
35,000 in 1860.
Wites kum & take the good land & plow it under. Vareeus Indian indian
tribes fite alone...never join tugether in "konfederee" as Eest tribes did.
Indians was masters av mounted war & got rifels from traders, so oft was
match for wite man in hed-tu-hed fite. But wites kan alwaes get Indian skouts
from other tribes tu help him. Wite man outnumber Indians bout 20-1.
But in many fites, indians outnumber soldyers, kauz indians muve on hoers
much faster & liv off land...no baggage traen. Sum fites made big nuz
bak eest & that kauz outroer & then guvt send in the army.
Later army yuze winter kampanes tu sprize indians & round up wemen & kids
& put em on reservashuns.
1875: Gold in blak hills av dakotas. Miners swarm in. Indians go on warpath.
June 1876: kernel Jorj Kuster av the 7th kalvary wiped out on the
littel big horn river (Montana).
1877: Kernel Miles defeet Krazy Hoers without hedlines.
1877: Nez Pers in Idaho under Cheef Josef make amazing fiting trip thru Yellostone
& intu Montana. "I will fite no more forever".
1886: Apache cheef Geronimo surrender.
1887: Dawes akt start tu tri tu brake up reservashuns intu homesteds.
Dont werk...we still hav reservashuns tudae.
kowboys
Theer was a period av bout 20 yeers av the kowboys on the plaens.
Bout the time it start tu faed awae, pulp fikshun rite it up & the publik
romanitize it & the lejuns will never die.
After the sivil war, Texans go home & find longhorns went wild & multiplied.
Werth 1-5$/hed in Tex, 100$ if at rael hed in Kansas. Kansas Pasifik RR
bild tu Abileen, Kansas. It bekum faemus kattel town for a fyu yeers.
1871: Santa Fe bild RR tu Dodj, Kansas & start anuther ledjun.
Theer was a wide belt av grass from Texas tu Kanada. Yu kan drive kows
& kows eet gras & walk tu the RR. RR take kows tu Kansas Sitee or Shekago.
Massiv kattel pens & pakking plants kut up the kows & send meet eest in
refrigerated kars.
Pikcherus period: kowboys round up the kows in spring & drive em tu RR heds.
Tipikal herd=2500 kows, drive 1200-1500 miles, 12 kowboys. 6 hoerses per
kowboy + 1 chuk wagon. Herd go 10-20 miles/dae.
Ranchers muve intu the plaens with kattel spreds with 1000's av akers.
Drive kows tu RR for bout 20 yeers til farmers muve in.
1885: land kut up 2 much for long drives...barbed wire fenses & raelroeds in the wae.
1886-87: very bad winter kill many kows. Kattel barons take homesteds tu
tie up the waterholes & fens theer land. Kowboy now bekum ranch hand.
*** farms
Farms took over much av the land in the west & liv much like in the eest.
sept west farms tended tu be bigger. Evreethang revolv around hoerses.
Liv in small wood hous with porch in front & barn behind. Hav kast iron
stove for tu kook & heet hous in winter. Most bern wood; koel if hav
koel mine neerbi. keroseen lite for lite. Many had metal skreens on
windoes. Outhous & well in bak yard.
Most farms was kloes nuff tu a small town tu go theer Saturdae/Wednesdae.
Modern invenshuns such as elektrik lite (1879) & fone (1876) kame tu
sitees & big towns, but not tu farms.
Industree, 1870-1900
The su kanal (Sault St Marie) tween lake Sureior & Huron karry mostly
weet from west farms & iron ore tu steel mills=good gage av groeth av
farms & industree in Wiskonsin & Minn.
1860: 100,000 tons
1869: 500,000
1900: 25,000,000
Steel mills gro up along the grate lakes bekauz av cheep ship rates.
US steel output
1867: 20,000 tons
1895: 6,000,000
1900: 10,000,000
1880: US was maenlee farms & mining, forestry.
US werkers in "faktrees & industree"
1869: 2.0 milyun
1900: 4.7 mil. US now a majer industrial power.
US farm werkers
1870: 6.8 milyun
1900: 10.9 milyun
Kompetishun bekame feers as biz gro intu big kombines. All tri tu kut
kosts & kontrol markets. Big raelroeds bekame fuedal feefdums in the land
em go thru. Rokerfeelder's Standard Oil Monopoly was the biggest & baddest.
First federal tri tu kontrol monoplees: 1887...Interstate Commers Akt.
2nd=1890...Sherman Antitrust akt. Neether did much good B4 1900.
1893: kleevland, term 2
Kleevland 1893-1897, Demokrat, pres 22.5 (sum kount it as 24)
(Harrison= pres 23=1889-1893...tween Kleevland & Kleevland)
Kleevland 1893-1897...Demokrat brake republikan strangelhold.
First thang: panik av 1893...all the gold flo tu Yerrop. Farmers want
unlimited silver koins at 16 oz silver=1 owns gold (2 times the market rate).
Kleevland made deel with big bankers tu get gold. His supporters kri fowl.
Times was hard...hardest up tu grate depresshun.
Kleevland beleed US had acheeved its manifest destiny...no more expand.
Amerikan settlers in Hawaii overthro the Royal Hawaii kingdom, deklare
rebublik & petishun tu bekum part av the states. Kleevland kill that.
1895: Nu rebelyun brake out in Kuba as it oft did. Kleevland ignore it.
1896: as next elekshun neer, Mark Hanna=the man hu kontroled the Republikan party,
boested he kood make a rag doll president bi kall it republikan. Hard times
under Kleevland almost garantee republikan win. Tu pruev his klaem, Hanna chues
a man him thank is nuthan. Him rite, his nuthang-man win.
Demokrats nominate William Jennings Bryan...firebrand reformer.
1897: McKinlee
McKinlee 1897-1901, Republikan, pres 24 or 25 (depend on how yu kount)
Replubikans win bi blame demokrats for bad times.
Dinglee tarif av 1897=hiest up til then.
Spanish-Amerikan war av 1898
*** leed up tu war
Kuba was an area av interest. Many times in past, expanshunists wanted
tu grab Kuba & make it a state. Never happened. In 1898, it was still a
Spaenish kolony. The pesants revolt tu bekum independent evree fyu yeers.
In 1898 theer was a revolt as theer yusyually was. "yello journals"
such as Will Randolf Herst sold a lotta papers bi plae up the revolt.
It bekame wot Jon Hae [US sekratary av state] kalled the "Splendid littel war".
*** Wi did the US gotu war with Spaen? The president was ginst a war.
Republikans kontrolled the Fed guvt & was all ginst a war. Biz dont want war.
Banks dont want war. Big industrialist dont want war. Wall Street dont want war
& wall street kontro the Republikans hu kontrol the guvt. i.e. nowon in
guvt or biz want war. Oenlee 1's for war=yung & nuzpapers.
So wot did we get?...WAR.
The kuntree was bored & war sound exsiting...USA gotu war as a lark.
It kot the tenshun av yueth hu thank it is glamerus. It was 33 yeers sins the
Sivil War end, so evreewon forget the bad thangs that kan happen in war.
Free Kuba seem like a boy-skout good deed. The press inflame kuntree bout bad
diktater in Kuba & the angelik rebels. Publik bi that line.
This war was all about emoshun & nuthang tu du with nashunal interest.
The war was very popular...first time a fad sweep the politishuns along.
***** Yerrop
Yerrop had many strong monarch states & em almost joined Spaen tu fite US.
Em all hate the idea av demokrasee & freedum. 6 stronjest Yerropeon
kuntrees almost form a leeg ginst USA. But Brit "forin sekratary"
(Lord Salisbury) got sik & a nu man fill em & him talk England outta
this konspirasee. Other kuntrees need Brit navy, so em pull out.
In time, kool heds in England feer the rise av Jermany as potential foe.
25 Jan 1898: US send navy ship USS Maen tu Havana after riots in Havana.
*** US warship blo up in Havana harber
15 Feb 1898...US warship Maine blo up & Sink in Harber. 268 ded.
Nowon no wot kauz it, but nuzpapers hav feeld dae with konspire therees.
17 Mar 1898...Republikan senater R Prokter giv quiet & logikal speech bout
Kuba, rebels, Spaen, & sae war is the oenlee anser.
28 Mar 1898...Navy bord that look intu it sae "external xploshun" sink the ship.
Much later, 4 diff "bords" look intu it & kum tu 4 dif konkludes.
11 Apr 1898...McKinlee send kongress a vaej messaej that sae nuthan in many werds.
It end with "I awaet yer akshun".
**** war start...Nowon ever deklare war. Kloesest thang:
19 Apr 1898...kongres pass a "resolv". It kall for Spaen tu get outta Kuba.
Kongress "authorize" fed guvt tu kik em out if em dont go...war without deklare war.
The resolv sae we dont want Kuba, just want tu free it...A yuneek idea
no guvt man in NE kuntree had ever sed. The US keep its werd...it take Kuba
bi arms, then set it free. Dispite this, the war bring the first US empire.
The US take lands in far off plaeses like the Filippines & Hawaii & Guam.
military in war av 1898
The kuntree was not redee for war. The idea was a big suprise tu the guvt
and the military. Army had bout 26,000 men. Did Not hav plan tu mobilize.
speereeans was indian wars & those had died out. Men was skattered in
small yunits all over the kuntree. Nowon had NE speereeans with a big yunit.
Theer was bout 100,000 in Nashunal gard but quesshun bout if legal tu yuze em
in forin war prevent kall em up. Did Not hav a draft. Army had tu
take volunteers. Not organized. Sum volunteers gotu "regular" army.
But many volunteers was raesed bi speshal ad-hok orgs such as the
ruff-riders that Teddy Roosevelt made faemus (hoersless ruff riders).
At war end, regular army hav 59,000 men, volunteer orgs hav 216,000.
Most volunteers never gotu war, & good thang...em did not hav modern guns &
yuzyually lakked basiks like soks, shues, yuniforms, food werth eeting, basik
sanitashun was a big skandal. Volunteers gotu traening kamps in the south &
most never kompleet the traening bi war end.
Navy was in gooder shape, du tu an enerjetik assistant tu Navy Sekratary:
Theodore ("Teddy") Roosevelt. Kuba is an ieland. Tu fite theer, yu gotta get
troops tuit. But gotta kontrol the waters neer theer & thats the job av the Navy.
Navy fites was at the hart av the war.
Roosevelt in 1897 rote orders for Navy fleets. It sae the Aesya Fleet tu
atak Spaen Navy in Filippines (in Manila Bae).
Jan 1898: Navy see war mae kum & start sum reel planning.
Feb 1898: Roosevelt kabel fleets tu be redee for war.
Spaen looked strong on paper. Her navy had more "cruisers" than US.
Yerrop thot Spaen was garanteed tu win kauz her had a "professhunal" Navy
with speereeansed saelers. Evreewon sae US navy is manned bi the dregs av
waterfront bars. This leed tu panik along the eest koest. Folks get the silly
idea Spaen fleet will kum & fire shells at sitees. Politikans foers navy tu send
half the Atlantik fleet tu eest koest tu "defend" it. Even send sivil war moniter
tu Maen kauz senater Hale was a power in kongres. Tipikal panik...never NE
danjer av that. Navy put the "fliing squadron" in Hampton roeds tu look like
it kan meet thret from Spaen. Other half gotu Kuba & bottel up Spaen fleet in
Santigo, Kuba.
The war was very popular in the US. The publik look at it as demokrasee
ginst dekadent, tyranikal old werld & in many waes it was. Many yung men
volunteer tu fite, the army is overweelmed...mass konfused allover. Army
foersed tu dust off obsoleet Sivil War wepons tu giv guns tu the men.
Theer was no Kakee kloth in the kuntree, so volunteeers weer hevee wool blue
yuniforms (intended for winters in Boston) in steemee Kuba. Army forgot
NE-thang it wons no bout sanatashun. Dazeez kill 13 men for evree soldyer
killed in kombat.
Navy send the west koest fleet at max speed around South Amerika tu join
the fleet off Kuba. Took 3 months & nuzpapers kuvered it all the wae. This
sho the need for a kanal in Panama & that bekame 1 konsequens av the war.
Straenj thangs happen sumtimes.
Filippines
01 Mae 1898...Admiral Jorj Dewee get tu Manila Bae with US Aeseeatik fleet.
"yu mae fire wen redee, Gridlee" started the shooting war. Amerikan gunfire
was atroshus du tu no speereeans & no traening. Fire 1000's av shells.
Bout 2% hit foe. good nuff. USA sink all Spaen ships. Win fite, suen win war.
Land troops & in 10 weeks kontrol the Manila Area. But took 3 yeers tu okkupi
all av Filippins...the start av US empire.
The filippinos was rebeling ginst Spaen, led bi Jose Rizal (Spaen kill him
in 1896). US bring in Emilio Aguinaldo from exile, him leed lokals. At first,
him ko-operate with US, then leed rebels. That leed tu 3-yr war.
Filippines made big chaenj in US forin polasee. Now US hav empire.
US hav outpost in Aesya & thus kant avoid intrigees in far off plaeses.
US hafta adopt a polasee bout China.
** Jermany
Jermany send fleet tu Manila Bae, stronger than US fleet, get in wae & interfer.
Jermany wanna take the Filippines & look like willing tu fite war tu duit.
Jermany land 1400 men neer Manila. Jermany talk tu Spaen kolony ofishals.
England deside it prefer US theer, not Jermany. England send fleet that
get in wae av Jerman fleet. Thus, US fleet kan support its troops on land.
US guvt deside it want the Filippines, but gotta raes troops & get em theer.
That take 6 months.
13 Aug 1898...US troops take Manila with help from filipinoes hu deklare self
is now a republik. Theer was komplikashuns. The nativs hav never met
self guverment or demokrasee or libertee. Em brake up intu tribes that oft
fite eech other. US gotta okkupi maen ielands tu bring pees. US then tri
tu sivilize em...take up wite-man's burden in werds av Rudyard Kipling.
10 Des 1898...US bi Filippines from Spaen for 2 mil $.
Military rule the ielands as a "dependensee".
1901: US chaenj Filippines tu sivilian kontrol & send William H Taft as Guvner.
Filipinos R mostly katholiks & westernized in the Spaen wae. Em take tu
demokrasee with gusto & soon run lokal affaers. Okkupi Filippines make the US
a power in the far eest & in time leed tu war with Japan, the rising
power in the eest.
Kuba
US send 18,000 troops tu kuba & this more konfuzed than in WW 1 wen we
send 1.5 milyun troops tu Frans.
06 June 1898: Us take Guantanamo Bae on south koest av Kuba as lokal base, so
ships hav a port tu gotu if hurrikane kum. It keep the base after the war.
20-25 June 1898: US land small expedishunary foers on south shore av Kuba.
Spaen's Kaptin-Jenral in Kuba had 200,000 men, with 13,000 in Santiago...
the objektiv av the US landing. Spaen's troops was speereeansed at fite rebels,
had good, modern guns, hi moral & fite good. The war was not a push-over.
22 June 1898: US army under Jenral Will R Shafter land eest av Santiago.
01 July 1898: faemus charj up San Juan hill...sukseed with hevee loss. This isolate
Spaen land foers theer. Ruff riders fite as infantree (no hoerses).
3 July 1898...Spaen fleet (Admiral Cervera) kum outta Santiago tu fite
the US blokade fleet. This Spaen fleet is bigger than the 1 at Manila.
US admiral Sampson destroy it.
15 July 1898...Santiago surrender. The maen objektiv av the war is in hand.
Spaen ask for terms & on 30 July McKinlee spesify our terms: Spaen tu
leev Kuba & Puerto Rico wich R tu bekum independent naeshuns. US take
1 ieland in the Marianas (Guam) wae out in the middel av the Pasifik.
1 Okt 1898...formal pees talks start in Paris.
After war, 6000 US troops stae in Kuba for 3 yeers tu keep pees. US sprize
the werld...it keep its werd & pull out troops...Kuba independent.
Jenral Leonard Wood, us okkupaeshun kommander, is best noed for sponser
Dr Walter Reed tu investigate Yello Fever in Kuba. Reed & other dokters
shoed that mosquitoes spred the dazeez. Army fite war ginst mosquitoes.
1901...not 1 kase av yello fever in Havana.
**** Puerto Riko
Mae 1898: Lu henree Whitnee (Artilery) gotu Puerto Rico tu look-see.
10 Mae 1898: US war ships at Puerto Rico.
12 Mae 1898: 12 US ships under admiral Sampson fire on San Juan.
25 Jul 1898: Jenral Nelson Miles land with 3,300 soldyers.
US at first operate Puerto Rico as a Military "dependensees".
**** Hawaii
7 July 1898...US kongress annex Hawaii.
1900: Kongress make Hawaii a regular territory & evreewon theer US sitizens.
Thus fael the Kleevland tri tu stop expand US.
**** Guam
20 Jun 1898: Kaptin Henree Glas on kruezer Charleston gotu Guam & take it.
Lokal Spaen bras dont even no theers a war on. 54 Spaen troops surrender.
Jermany bi the other Marianias ielands from Spaen.
**** Pees:
12 Aug 1898: Spaen ask for end tu war & fiting stop in most plaeses.
10 Des 1898: Treetee tu end the war sined in Paris.
China
In late 1890's, several Yerropeon powers karve out "enclaves" in China.
Mostlee along the koest & based on a good harber.
It looked like Yerrop+Japan wanta karv up China intu kolonees.
US guvt dont like this kauz it hert trade with China.
1899: sekratary av state, Jon Hae announs the "open door" polasee tuward China.
Tri tu get Yerropeons tu agree tu deni self speshal rites in China.
1900: Boxer rebel in China...Sum tri tu get rid av "forin devils".
Em take over China kapital & beseeg diplomats in English diplomat post.
US send mareens tu join Yerropeon troops that march from koest tu kapital.
elekshun av 1900
Republikans renominate McKinlee in 1900. It is almost a shu-in kauz av the viktree
over Spaen. Mark Hanna hate Teddy Roosevelt & tri tu stunt him bi get him the
vies president slot. Big mistake.
4 Mar 1901: McKinlee term 2 start. Then him go on traen trip around
the kuntree make speeches & yuzeyual politikal hae.
6 Sep 1901: in Buffalo, NY...an anarchist shoot 2 bullets intu McKinlee.
14 Sep 1901: McKinlee die. Vies president Teddy Roosevelt bekum president.
The revenj av the hated.
1901: Teddy Roosevelt
T Roosevelt 1901-1909, Republikan, pres 26
motto="speek soft & kary a big stik, & yu will go far".
Teddy was the first av 3 presidents that was nominal republikans with
a differens (folloed bi Taft & Wilson). All R liberal konservativs.
Em aksept the reelity av modern industrial aej, but with a konshens.
Em oft yuze "konstruktiv" wen look at a problem. Em bekame noed as
the progressive muvement. The basik idea is tu adapt guvt tu modern life.
Teddy invented "square deel"...the start av presidents that offer deels.
The idea av the revolushunary war that eech famlee kan liv on the land as
independent gruep & thus form the foundashun av guvt dont appli NE-more.
Werk is speshalized & most werk for kumpanees tu feed the famlee. As a
result, big korporashuns hav 2 much power & the guvt need tu step in &
du sumthang bout it. This progressiv era last til 1917.
Anuther progressiv in this time span: William Jennings Bryan: the
kanidate hu ran for president many times under different partys & alwaes
luze. The basik tenat is: man is perfektabel...giv him a chans & theer is
no limit tu wot him kan du. The Amerikan Socialist party was progressiv. It kame out
with radikal ideas such as that sitees shood oen the water kumpanee that
suppli water tu folks in that sitee.
Teddy at 43 was the yungest president til then. He was a man av akshun,
alwaes tri tu du sumthang. Theer seemed no limit tu wot he wood tri.
After gro up, he inherited munee & kood hav joined the rich lae-abouts.
That life was not for him. He sed the rich plaeboys liv from rotten
frivolity tu rotten vies=kompleet waest. Teddy was a Harvard grad...that
start a nu trend av presidents that went tu koleeg insted av gro up in
humbel log kabin.
Teddy bekame faemus wen he rezined job as helper tu Navy sekratary tu form
the ruff riders...volunteer kalvary men tu fite Spaen in 1898. The charj
up San Juan Hill is the stuff av legends. Then elekted guvner av Nu York.
He fite so hard for onest guverment, the politishuns tried tu get rid av him
bi promote him for vies president=du nuthang job. That was theer big mistake.
A man av many talents...got Nobel pees prize for get Japan & Rushya tu
settel theer war.
First problem is the "trust problem". Big biz kombine tugether in trusts.
interlokking directers av many kumpanees kontrol all.
1897: Supreem kort rule the Sherman antitrust law made trusts illegal.
That shood hav destroed trusts. But biz reorganize tu hide the trust.
Stil biz as yuzeyual.
1901 United States Steel Korp bekum in effekt a monopoly steel maker. So much
power, nowon kan kompeet & it du wotever it want. Jon D Rockefeller
made Standard Oil his gold mine & an empire more powerful than NE
meer guvt.
Teddy first talk kongress intu make a Kommers dept & Laber dept.
Theer job was tu gather fakts as a wae tu enfoers federal law.
1902 problem in the koel mining areas: yuenyuns threted a strike that wood
leev the northeest without heet. Mine kumpanees lokout werkers & refuze
tu talk tu yuenyuns. Em want president tu yuze army tu brake NE strike as
Kleeveland did. Teddy brot the 2 sides tugether at a konferens. It dedlok.
So Teddy publish the minuts av the konferens. The publik is outraejed at
the mine kumpanees & em yeeld & agree tu talk tu yuenyuns. Teddy's nu
weppon tu fite bad gies...publik outrage.
Upton Sinclair rote "Jungel"...book bout Shekago stokyards. Disgusting
kondishuns made the publik sik. Guvt investigate & sae yes, its
disgusting. This foers kongress tu pass the Pure Food & Drugs akt av 1906.
Teddy was a konservashunist...he set aside 150 milyun akers av guvt
forest land & withdraw xtra 85 milyun that was up for sale tu tree-kutters.
Teddy made 5 naeshunal parks...he invented the idea av naeshunal park.
1904 is elekshun yeer. "Old Gard" republikans tried tu nominate Mark Hanna
tu replaes Teddy. But Hanna die at kritikal moment. So Teddy run for
pred & win=got elekted. Teddy is the peepel's man. But him make big
mistake...sed he wood not run in 1908. Liv tu regret that.
*** antitrust:
Teddy sued a kombine that wanted tu get kontrol av evree raelroed in the USA.
He won Supreem Kort kase & broke up the kombine. Tudae we hav bout 100 raelroeds.
1906 Teddy get kongres tu pass the Hepbern Akt tu regulate raelroeds,
steemships & sleep-kar kumpanees. Kongress make the Interstate
Kommers Kommission.
1910 Fone & telegraf kumpanees added tu the Hepbern Akt.
*** immigrants
This was a period av hi immigrashun & that keep wages lo=cheep laber.
1905-1914: peek wave av immigrants, oft > 1 milyun/yeer.
panama kanal
Had ben 400 yeers av talk bout kanal tween Atlantik & Pasifik in Sentral
Amerika.
1885-1889: French kumpanee tri tu bild kanal kross Panama. Spend 260 mil $
go broke.
US see need for kanal from speereeans in the 1898 war with Spaen.
McKinlee appointed Isthmian Kanal Kommission & it sae Panama is best.
The other posability, Nicaragua, was not a seereeus kontender.
18 Nov 1901 Hae-Pauncefot Treetee with England replaes old treetee (1850).
Nu treetee giv US free hand in the Karibeean area.
28 Jun 1902 kongres pass Spooner Akt that giv president rite tu bi rites av old
french kumpany & negosheeate with Kolumbia. At that time Panama was part av
Kolumbia.
12 Aug 1903: Diplomats agree on a treetee tu let US bild the kanal, but Kolumbia
guvt rejekt it. US Army offisers get with reps from French Kanal kumpanee
Em arranj a revolt tu take Panama from Kolumbia. Roosevelt no bout plot &
keep quiet.
19 Okt 1903: 3 US warships ordered tu Panama. Get theer 2 Nov. The revolt
werk pretty much as expekted.
4 Nov 1903: provishunal guvt deklare it is independent.
6 Nov 1903: US reknize nu Republik av Panama.
18 Nov 1903: US sine treetee with Panama that set aside a Kanal Zone.
Pries=10 milyun $+250,000$/yeer.
1907: start werk on kanal...US Army engineers...boss=Kernel Jorj W Goethals.
The French tried tu bild a see-level kanal. US engineers rejekt that as
2 hard. Em bild a kanal with "loks" tu raes ships tu maen channel & loer em
at the other end.
B4 kood start reel werk, need tu kontrol tropikal dazeezes such as
yello fever. Army dokters in Kuba found that mosquetos spred the dazeez.
Medikal Kernel Will C Gorgas werked tu draen puddels weer mosquetos breed
All nu bilding hav skreens tu keep skeeters out.
1914: Kanal open
werld staej
Teddy Roosevelt was the first US president hu LIKE tu plae the game av
internashunal flim-flam. He mediated pees tween Rushya & Japan after
theer war. Him talked direktlee tu both & got em tu settel.
5 Sep 1905: Treetee av Portsmouth. Teddy got Nobel pees prize for this.
Later, Japan okkupi Korea=violate the treetee. Japan dominate Manchuria.
1905-06: Morokko...French extend foers from Algeria intu Morokko.
Jermany challenj Frans=krisis. US partisipate in konferens on this.
Evreewon kuel off & nuthang happen.
1908-09: US send a fleet around the werld...nu battelships bilded after war
av 1898..."grate wite fleet" or "gunboet diplomasee".
****** 1908 elekshun
T Rooseveld stood bi his statement he wood not run for reelekshun,
even tho he wood now like 2. He is now popular in the kuntree, party
bras du wot him sae. He deside tu bak William H. Taft for president.
Roosevelt & Taft R much alike in wot em stand for, but much differ as men.
William H Taft
W H Taft, 1909-1913, Republikan, pres 27
Taft was the judj tipe...thotful, kindlee, konsiderat, not a politikan.
He hated the drudgery av offis. No talent tu manipulate kongress like Teddy.
He fite the speeker av the hous, then kompromise, but speeker renig on promises.
In next elekshun, big ternover in hous & that speeker is replaesed...
all that fiting for nuthang. Theer was several "skandals" & nuzpapers made a
lotta nois. Publik luze faeth bout Taft support progressiv programs.
Teddy Roosevelt thank Taft straed.
1910: Man-Elkins akt add power tu Interstate Kommers Kommission.
Taft supported 2 chaenjes tu konstitushun that passed:
16=inkum taxes
17=senaters gotta be elekted (til then most was appointed).
1910: kongress elekshuns...republikans luze big, hi inflation & lo pae the reesun.
Demokrats kontrol the hous.
1912: As elekshun kum ni, Roosevelt rejoin the republikans & werk grass roots
tu get delegats. La Follet ran ginst taft & got nuff support tu skare
party power brokers. Teddy went tu the folks bak home & got most delegates
in the states that elekt delegates. The "old gard" was solid behind Taft.
Old gard kontroled the konvenshun & got Taft as the party's kanadate.
5 Aug 1912...Teddy leev the Republikan party & join a nu Progressiv party.
Konvenshun in Shekago, Ill. Roosevelt sed "I feel like a bull moos".
But Teddy did not get nominalted. So him form the bull moos party.
That split the vote & the demokrats win lekshun. Woodro Wilsun win
with 42% av the votes, but sweeped the "lektoral koleej".
Woodro Wilson
Woodro Wilsun, 1913-1921, Demokrat, pres 28
Woodro Wilson 1913-1921, Demokrat, pres 28
Wilson reorged the demokrats, adopted most av the "progressiv" ideas, &
soon won the harts av most reformers. Wilsun was skorlarly, aloof,
alone...no peepl skills. & very stubborn. Idea man, not a detael
man...best with jenral prinsapels. Born in Virjinia. Kollej man.
President av Prinston Yuniversity.
Demokrat party was the solid south (former konfeds), liberal west,
& irish in big eest koest sitees. Bryant was the champion in the west,
but lost president raes 3 times. Other party bigwigs was old & week.
Party kontrolled bi kloesed klik "Tammany Hall".
1910: Wilsun elekted guvner av Nu Jersee
1912: Demokrat konvenshun dedloked, & took 46 tries til Bryan push
Wilsun as a kompromise tween the power bloks.
A yeer av termoil. Nu yuenyun...Industrial Werkers av the Werld
strikes ginst Nu England Faktrees. Soshalist party got 6% av the vote
hiest em ever get. Wilsun got 42% av the votes. Teddy:27%. Taft:23%.
3 Okt 1913...Underwood tarif redues tarif tu loest sins Sivil War.
Attached tu it was an inkum tax...guvt now hav plenty av munee tu spend.
23 Des 1913: Federal Reserv Akt...in effekt the nashunal bank.
kongres make the Federal Trade Kommission.
1914: Clayton Antitrust Akt made intu law many thangs Roosevelt wanted but didnt get.
It rerote laber law & gave yuenyuns pretty much wot em want.
1916: US shipping bord tried tu revive US shipping, but didnt werk.
**** Mexiko
Theer had for yeers ben petty disputes with Mexiko, kaused mostly bi
the unstabel politiks in Mexiko. Huerta is predident av Mexiko.
Him overthro the guvt in kommon Mexikan ku ("coup" in krat speek).
Amerikan minister in Mexiko bakked him in this. Wilsun fired him.
Huerta foers a insident...arrest a shore party from warship Dolfin
at Tampiko. Then relees em. Apparently a plublisity stunt.
21 Apr 1914: navy land a party at Vera Kruz & take the kustom hous.
This kut off the maen munee suppli tu Mexiko guvt...it go broke.
July 1914: the navy pull out. Huerta run awae. Maby Wilsun win.
rong...Sivil war in Mexiko. Bandit...Pancho Villa pretend him
tri tu bekum president av Mexiko.
19 Okt 1915: speshal kommision a Latin Amerikan kuntrees deside Carranza
is the legal president av Mexiko. This dont help with the sivil war.
Pancho Villa kontro most av the north av Mexiko.
Jan 1916: Pancho kross intu US & murder sum miners.
Mar 1916: Pancho raed Columbus, Nu Mexiko, put it on fire, kill 16.
Wilson order 6000 troops under Jenral Jon J Pershing tu go get Pancho.
Pershing chase him 300 miles, but Carranza get in the wae & snatch 23
us troops.
Feb 1917: US withdraw all troops. Never katch Pancho. Mexikans laff.
Werld War 1=WW1...1914-1918
WW1 started from a chaen av events so straenj, nowon wood beleev it if
sumwon rite a novel with such a plot.
1908: Austria-Hungary snatch area kalled Bosnia-Herzegovina from Ottoman Empier
(Turkee). Many serbs liv in this area & wanna be part av Serbia=
small independent state, tween A-H & Terkee.
28 June 1914: Gavrilo Prinsip, a Serb in Bosnia, killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand
aer tu king av Austro-Hungary empire. Kil him in Sarajevo (later part
av Yugoslavia). Astro-Hungary guvt demand Serbia punish the killer.
23 July 1914: Austria-Hungary ultimatum tu Serbia with extreem demands.
28 July 1914: Austria-Hungary deklare war on Serbia.
31 July: Rushya is allie av Serbia & mobolize for war. This upset Jermany.
1 Aug 1914: Jermany deklare war on Rushya. Jermany spekt tu havta fite Frans
& Rushya...2 fronts. Jermany stradejee sae hit frans hard & fast & nok off
Frans fast. Then tern eest tu fite Rushya. Jermany dred a 2-front war:
Frans in west & Rushya in eest. This stradjee depend on Rushya take long
time tu mobilize army. Wen Rushya start mobolize, this upset Jermany's
plan. Jermany deside tu hit first & hope for best.
2 Aug 1914: Jermany announs it mobolize for war.
Frans see Jermany mobolize & spekt war & so her get redee for war.
Jerman army march thru Belgium tu get tu Frans. England hav treetee
that garantee Belgium nuetrality, so wen Jerman soldyers enter Belgium,
England deklare war on Jermany. Turkee hate Rushya=its long-time rival.
But Turkee waet a wile B4 deside & join Jermany=fite Rushya.
Later, Italy & Japan jump in tu invade neerbi land so em kan grab all
em kan cheep with littel or nowon tu oppose em. Japan grab Marshal
& Mariana Ielands in the Pasifik. Italy goof...did not konker NE werthwile
land.
4 Aug 1914: US reakt with disgust, horror, & disbeleef. President deklare USA
nuetral. Most evreewon agree with him. Sum yung liberal kollej kids
gotu Frans & join her fite, mostlee in elitist orgs such as the
Lafayet Escadril (fli aerplanes). Many Amerikans see the war as a
silly hissy-fit tween Yerop's kings (emperors). King av England & Jermany
R kuzins.
**** Jerman war plan
Jerman war plan=Schlieffen plan require Jermany atak Frans & nok Frans
outta the war in 1 month. Then Jermany shift its army eest tu fite Rushya.
Jermany is skared shitless bout hafta fite on 2 fronts at same time.
The plan assume Rushya will be slo tu mobolize, so Jermany hav 1 month.
Wen Rushya started mobolization, that undermine the foundashun av the plan.
Speed is essenhal. That meen go bi plans made many yeers ago.
Jermany deside tu akt at wons & hope for best. Em made invade plans in
Prushan detael...down tu the last pin. Evreethang had tu go as planned.
Wons activated, it dont provide for NE chanjes. The plan sae: march solid
mass av soldyers thru Belgium (open, flat area tu avoid hills av the Ardenns).
It assume Belgium will roll over & plae ded. Jermans march south neer koest
deep intu Frans, tern eest, pass south av Paris til get tu Rine River
Thus yu isolate French armees in north Frans & em will surrender.
All in 1 month. Jermany hav big army, the best in Yerrop. & more
& bigger guns (artillery).
The plan require full yuze av raelroeds tu kollekt troops & take em tu jump
off points. Then soldyers march & hoerses pull guns & supplies.
Noweer is theer a motor vehikel.
**** Frans war plan
Frans plan is "elan". Opposit tu Jerman. No preset objektivs. Stae flexabel.
Em hav bout same number av soldyers as Jermany & spekt tu fite 1 on 1.
Frans kan mobolize 1.3 milyun soldyers almost as fast as the Jermans.
Em sae fiting spirit will bring viktree. Unfortunately, fiting spirit
is no match for masheen gun bullets. Frans Dont no weer the atak will be
so must be flexabel. I.e. must be abel tu maneuver tu meet the Jermans.
Frans depend on sum help from Britian tu hold the west side av defens line.
Week point: French soldyers had brite blue & red yuniforms...grate targets
for Jerman bullets. Top French jenral=Joffre: engineer...solid
& dependabel, but not brite. Faerlee good on defens=wot Frans need.
**** Brit war plan
Britian is mostly a see power & hav ben for 300 yeers. Her stradejee is tu
kontrol the sees with strong navy. Then a small professhunal army kan fite
at a kritikal point tu deside hu win. England had sum resent speereeans
fite war...the Boer war in South Afrika (1899-1902). Brit soldyers
lerned theer...yuniforms R dull brown so harder for enemee tu see yu.
NE-time yu defend a spot, dig in. Em hav a good rifle & no how tu yuze it.
Nun av the others had speereeans with war in last 30 yeers.
***** fite
5 Aug 1914: Jerman von Kluk army 1 atak Belgian fort at Leeg.
Belgians fite but R overweelmed. It take til 14 Aug for Jermans tu take
all the forts in the area...much longer than planned.
14 Aug: first Brit troops land in Frans...take 12 daes=very slo.
18-20 Aug 1914: Eest end av line...both sides atak & blunder intu eech other.
Jermans win & advans. In 1 on 1 fite, Jermans much superior tu French.
21 Aug: Belgium troops fall bak tu Antwerp.
23 Aug: Jermans atak Brit troops dug in at extreem west end av French line
(inside Belgium). Brits hold, but French fall bak, so Brits retreet tu
stae in line with French.
25 Aug: Jerman hi kommand deside tu shift 2 kore av troops from Frans tu eest
tu fite Rushyun atak in Eest Prushya. Big mistake. Krisis in eest end B4
the troops get theer. If had staed in Frans, mite hav ben nuff tu
Brake the french line. Jerman troops push deep intu Frans,
but French stop em just south av the Marne River.
5-9 Sep 1914: Battel av the Marne...53 Jerman divisions atak 57 allied.
Then French kounteratak & drive Jermans north.
14 Sep 1914: War settel down intu trench war with line bout 50 miles north av Paris.
3 yeers av stalemate. French & Brits tri many massiv (milyun man) ataks.
Oenlee thang em get is big piles av ded. Eest front also a stalemate.
But 2 much land in eest for solid front, so more muve around.
But distanses so grate, if 1 jenral advans 300 miles, dont meen much.
Jermany is stuk in a 2-front war...the thang her dred most.
***** war at see
Britian dominated the see & blokaeded Jermany tu tri tu starv her out.
Jerman navy not strong nuff tu challenj England, so em tern tu Submarines
( U-boets). At first, subs oenly atak enemee warships.
England & Frans order lotta stuff from US: food & arms. England
kontrol the sees, so most merchant ships kan get tu England or Frans.
Not praktikal tu tri tu trade with Jermany. Soon war orders bring
prospertee tu faktrees in US.
4 Feb 1915: Jermany tell all that waters round England is a war zone & her
will sink all ships her kan theer. That inklude fraters & passenger ships.
In time, Jerman U-boets sink nuff Amerikan ships tu get evreewon mad & that
bring USA intu the war.
7 Mae 1915: Jermany subs sink Lusitania off Ireland, 1100 sivilians die.
inklude 128 Amerikans. This make many in US mad. At time go bi, it
get badder & US get madder & eventually join the war ginst Jermany.
US in WW1
1916: elekshuns kumming. Maen subjekt="preparedness"...get redee for war.
Gradually, most Amerikans support the idea av inkrees military tu get redee
in kase US gotta fite war.
29 Aug 1916: Kongres pass the "big navy akt"...10 yeer plan tu make US navy the
biggest in the werld. But war end long B4 that, so not many ships get dun.
7 Sep 1916: Shipping Bord Akt...50 milyun $ tu bild/bi merchant ships.
***** 1916 is elekshun yeer & Wilson win reelekshun mostly on the slogan
"he kept us outta the war". 6 months later, US is in the war.
1916 Trench War: Verdun (Feb-July) 600,000 ded (French & Brits atak).
31 Jan 1917: Jermany annound unrestrikted sub warfare
3 Feb 1917: Wilson brake diplomat relashuns with Jermany
***** Zimmerman note
Jerman forin minister send note tu pres Carranza av Mexiko that proposed
allians ginst USA. Reward: Mexiko tu get Texas, Nu Mexiko, & Arazona.
Brit spies intersepted the radio brodkast, dekoded it, & send kopee tu
Wash DC. Majer disaster for Jerman propagandists.
4-6 Apr 1917: Kongres deklare war on Jermany. As Yuzeyual, we was
kot flat-footed=not redee. Had tu bild Army & evreethang els from skratch.
US never bekame an allie; her was an "associate".
US never at war with Terkee or Bulgaria (hu fite with Jermany).
8 Jan 1918: Wilson plublish his "18-points"...the basis for pees.
WW1: 1917-1918
***** war at see
Feb-Mar 1917: loss av Brit merchant ships tu Jerman subs is "appalling"
900,000 tons in April 1917. Sumtime that summer, Brits wise up & start
konvoys av mershant ships with warships (destroyers) tu fite off subs.
ship loss drop tu 300,000.
4 Mae 1917: first US navy destroyers reech England tu help...Us krus
under Brit kommanders. Destroyers help konvoy ships tu England.
18 Mae 1917: US draft ("selectiv Servis Akt")
In 1918, all men 18-45 gotta register & 24.2 milyun did.
2.2 milyun drafted in 1917-1918.
17 nov 1917: first time US ship sink Jerman sub.
US made & sent tu Yerop 120 "subchasers"=110 ft (very small) ships
dezined tu fite subs. US also xpanded bild merchant ships & soon bild
em faster than Jermans kan sink em...total number ships inkreez.
Jermany lost 203 u-boets in the war. England sank 137 av em,
US sank 4, French sank 3. But 176 subs surrendered at end av war.
***** war on land
Bi end av 1917, 180,000 Amerikan troops made it tu Frans. But em was broke
down intu small yunits so as tu pare em with speereeansed troops in the line
so em kan lern bout trench warfare.
Feb 1918: First US ground troops see akshun at the front in Frans (10 months
after deklare war). It took averaej av 8 months tu assembel drafted men
intu a division, traen em, arm em, & get em tu Frans. Bi end av 1918,
US put 4 milyun men intu the military & 2 milyun gotu Frans.
1.4 milyun got tu the front. This is desive...it defeet Jermany.
Army depended on French 75mm gun for Artilery. Nu army aer kore tried
but had tu depend on Brit & French planes.
US war loss: 49,000 killed, 230,000 wuended.
57,000 died from dazeez, mostlee flu.
***** Rushya
15 Mar 1917: Start av Rushyun revolushun. Sum army troops mutinee. Czar flee.
Theer was seerees av guvt's, eech more radikal til the kommees take over.
July 1917: last aktiv military war drive bi Rushya, ginst Austria, faeled.
6 Nov 1917: Lenin, Trotsky, & stalin take over...Kommunists kontrol Rushya.
1 Des 1917: Jermany & Rushya sine a "truce". This take Rushya outta the war
& Jermany kan muve its troops from the eest front tu the west.
***** 1918, war in the west.
Jermans muve bout 1 milyun soldyers from eest tu west.
21 Mar 1918: Marshal Ludendorf start Jerman offensiv=atak Brit troops neer Arras.
Jermany hav 207 divisions in the west, Allies hav 173+ 9 Amerikan.
Jermans advans 25-40 miles. Seerees av ataks; Jermans reech the Marne in Mae.
6 June 1918: first offensiv bi Amerikan troops...Chateau-Thierry.
15 Jul 1918: Last big Jerman atak. Jermans run outta men.
Sep 1918: 900,000 Amerikan+135,000 French atak & brake the Hindenberg line.
3 Okt 1918: Jerman guvt send out first "prees overtures".
11 Nov 1918: "armistice" stop the fiting in the west. In effekt the war is over.
Jermany luze, but dont admit it.
after WW1...pees talks & Leeg av Naeshuns
Talk bout vindiktiv! England & Frans was mad as hell at Jermany &
Jermany gotta pae. First em insist the "emperor" gotta go...the Kaiser
had tu "abdikate" (leev...him did) B4 em will start tu talk pees.
Em insist Jermany gotta form a demokratik guvt. Jermany did, but
never beleev init. Had aristokratik guvts as far bak as NE remember.
England & Frans (+ US & Italy as miner plaers) made the treetee.
Jermany dont get a sae, dont get tu kum tuit. England & Frans
keep the blokaed av Jermany til dun make the treetee=8 months.
Purpus=keep Jermany week. But it kauzed lotta hardship & resent
in Jermany. Later, this resent is big part av wi Hitler got power.
Hard tu form a good guvt wen evreewon hungry.
President Wilson went tu Paris tu tri tu get pees based on his 14 points
& fael. He had nuff apeel tu the kommon man in England & Frans that he got
em tu tone down theer harsh terms a littel, but result still very bad.
But then, harsh wasnt harsh nuff. Sum wanted the armees tu march in and
occupi Jermany. Did NOT du that...military tired av fiting & sae stop.
This kum bak tu haunt em wen Hitler charj Jermany never lost the war...it was
fooled (betraed) intu surrender bi politishuns. Silly argument, but many
Jermans beleev it or fool self intu thank it.
Jon M Keynes rote an ekonomik book in Jan 1920 that sed Wilson was
"bamboozled" bi slik operaters Lloyd Jorj & Clemenceau. Nies nu term Jon.
The "talks" took 10 weeks tu start & lasted 6 months [wot blabbermouths].
French leeder=Clemenceau "tiger av Frans". Brit=Lloyd Jorj. Both old siniks.
Frans insist it gotta be "secure". Bi that em meen Jermanee gotta be so week
it kan never threten Frans agin. Reel result is Jermany invaded Frans 20
yeers later. England insist Jermany gotta pae for the war...war kosts & all
her luze...estimated 120 bilyun $.
Theer was bit plaers 2...Orlando av Italy wanted rewards from join the war.
Him wanna annex land fron Austria & Balkins. Wilson frustrate him kauz
that wood steel from other kuntrees for no reesun. Orlando got mad & go home.
Later Mussolini klaem Italy was "robbed".
Japan okkupied Jerman ielands in the Pasifik in the war & keep em.
Later tern em intu military bases even tho promised tu never du that.
Wilson wanted the Leeg av Naeshuns tu "prevent fyucher wars".
He just barely got 1, but the US senat rejekted it, so US dont join.
The maen thang Wilson got was tu redraw the boundrees av most kuntrees in
Yerop tu reflekt hu liv theer. The idea av "self determinashun" bekum
latest buzz-werd. Many kuntrees in Eest Yerop was in empires.
Now many bekum littel kuntrees for first time in 500+yeers...
Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.
In the baltiks weer the war started, em made Yugoslavia. Bigwigs
deside the ethnik grueps theer 2 small for all tu get a kuntree. Thus Yugo
inkulde many ethnik grueps that hate eech other, and oft fite eech other.
The Leeg had a body tu tri tu settel disputes. After the war it supervise
votes-av-the-peepl (plebissites in krat speek) in several disputed areas
tu deside wich kuntree get that area. That help a littel.
Frans wanted tu take the "Rhineland" awae from Jermany. Wilson got it
toned down tu okkupi it. Poland wanted Prushya; wilson sed no.
25 Jan 1919...Pees Konferens agreed tu form speshal kommittee tu draw up the
Leeg and make it part av the treetee...big win for Wilson.
28 June 1919...Treetee av Versailles: formal sine (7 months aft war end)
Maen points:
1. Jermany admit her started the war.
2. It take awae all Jermany kolonys & giv em tu a Allie.
3. Take Alsace-Lorrain from Jermany & giv it tu Frans.
4. Take land from Jermany & giv tu Poland tu giv Poland a port on the Baltik.
That area hav more Jermans than Poles & garantee fyucher konflikt over it.
5. Jermany army & navy destroyed. Allies take awae all warships & sink em.
Jerman army limited tu 100,000 men.
6. Jermany gotta pae...an "indemnity" first gess=15 bilyun $.
but subjekt tu be rekalkulated as needed.
also kalled "Reparations". In praktis, Jermany was 2 poor tu pae
& in 1929 the Allies stopped tri tu kollekt.
7. Took a lotta land awae from Hungary & gave it tu Romania.
July 1919: Wilson retern tu US. Submit treetee tu senut. The Leeg is a big
issue.
19 Nov 1919: tu hav treetee, US senut gotta hav 2/3 yes. Did not even get 50%.
Thus, we R still at war with Jermany (WW1 war).
***** Leeg av Naeshuns
Purpus="promote internashunak ko-operation tu acheev pees & sekerity".
NE kuntree kan join.
It hav an "assemblee" weer eech kuntree hav 1 vote.
" a kounsil av 5 most powerful members+ 4 elekted bi the assemblee.
" "permanent secretariat" at Geneva (Switz)
" Kort av internashunal justis at the Hague (Holland)
The Leeg tu manage former Jerman kolonees under a "mandate"
In theory the former kolonys R in trusteeship. In praktis, em was terned over
tu a kuntree on the allied side. Japan got vareeus ielands in the Pasifik
& terned em intu war bases (Navy bases & military aerfeelds).
The Leeg was the first tri tu form a permanent internashunal body tu keep
the pees. It had many flaws as all admitted. Biggest komplaent is it did not
hav NE wae tu enfoers wotever it thank is rite. Later replaced bi the UN
with the same problem.
1920's...nu invents, kar is king
soshal chaenj, muve tu sitees, kar bekum kommon, roreing 20's, gangsters
After WW1, sosiety in Amerika chaenjed big time. The rise av the kar
("automobile" in krat speek) was at the hart av the chaenj. First kalled
the hoersless karraej, started round 1895...a karraej with 1-silender gas
engin & a bike chaen tu konnekt engin tu reer axel. At first it was luxury
for the rich. Wen cheep nuff for kommon man tu bi it, farmer kan gotu town
& wot a shok the sitee was. More motors=less hoerses & less hoers-shit.
In the west, farmers kood truk produes tu town & no longer depend on
raelroed. wen WW1 end, kars R kommon nuff, publik demand better roeds.
Pries av model T cheep nuff kommon man bi it. This chaenj evreethang.
Truks & buses apeer & soon wipe out trolly lines & later threten raelroeds.
Chaen stores rise...A&P, Woolwerth, Piggly-wiggly; stores all over.
Kompeteet tu sell kars leed tu advertize and "hi-powered" salesmen.
Soldyers hu retern from Frans loosened morals...em lerned from French girls.
restrikted immigrashun stopped the endless suppli av cheep laber & made
faktree job werthwile. Female Amerika broke outta the hous & got jobs.
Morals go down, hemlines up...aej av the flapper.
Former farmers flood the sitees.
1876 N A Otto invent the gas enjin...4 siekel engin.
1903 Glidden tuer...34 kars go from N York Sitee tu Pitsberg in 8 daes.
1907 first gas staeshun...Seattel
1908 Henree ford made his first model T kar. "tin lizzee". kost=850$.
1914 Henree ford yuze assemblee line tu reduez kost av make kars.
1916 Henree ford sell 500,000 model T's.
1916 kongres match state munee 50-50 tu bild hiwaes tu konnekt sitees.
1924 Ford Model T kost 265$. Ford werkers get 5$/dae...take 53 weeks tu make 265$.
1925 half the famlees in the north hav a kar
1929 $ value av kar exports > kotton
aerplanes ("aviation" in krat speek)
17 Des 1903: Rite brothers fli first heeveer-than-aer plane (582 ft)
1909 Luis Bleriot fil monoplane kross English Channel.
1914-1918 biplanes yused in WW1 tu see wot the enemy is up tu (observashun)
suen evolved intu fiters tu straef ground troops or shoot at enemy planes.
sum planes even drop bombs. First metal planes replaes stiks & kanvas.
1921: firat airkraft carrier...USS Langlee
1923: fli nonstop kross Amerika, 2500 mile from NuYork tu San Diego, 27 hrs
9 Mae 1926: Kommander Richard E Byrd fli over the north pole
1927 solo fli kross Atlantik, Charles Lindberg, Nu York tu Paris
20-21 Mae, 3600 mile, 33.5 hrs
July 1927: Pan American Aerwaes got kontrakt tu fli mael from Kee West tu Kuba.
1932 Douglas Aerkraft sell 24 DC-2's tu TWA. paelode=12 passengers
speed=150 mph. All-metal plane.
1936 Douglas sell first DC-3. bi 1950, sell 11,000 at 100,000$ eech.
21 passengers.
immigrashun
1921 Kongress pass the Jonson akt...limit immigrants tu 3% av how many in US.
based on kuntree em kum from. Yuzing 1910 sensus, max=358,000/yeer.
Most foriners R from North Yerrop, so its limit= 200,000/yr.
1924 chaenjed max tu 2%
1929 set max immigrants tu 150,000/yeer
result: reel pae go up for first time in 50 yeers.
averaej waej in konstant dollars:
1914...10.73$/week
1926 13.14
yuenyunized bilding trades:
1914 18.22
1926 23.94
yuenyun mine werkers:
1914 11.56
1926 15.03
morals
Jan 1920: Admend 18 prohibit alkohol drinks (beer, wine, wiskee, ets)
1920 Admend 19 giv wemen the rite tu vote
result:mass bootlegging, smuggling, speekeezees, gang wars, korruptshun.
in 10 yeers, feds arrest 500,000 for brake the Volsted akt.
**** roaring 20's...
Aej av "flappers"=lively wemen in nonlegal booz joints. Wemen did all sorts
av thangs that 10 yrs b4 wood get em hounded outta town...short skirts,
haer in stranj du's such as the bob (banned in Boston), lipstik & silk hoze,
stae out all nite. And loos sex was the talk av the town, but yu kant pruve it.
Kars provide nu wae tu romans girls awae from the famlee "parlor".
That leed tu park in dark at favorit "luver's leep".
Rumers abound bout the "white slave" traffik. Many sitees tri tu shut down
the "red lite distrikt"...tu redues VD, not tu stop sex.
"Muving pikchers" or muvees hav hot "sujestiv" "luvin" tu fire up the imajin.
Dans bekum avaelabel at niteklubs, not just at the cherch piknik.
& such danses: Tango from Argentina, hesitashun waltz (banned bi the
Federation av wemen's klubs in 1914),bunny-hop, fox trot & turkee trot.
Girls hu still weeer Korsets R kalled "Old Ironsides".
Girls drink hard liquer, and then (gasp) smoke sigs.
Muzik: jazz bekame the rage. & yu dont hafta gotu a speekeezee. Just put a
rekord on the plaer & wind up the spring. Or at nite listen tu the radio.
**** literature...the werd "debunk" kum from book "bunk" bi Will E Woodward
(1923) It rerite histree & sae evree grate man in US past was just a
rich man hu trik the masses. Him start with Jorj Washington.
**** Siens kum tu Amerika
Rich men endow yuniversitees & em sponser siens. Amerikan astronomer
Lowel see kanals on Mars. Later his men at observatory neer Flagstaf
find Pluto=nu planet beyond Neptune.
Shapely at Mt Wilson find the yunivers expand.
Medasin got organized & find kauz & kure for dazeez. US averaej
lifespan inkreez from 49 in 1900 tu 59 in 1930. Smallpox &
Yello fever almost wiped out.
**** gangs (mobs) take over big sitees
Gangs start with bootleeging & smuggel in booz, then take over
niteklubs & speekeezees & illegal "sports bets" & expand tu all em kan.
1929: St Valentine's Dae Massaker kap the fued tween Al Kapone & "Bugs" moran.
in 4 yeers Shekago had 215 murders & kops dont hav a klue.
Tu this dae, Shekago kops & mobsters R partners.
1933: em prohibit prohibishun...liquer is quiker agin.
**** ekonomee boom
It was the best av times, jobs aplenty, all sorts av nu booms...oil tu muvees.
Plenty av good-paeing jobs. & look at the stok market with instant milyunaers.
All kame tumbling down in Sep 1929 with the stok market krash, down til 1933.
1921-1933...Republikans
*********** Amerikan presidents av the 1920's
Harding, 1921-1923, Republikan, pres 29
Koolidj, 1923-1929, Republikan, pres 30
Hoover, 1929-1933, Republikan, pres 31
12 yeers av Republikan presidents...Warren Harding, Kalvin Koolikj, Herbert Hoover.
All week & inept. Repubikans also kontrolled both houses av kongress til 1931.
All faeled tu kope with the problems av the dae. Em in power "forget nuthang
& lern nuthang". Republikans banned Teddy & his folloers. All left R
konservativs & reakshunarees. & never shal a nu idea enter. Em tern
theer bak on Wilsun & the werld. Must be rite kauz em got 60+% av the votes.
foren polasee=isolashun. Domestik polasee=big biz.
Harding's kampane slogan: "retern tu normalsy"...as dum as yu kan get.
Koolidj sed "The biz av Amerika is biz".
Harding
Harding...1921-1923 president 29, die in offis, republikan, from Ohio
Warren Gamaliel Harding
Harding appointed many nobody freends from Ohio tu many guvt posts.
"hollo men" akkording tu T S Eliot (he sed that appli tu US & Yerrop).
The Amerikan wae is the Andru Jakson wae...NE-1 is qualified for NE guvt
job. Basikally Harding is in over his hed: job require more than him.
**** forin
1916: under Wilsun, kongres pass the "big Navy" tu make US navy biggest in werld.
1921-22: Navy Disarm Konferens...start in DC on 12 Nov 1921 US propose
skrap all ships started but not dun (300milyun $ spended on em).
6 Feb 1922: treetee
5/5/3 raesheeo for battelships & airkraft karriers US & Britian
get 5, Japan get 3 based on total tons av ships em bild.
10 yr "holidae"=dont bild NE big warships for next 10 yeers.
In praktis US & Britian did not bild as much as the treetee let em but
Japan bild 2-times the max the treetee sed her kan. Apparentlee, Amerikan
guvt big-wigs talk self intu thank a pees av paper is progres.
1929: Kellog-Briand Pees Pak...Agree tu "renouns war as a instrument av
nashunal polasee". Sound grate & meen nuthan. 62 kuntrees sined it.
That inklude Jermany, Japan, Italy. That 3 suen start wars.
Oenlee thang that kum from it...we yuze it as exkuez after WW 2 tu
punish bigwigs in Jermany & Japan for violate this treetee & hanged em.
**** war debts:
during WW1, US loned 7 bilyun $ tu England, Frans, & Italy. & 3 bil more
after the war. Ekonomee poor & nun kan pae it bak.
1923: Kongress redues was debt 30-80% & extend pae-off date tu 1999.
During the depreshun, the debts was wiped off the books...never paed.
**** Jermany
Jermany was spozed tu pae "reparashuns" tu England & Frans.
Des 1922: Jermany suspend such paements. Frans invaded Jermany tu tri tu kollekt
& fael. Finans wiz kids: US lone $ tu Jermany so her pae England & Frans.
1931: bi 1931, all Yeropeon guvts default on all lones. US stuk...rite off all
as werthless.
**** China & Japan
Japan withdraw from the majer areas av China her okkupied during WW1.
1923: Militarists in Japan planned tu take over the guvt, but big erthquake
kaused em tu delae it.
18 Sep 1931: Japan army that okkupi Korea muve intu Manchuria. In effekt,
This is the start av WW2.
Sep 1932: Leeg kondem Japan for invade Manchuria; Japan leev the Leeg.
**** Harding Skandals
"kernel" Charles Forbes=Vets buro boss resizened wen publik found out him
got kikbaks from kontraks tu bild vet hospitals & from sell war surplus.
him gotu jael. His "aide" kill self.
Mar 1923: legal adviser tu boss guvt lawyer bern papers, then kill self.
Cheef guvt lawyer, Harry Daugherty foersed tu rezine for giv guvt jobs tu
freends & giv liquor permits & pardons.
** Teepot Dome skandal...oil land in Wyoming reserved for Navy.
Mar 1920: Senater Albert B Fall got Harding tu make him sekratary av interior.
1922: Fall talk Navy Sekratary=Edwin M Denby intu muve the reserv tu interior
dept. Fall make korrupt deel with Sinclair Oil tu pump oil from Navy reserv
at Elk Hill, Kalif & Teepot Dome, Wyoming. Dispite wot yu thank, this was
legal. But Fall got "lones"=bribes av 400,000$ from oil big-wigs...not legal.
Kongres subkommitee investigate 2 yeers B4 it find a "lone" fall forgot
tu bern. Fall gotu prisun...first member av president kabnet tu gotu jael.
**********
2 Aug 1923 Harding die av "ptomain poison" or numoenya, or stroke or hart atak.
Wife forbid autopsee, so rampant rumers bout reel kauz...sum thank poison.
Coolidj
Calvin Coolidj 1923-1929, president 30
Kuelidj bekum president wen Harding die...Aug 1923
From Nu England, 51 yrs old. "silent kal" is faemus for never sae much.
frugal, quiet, opposit tu the bussel & hipe at that aej.
"I was never hert bi wot I never sed" thats kal.
1924...Republikans noniate him, him win, term 2=1925-1929.
nuthang happen
4 Des 1928: Kal's last statement "regard present with satisfakshun,
antisapate fyucher with optimism".
Herbert Hoover
Herbert Hoover 1929-1933, president 31
Hoover was a mining engineer & sekratary av kommers under Harding & Koolidj.
Never B4 elekted tu offis, he was elekted bekaus the folks was kontent kauz
ekonomee was good, so evreewon feel good. Will Rogers sed
"yu kant lik this prosperity thang, even the fellow without it is
all xsited over the idea". Stok market rose in the booming 1920's.
Many kommon folk bi a pees av the akshun. Til 1926, it was investment.
The kuntree was prosperus, the ekonomee good. Industree made more munee.
Then wild spekulation take over & stok market bekum wild.
Stok market Krash, 1929
Sep 1929...stoks start down, but had happened many times B4.
16 Okt 1929: faemus ekon professor Irving Fisher (Yale) sed
"stok prieses hav reeched wot look like a permanent hi plato".
23 Okt 1929: Big drop in stok prieses, first av many tu kum.
24 Okt 1929: oft kalled "blak Thursdae"
Dow Industrials drop 89% from 23 Okt 1929 tu mid 1932.
Bad got badder & next thang yuno: depreshun...the Grate Depreshun.
The spekulashun was so wild, a krash was just bout garanteed.
But the bad times & the depreshun was not. Many times B4 we had big
spekulate, then panik. Sumtimes the panik leed tu hard times,
but never like this.
Now, wen stok prieses fall, yu get marjin kalls. Lotta folks
borroed munee tu bi stoks. Wen stok pries fall, gotta put up more munee
or foersed tu sell. This kaused more selling & pries drop more. Puzzel:
pries av other thangs fall, such as farm krops. Then produkshun
dropped, & werkers laed off. This spiral feed on itself, badder & badder.
Not as many jobs, so famlees spend less. Stores & faktrees lae off werkers.
Many banks faeled in the depresshun. Many invested, sumtimes in stoks
more likely in reel estate or lokal biz. Wen thees go bad, bank gotta
put up munee, just like stok investers hu borroed. So bank sell tu
raes kash. But all sell so prieses go down. More kommon was bank
lone munee tu wall street brokers or theer kumtomers. Wen stok pries
go down, banker want borroer tu put up more munee. Him kant. so bank
kall in the lone. Stok is his sekerity for the lone. Him sell it.
Luze munee. Then bank dont hav nuff kapital bi guvt rules. Him need
tu raes kash, so him sell sumthang. Endless cycle av sell-sell.
Many banks went broke & kloes. Kommon folk luze the munee
em had in the bank. No guvt inshuer av bank akkounts bak then.
Theer R sum hu klaem FDR ended the drepreshun...RONG.
Hitler ended the depreshun with his littel war in Yerrop. England & Frans
bi a lotta stuff from USA as em geer up for war. That revive the ekon heer.
But it took til 1942 for US tu be faerlee prosperus agin. Tojo duit.
1930: Hawlee-Smoot raesed tarifs, redues trade. Yerrop retaliate & trade drop
even more. Soon, Yerrop hav munee problems 2. Just like US.
11 Des 1930: Bank av the United States go belly up. So many banks fael
a rumer kauz a run on a bank that was sound til then & it go broke.
1931: Vienna Kreditanstalk [bank] go broke. Britian abandon gold standard.
grate depresshun, 1929-1939
1932: lo point: 25% av werkers (estimate) outta werk= 12.8 milyun.
Shanny towns "hoovervil" gro up as pennyless tri tu survive.
Farm prieses dropped so lo, even the most effishent farmers kant survive.
Fruit rot on trees in Kalif kauz farmer kant afford tu hire werkers, even
tho pae=10% wot it was a fyu yeers B4.
1932: Estimated 2 milyun men roem the kuntreeside, hope for food and/or werk.
1932: Demokrats kontrol the hous...Rekonstrukshun Finans Korp tu lend $ tu Biz.
This prevent many biz bankrupt, but no sine it help the ekonomee.
Later under Roosevelt, it spend 3.5 bilyun $ on banks & 1 bil on other Biz.
No evidens that help the ekonomee.
****** outta werk ("unemploement" in krat speek)
yeer % outta werk
1923-1928 3.3%
1929 3.2
1930 8.9
1931 15.9
1932 23.6
1933 24.9
1934 21.7
1935 20.1
1936 17.0
1937 14.3
1938 19.0
1939 16.2
1940 14.9
1941 9.9
1942 4.7
1943 1.9
1944 1.2
****** Banks...9000 faeled in the 1930's
number banks at yeer end
1929 24,633
1930 22,773
1931 19,970
1932 18,397
1933 15,015
1934 16,096
****** yuenyun members ("union" in krat speek)
1930 12.3 milyun
1935 13.8 milyun
1940 27.6 milyun
****** farm krop pries
1929 1932
wheet 1.60 0.38 $/bushel
Franklin D Roosevelt, 1933
Franklin D Roosevelt (FDR) 1933-1945, pres 32
moto="nu deel"
Frank Roosevelt was a Harvard man, Lawyer, & part av the rich
Nu York alwaes-demokrats branch av the Roosevelt klan. Him didnt get
NE-weer til him marry his distant kuzin Elanor hu was also distant
kuzin tu Teddy Roosevelt.
1921: kot Polio at summer home in Nu Brunswik (Kanada).
1928: Elekted guvner av Nu York state, maenly kauz him is a Roosevelt.
Bekame popular as guvner.
1932: As lekshun aproech, evreewon agree Demokrats will win. Reel fite is
at the nominate konvenshun. Wide open with bout 10 names up. Then
Joseph P Kennedy deside tu bak FDR & bak him with the forchun him
made in the stok market. Lotta bak room deels got FDR nominated.
lekshun: Roosevelt got 22.8 milyun votes=57.3%.
Demokrats got tite kontrol av kongres.
4 Mar 1933...sweer in. "The only thang we hav tu feer is feer".
Roosevelt's deel is tu inkreez the welfare and sekerity av the kommon folk.
It bekame the "welfare state"...muve munee from the rich tu the poor.
The munee tu kum from inkum & inherit taxes. Inkum taxes much hier on rich.
=graduated inkum tax. Inherit tax oenlee appli tu big estates=the rich.
FDR & kongres rerite laber laws so yuenyuns get much more power & numbers go up.
Nu kongress start on 9 Mar 1933. FDR hav a pile av his proposed laws waeting.
Nu laws passed & sined:
09 Mar 1933..Emerjensee Bank akt tu reopen banks kloesed as "insolvent"=broke
20 Mar Ekonomee akt
31 Mar Sivilyun Konserve Kore
19 Apr Abandon gold standard (kongres agree on 5 Jun)
12 Mae Fed Emerjensee Releef akt
12 Mae Farm adjust akt
12 Mae Emerjensee farm morgage akt
18 Mae Tenessee Vallee Authority
27 Mae Truth in Sekeritees
13 Jun Home Oeners lone akt
16 jun Naeshunal Industrial Rekervee
16 jun Glass-Steegal Bank akt
16 jun Farm Kredit akt
12 Mar 1933...president hav first av many "fireside chats"
Roosevelt bilt up unofishal kabinet av advisers kalled the braen-trust.
Harry Hopkins bekame his rite-hand man.
FDR programs
***** Sivilian Konserv Kore (CCC)
Sivilian Konserv Kore was a wae tu giv jobs tu outta werk yung.
It make jobs outta nuthang, mostlee make-werk. It was all out doors
planted many trees, rake leefs, kleen up in jenral. Idea was tu get
yung men off the streets & put sum munee in theer pokkets so em spend & hope
spend revive the ekonomee. Army ran it. Had 1300 kamps bi mid June 1933.
2.5 milyun was in it at sum time bi 1940. At leest it kept yung men
outta gangs & outta trubel.
19 April 1933: FDR go off the gold standard.
Paper munee no longer bakked bi gold. Evreewon gotta tern over tu guvt
all the gold him hav (not legal for NE-1 tu hav gold).
***** 12 Mae 33: Emerjensee releef akt
Emerjensee releef send munee from fed guvt tu state & lokal guvts.
The Sivil Werks Admin gro up tu run it. It fund lokal projeks tu giv
jobs tu outta werkers. Bi Jan 34, 4 milyun werkers init. It bild skuels,
roeds, aerports, parks, sewers. oft kalled "werk releef".
Jun-July 1933: London Werld Muneee & Ekonomik Konferens...all talk, no akshun.
Bankers wanted tu stabalize kurrensees. FDR refuze tu agree tu NE-thang
the bankers kum up with.
***** Nashunal Industrial Rekuvree (16 June 1933)
Part 1= NRA was part av this, but in 1935 Supreem Kort thro it out.
It made rules ("kodes" in guvt speek) tu kuver yuenyuns, werk
kondishuns, "collectiv bargining", min & max werk ours, forbid kid
laber (underaej werkers), min pae. Sumtimes kontroled prieses.
It "kodified" 700 industrees. Biz hate it bekauz it restrikt em.
in 1935 the supreem kort ruled it nonkonstitushunal. Bi then 23 minyun
werkers are under its kodes.
*** WPA
Part 2=Werks Projekts Admin (WPA) werked on reforest, flood kontrol,
water & sewer, skuels, & skolarships. It inkluded a sekshun for riters,
artists, muzikans. Em paented murals on outside walls av guvt bildings.
Lotta demokratik guvts repeet this even tudae (& just as werthless).
***** AAA...Agricultural Adjustment Akt av 12 Mae 1933
McNary-Haugen Farm Releef bill
Emerjensee Farm Morgage Akt...12 Mae 1933
***** FPA...Farm Projekt Admim
This was the start av guvt pae farmers tu not gro krops in hopes that
will raes pries av farm krops. We still hav it tudae. Didnt werk then,
dont werk tudae. Now we hav big korporat farms that get bilyun's/yeer
from US taxpaers tu pretend tu not plant krops.
The 1933 ajensee paed kottom farmers tu plow under theer krops.
It also slottered 6 milyun littel pigs so em kant gro up tu be
big pigs that mite then be sold for food.
***** Home Oeners Lone Korp
Home Oeners Lone Korp was popular. It refinans small home morgages
Fed guvt pae 1 bilyun $ for 300,000 morgages.
Bank akt garantee individual bank deposits...if bank go under, yu get
yer munee from the feds (up tu 100,000$/akkount).
***** stok market & banks
27 Mae 1933...Truth-in-Securitees Akt
June 1933...Glas-Steegal Bank Akt
It prohibit normal banks from invest. Oenlee "investment banks"
kan invest.
6 Jun 1934: make Sekeritees & Exchaenj Komm tu regulate stok exchanges.
Kumpanee gotta register all sekeritees the exchaenjes bi/sell.
It made rules tu tri tu stop stok manipulashun.
***** TVA...18 Mae 1933..Tennessee Vallee Authority Akt
TVA was a nu idea. Maen purpus was tu bild dams on the Tenn River
tu prevent floods in an area with many poor. The dams also make power
(elektrisity=guvt kompeet with private kumpanees. Guvt sell it cheep.
***** Publik werks
29 Mae 1935: Bolder Dam ofishally dun (neer Vegas). Took 1 more yeer tu make
powerhous & 7 yeers tu fill Lake meed. Big soers av lektrons for LA.
1936 Soil Konverv akt replaes AAA...purpus=reforest marjinal & abandoned land.
Fed guvt bilt several big dams out west as publik werks=make jobs.
1938: Bonnevil dam 35 miles up the Kolumbia from Portland.
1941: Grand Koolee dam on Kolumbia River dun...make 2 milyun kilowatts.
& divert river water tu irrigate the "Skablands".
***** Soshal Sekerity
14 Aug 1935 Soshal Sekerity...start tu pae retirees & disabeled.
***** Rural Electrification Admin, 1936
FDR forin affaers
July 1933: FDR torpedoed the London Ekonomik Konferens
Nov 1933: US reknize Kommee guvt in Rushya...yeeld tu fakts av life.
1934: Reciprokal Trade Agreee law tri tu get reduesed tarif bi get treetee with
kuntree x: 2 kuntrees agree tu loer tarrifs on spesified goods tu eech other.
Got paks with 16 kuntrees. In 1938, triad tu em 16 is up 40% from 1930.
1936: US, Brit, & Frans agree tu tri tu stabelize theer exchaenj rates.
1938: Mexiko grab all forin oil kumpanees (Presz=Cardenas).
***** Supreem Kort
The kort was konservativ & kill many laws Roosevelt got thru kongress.
Mae 1935: kill Nashunal Industrial Rekuvery akt (all vote tu kill it)
6 Jan 1936: kill the Farm Adjust Akt (AAA)
Feb 1937: Roosevelt tri tu "pak" the kort tu add more judjes tu supreem kort.
(yu kant fire em & kant foers em tu retire or quit).
It fael. But apparentlee kort get message...em ok nu laws much like 1's
em killed. Then a lotta old judjes die, so Roosevelt suen hav almost
all nu judjes.
***** Ekonomee:
Mid 1932: lo point, estimated 12.8 milyun outta werk
mid 1936: bout 9 milyun outta werk (stil bad)
***** Laber & Yuenyuns
Yuenyuns got many nu rites from laws passed as part av the nu deel.
But management was determined tu rule & if that meen brake the yuenyuns,
so be it.
1934: nashunal strikes ginst kar bilders, textile mills. San Fran shut down.
1935: Kongres av industrial orgs formed (CIO)...much more agressiv than the AFl.
5 July 1935 Wagne-Connery akt replase the NRA wich Supreem kort killed.
It make the Nashunal Laber Relashuns Bord tu tri tu get management & laber tu
settel problems without strikes. In first 5 yeers had 33,000 kases
with 7 milyun werkers. 90% setteled w/o strike..
3,166 strikes, 2383 setteled.
1937: big & bloody strikes ginst kar makers.
Jun 1938: Faer Laber Standards Akt tu set werk ours & minimum wage=0.40 $/hr.
1931-1940: diktaters rise & wars spred
Aggresiv diktaters invade & konker. Amerika is nuetral & sae "hu kare?".
Yerrop is dekadent, under-handed, & a snob; dont appresheate it wen us
help em in WW1 & never pae bak the munee u lone em tu fite that war.
Amerika sae its not nies for Japan tu invade China, but thats not our
affaer & its wae over theer. Pretend it didnt happen.
Japan...military kontrol the guvt
Sep 1931: Japan invade Manchuria...start av the long roed tu werld war 2
1933: Japan okkupi Inner Mongolia
7 July 1937: "China Insident" Japan invent xkues & march south in China
along koest & okkupi all her kan.
"rape av Nanking": Jap soldyers run amuk & kill bout 200,000 Chineez.
1939: japs take Shanghai
26 July 1939: Roosevelt reakt tu Japan okkupi a lotta China: sae kommers treetee
with Japs is ded. Him deside tu pressure Japs tu tri tu stop theer aggresshun.
But Amerika dont want war. So appli munee presshure.
Freez Jap munee in US.
Sep 1940: Japs okkupi French Indochina (after Hitler okkupi Frans)
27 Sep 1940: Jermany, Japan, & Italy sine "Tripartite Pak"
It sae if NE gotu war with US, all duit. This is big problem for
US navy...gotta fite in Atlantik & Pasifik at same time.
17 Okt 1941: Tojo take over Jap guvt...Now kleer even tu the blind that
military kontrol the guvt & kuntree.
26 Nov 1941: Jap warships gotu see tu atak Perl Harber
7 Des 1941: Japan attak Perl Harber, neer Honolulu, Hawaii. US in WW2.
Jan 1942: Japan okkupi Hong Kong, land in Filippines, atak Indonesia
Feb 1942: Japan take Singapore...big defeet for England & the West
Mar 1942: Japan okkupi Burma
Mae 1942: Last holdouts in Filippines giv up...Battan deth march
Jermany...Hitler
Hitler take over Jermany, bekum diktater, take land, start war
Jan 1933: Hitler is Chanceller
1935: denouns the treetee av Versailes. Draft men intu military.
Mar 1936: okkupi the Rineland
5 Nov 1937: Hitler tell top Jerman jenrals his plan tu okkupi Yerrop
Mar 1938: Hitler grab Austria (6.7 milyun pop)
Sep 1938: Brits & Frans let him grab Jerman-speeking border area av Czekoslovakia
Sudeten Jermans...3.5 mil
29 Sep 1938: Brit prime Minister Chamberlain meet Hitler at Munich & sae.
"We hav pees in our dae"...apeezment, suen tu bekum werd av konptempt
Mar 1939: Jermany okkupri Prague & divide rest av Cz intu satelites
31 Mar 1939: England & Frans realize Apeezment went 2 far...seereeus risk av war
em agree tu "garantee" Poland ginst aggression. Em start tu rearm.
But Jermany hav 4 yeer hed start.
24 Aug 1939: non-aggression pak tween Hitler & Stalin
It hav sekret parts that divide Poland tween Jermany & Rushya
****
1 Sep 1939: Hitler invade Poland...start av WW 2 as reel war
okkupi his part av Poland in 4 weeks. The werld lern bout "Blitzkreeg".
3 Sep 1939: England & Frans deklare war on Jermany
Amerika hav komptempt for Yerrop & its wars...dont want nuthang tu du with it
Stalin muve in tu okkupi eest half av Poland
Apr 1940: Hitler okkupi Denmark & Norwae
10 Mae 1940: Jermany Okkupi Belgium, Holland, & invade Frans
Tanks (armer) go thru Ardenns Forest in Beljum tu go round the Magino Line
21 Mae 1940: Jerman army reech the Channel ports & Kut off French & Brits in Belgium.
Dunkirk: Brits take out 340,000 troops (inklude 100,000 French)
Chamberlaen fall & Churchil is boss av England.
Jun 1940: Jermany okkupi Frans...Britian is alone ginst Jermany
14 Jun 40: Paris fall
Wen Frans fall, politikans in DC got skared & start tu bild up US military
In partikular, kongress order many nu warships for the Navy.
suen shipyards hum, but it take 2-3 yeers tu bild warships.
Jun-Des 40: battel av Britian...Jermany yuze aer foers tu tri tu kill Britian, fael
Apr 1941: Jermany & Italy okkupi Yugoslovia & konker Grees
22 Jun 1941: Jermany attak Rushya with 3 milyun soldyers
Get tu edj av Moskow & Leningrad (St Petersberg) wen winter tern tabels.
1942: Jermany resume atak in south part av Rushya, stopped at Stalingrad (Feb 1943)
Italy: Mussolini=Fasist guvt
Okt 1922: Mussolini bekum diktater av Italy
1926: make Albania a protektorate.
1935-36: Italy Invade Ethiopia
Nov 1937: Italy sine pak with Japan & Jermany
1936: Italy invade Ethiopia, okkupi most av it, annex it tu Italy
Hitler & Mussolini join in "Rome-Berlin Axis"
March 1939: Italy okkupi Albania after Hitler okkupi Cz
10 Jun 1940: Mussonini atak Frans after Hitler defeet French Army
Spaen: Franko & Fasists take over
1931: King Alfonso 13 kall elekshun. Republikans win & thro out king.
1936: Jenral Franko in Spain leed rebels ginst Rrepublik, soon most av
army join him.
July 1936: Franko tri a ku (tri tu overthro guvt), fael, & bekum sivil war.
3 yeers av sivil war...Hitler & Mussolini send troops tu get reel
speereeans with war. West is nuetral, but volunteers kum tu fite Franko
=fite with the "republikans".
1939: Franko win war & set up Fasist guvt in Spaen.
estimated 1,000,000 ded.
Rushya & Kommees
Sep 1939: Stalin okkupi eest half av Poland
Nov 1939: Stalin attak Finland
Jul 1940: Stalin okkupi baltik states (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia)
United States
1932-1940 US is nuetral & dont kare wot rest av werld du
Mae 1938: Navy Expand Akt
Sep 1939: US anouns its nuetral in the war in Yerrop
Okt 1939: US setup Advisery Kommitte on Uranium tu study atomik enerjee.
10 June 1940 Roosevelt in speech sez US will help England & du wot we kan
"short av war". Kongres chaenj nuetral law so England & Frans kan bi
war goods if em pae kash.
14 June 1940: Navy Expand Akt. Kongress provide munee tu dubbel Navy.
But take yeers tu bild warships. Navy waest most av it bi werk hardest
tu bild big battelships. Navy will soon need destroyers & aerkraft
karriers & wont hav nuff.
July 1940: Kongres pass the "2-oeshun Navy" akt. Guvt order 45 more warships.
Sep 1940: Kongres start draft...first time US hav draft B4 get intu the war.
Roosevelt trade 50 old destroyers for 99 yeer lees av Brit Bases in
the West Indees.
Des 1940: Roosevelt "arsenal av demokrasee" speech
Jan 1941: Roosevelt "4 freedums" relijun, speech, from want, from feer.
Mar 1941: kongres pass "lend/lees"=help England fite Hitler
Apr 1941: US send troops tu Greenland tu prevent Jermans from put base theer.
Jun 1941: US freez Jerman munee & ships in US
July1941: US freez Jap munee in US. & stop export steel & oil tu Japan.
This kauzed the Jap military tu deside tu atak US. Oil was essenshal
tu the Jap war masheen.
10 Aug 1941: Roosevelt & Churchil meet in Nufound land & make the
"Atlantik Charter"
4 Sep 1941 Jerman Sub (u642) fite US destroyer USS Greer
Roosevelt order Navy tu "shoot on site" NE Jerman sub.
31 Okt 41: Jerman sub sink US destroyer Rueben James...eskort kargo ships
tu England.
WW 2...US part init
1939: WW2 started in Yerrop wen Hitler invaded Poland. Then Jermany &
Rushya divided Poland tween em. Soon Rushya okkupied eest Yerrop.
Apr 1939: Jermany okkupi Denmark & Norwae.
Mae 1939: Jermany okkupi Beljum, Holland, & Frans.
US guvt ofishal polasee=nuetral. Old laws prohibit US tu hav
NE-thang tu du with eether side. But in 1940 Kongres chaenj laws
so US kan sell war goods & supplies tu England & Frans for "kash & karry".
Industree perk up, kumpanees hire werkers, ekonomee revive, US
gradually pull outta the depresshun. After Hitler defeet Frans, guvt
fret & order big bild up av army & navy. Soon shipyards R bizee with
orders tu bild warships.
7 Des 1941: Perl Harber, Hawaii...Japs bomb US navy base & push USA intu the war.
"Dae av infamee".
Japs sink many battelships & kruizers, moe down planes parked in neet roes.
US ded= 2,403 & wuend 1178. Luze 149 planes. 6 battelships sunk.
US raesed 4 battelships & fixed em up, but it took 2.5 yeers.
Bi good luk, the 3 karriers based at Perl was out tu see & not hert.
Thus, navy foersed tu yuze karriers insted av the battelships it luv.
In time it lern how tu yuze karriers.
1 our after Perl Harber, Jap planes atak Filippines & katch planes on
the ground...kill all B-17 bombers theer. Later same dae, Jap troops
land on Malae. Jap planes bomb Guam. Japs okkupi Tiland.
For yeers, Japan klaem it want a "Grater Eest Aesya Ko-prosperity Speer".
Thats propoganda tu tri tu justifi: grab evreethang in site. Japan wanted
the oil & rubber av southeest aesya, in partikular Dutch Eest Indees
(now Indoneshya). Japan hav very littel natural resoerses & deside tu
take wot it want bi send in the army.
8 Des 1941: US deklare war on Japan.
10 Des 1941: Japs okkupi Guam.
11 Des 1941: Jermany deklare war on US.
11 Des 1941: Wake Ieland repel first Jap atak. But Japs kum bak on 23 Des.
For 6-8 months aft Perl Harber, Japan ran rampant all over Aesya.
Evreethang em tuch tern tu ash. It was so eezee, Jap military leeders
go hog wild & deside tu grab even more.
stradejee & overvyu
Top military bras & guvt krats see war kummin...figger US will gotu war sum
dae. Kleer US will fite with England...the Allies. Wen Jermany kill Frans,
it skare all big wigs in US guvt. In summer av 1940, Kongres agree
tu spend munee tu expand army & navy, & order big inkreez in orders
tu shipyards tu bild navy ships (warships). US publik was ginst war
til Perl Harber, but that united the kuntree tu fite.
27 Mar 1941: US joint cheefs (cheef av Army, Navy, Aer Foers) got tugether with
Brit cheefs & deside if war kum, top priority is Yerrop...Jermany is biggest
Thret. In praktis, the Pasifik was such a disaster, publik foers most
military stuff tu go theer the first 6-8 months.
15 milyun was in the military during the war, inklude 275,000 wemen.
Averaej soldyer=GI (jenral issue) was a draftee brot up in pasifist times.
Modern army need 2 support troops for 1 in front-line divishuns.
Divishuns was reinfoersed with artilry & armer, it gro from 8,000 at
first tu 20,000 later.
Deth rate from wuends was half WW 1. Bout 2/3 av wuended reterned tu duty.
Dazeez stil kill more that enamee, but not as bad as WW 1. Nu drugs help.
In sivil war, 94% av wuends was bullets. In WW 2, 72% was shell frags.
In time, the desiding fakter was make war goods. US outprodused evreewon
els kombined..."arsenal av demokrasee". But was slo tu go at first, majer
problem=graft, korrupshun, bribes, favortism, kumpanee profits ski-hi.
Kumpanee brass out tu make mak profit.
Make navy warships illustrate production. In pees time, it took
3 yeers tu make small ship such as destroyer, & 5 for big battelship.
In later yeers kan make a destroyer in 5 months & a karreeer in 15.
July 1941: guvt ordered a nu fraeter dezine... the Libertee ship. It was
dezined tu be as simpel as possabel, so shipyards kan yuze mostly
unskilled laber. Thus redues need for skilled kraftmen (limited suppli).
Yards yuzed mass produes & find nu waes tu simplifi assembly prosses.
Ship yuzed a standard deesel engin, so dont need speshalist tu make it.
Bi 1944, Kaiser make a libertee ship in 6 weeks. Later, "viktree ship"
replaes the Libertee (bigger & faster).
US dezined nu tipes av ships=landing kraft...land troops on beeches.
LSD=landing ship, dok. LCI=Land kraft, infantree. LST=Landing ship, tank.
The higgins boet bekam faemus=land 30 men on a beech. Landing ships bekame
essential tu land the army on hostile beeches so it kan fite the foe.
Sum produkshun problems...Japan overran 90% av the rubber suppli & big
oil feelds in Indoneshya. US rashuned gas tu foers folks tu drive less.
Not kaus lak gas...its lak av rubber=gotta redues weer on tires.
Aluminum for planes depend on imported ore & Jerman U-boets sink ships.
Steel produkshun did not inkreez fast nuff=roedblok. US goods makers was
never konverted tu war werk as much as Yerropeon kuntrees like England &
Jermany. The War Produes Bord was dezined tu organize the flo av goods tu
remuve roedbloks. It allokaed essenshal basiks such as steel as its wae
tu kontrol how much av x tu make. Kontrol was a lot less strikt than most
other majer war ekonomees.
Taxes paed for 40% av the war; rest borroed at 1.5%.
War kost=350 bilyun $...10 times WW 1.
It was a quiet war...no brass bands tu send boys tu war. The war war grim.
Nowon was happy tu fite, but see the need, & du his duty.
Atlantik area...1940-41
After the fall av Frans (June 1940), England stand alone ginst Jermany.
Roosevelt fret bout the war & Help Churchil (Nu prime minister av Brits).
Amerika skared av war but many sensed we wood eventuall be pulled in.
Nowon like Hitler, but many feer him. Same for Stalin. & Tojo.
Kongres is alarmed & agreed tu big inkree in army & navy. Allot $ tu bild
many ships for US navy (warships). But it take yeers tu make a warship.
US help eskort merchant ships tu/from England.
Rosevelt deside...1. help England
2. delae tu giv US time tu rearm
3. Yuze diplomasee on Japan tu delae war.
14 Jun 1940: Navy Expand bill. Kongres giv 4 bilyun $ tu bild ships.
July 1940: 2-see Navy akt.
Sep 1940: first draft b4 war. plan tu draft 800,000 men.
11 Mar 1941: lend-lees...Brits run outta munee, so Roosevelt deside tu giv awae
wotever em need. "lones" tu re repaed in sum nonnoed fyucher.
Apr 1941: Greenland (belong tu Denmark wich Jermany okkupi) US send troops theer.
Jun 1941: US freez axis assets & kloes konsulates.
22 Jun 41: Hitler invade Rushya. Suen aft, Roosevels sae US will help Rushya 2.
10 Aug 41: Roosevelt & Churchil meet and announs "Atlantik Charter".
Pasifik area...1940-Mae 1942
Japs run amuk evreeweer
Sep 1940: Japs okkupi French Indochina (after Hitler okkupi Frans)
US respond with part stop trade with Japan. Later stop export av skrap iron
& oil. Theer R pees talks but that is all krap.
26 Nov 1941: Jap fleet with its 6 biggest karreers leev for Hawaii: 423 planes.
7 Des 1941: Jap carrier planes attak US navy base & all aerports.
2,403 killed, 1178 wuended, 149 plaes destroyed.
Ships sunk: 8 battelships, 3 kruisers, 3 destroyers, 8 other...300,000 tons.
av 231 aerkraft, 7 still abel tu fli.
Filippines: Jap planes katch B-17's on the ground at noon lokal time
(bout 4 ours after start av bomps drop on Perl Harber).
8 Des 1941: around sunup, Japs land on Malae (stil 7 Des in USA)
8 Des 1941: Japs bomb Guam & Saipan.
8 Des 1941: US deklare war on Japan.
10 Des 41 : Japs land on Guam
Japs bomb Kavite Navy Yard (Filippines)
11 Des 41 : Jermanee deklare war on US.
Japs Atak Wake Ieland, but Mareens drive em awae.
23 Des: japs wipe out last defenders on Wake.
10-25 Des: Japs land at 9 plaeses in the Filippines.
27 Des 1941: McArthur pull all troops outta the Manila area...gotu Bataan Peninsula.
Rosevelt order McArthur tu Australia; him leev on 11 Mar 42.
Jan-Feb 1942: Japs atak evreeweer...seerees av see fites bi kruizers.
Japan win evree fite.
15 Feb 42: Singapore surrender. Faemus for guns that kan oenlee fire out tu see.
Japs land & atak other side, neer narro strate tween S & Malaya.
8 Apr 1942: Bataan surrender: 12,500 Amerikans & many filippinos.
folloed bi deth march tu prisun kamps.
6 Mae 1942: Korregidor Ieland surrender...last organized resistans in Filippines.
8 Mae 1942: Japs okkupi Rangoon, Burma
9 Mae 42: Java fall. In effekt Japs kontrol wot is now Indoneshya.
Atlantik area...1942
The disaster in the atlantik in 42 was almost as bad as the Pasifik.
It was a see fite & US navy was obsoleet. US navy brass prepared for the
rong war...big slug fest tween big-gun battelships. Fite toe-tu-toe
with guns til last 1 alive win. It was NOT like that. It was a fite
ginst Jerman subs. Subs tri tu sink kargo ships & thus starv Englan &
prevent US from send troops or supplies tu Yerrop. Jermany almost won.
Ships was lost a lot faster than US+Brits kood bild em.
1942 & first part av 1943 was a disaster at see in Yerrop-Med-atlantik areas.
Ships was sunk much faster that total output av all shipyards, even tho US
tried tu bild more ships faster.
Jan 1942: Jermans sent U-boets tu run up & down US eest koest. Em sink merchant
ships at will. US Navy Atlantik (Admiral King) freez stif...kant du nuthan &
dont tri. Admiral King klaem his job is tu protekt konvoys kros the Atlantik
tu suppli England. For 6 months, King refuze tu tri tu fite Jerman subs along
US eest koest.
12 Jan 1942: first merchant ship sunk off Kape Kod.
Jan-Apr: 200 ships sunk along eest koest. Most just off shore, in site av
tuerists on the beeches. Eest koest sitees lited up, so fraeters just offshore
R bak-lited at nite wen Jerman subs atak...like shoot fish in a tub.
So many oil taenkers sunk, military ops thtetened. Koffee & shugar
rashuned in US kauz dont hav ships tu bring stuf from Puerto Riko or
South Amerika.
US foersed tu "borro" small warships from England...we did NOT hav NE.
Navy ship bild program had konsentrated on big battelships, nun dun.
Help kame: armed yawths ("yachts" in krat speek) "Hooligan Navy".
Navy muved sum destroyers from Pasifik (how desperat kan yu get?).
Eventually, Navy tri tu bild more destroyers. Jerman subs R a lot smaller
& cheeper than a destroyer...thus Jermany kan bild sub faster than US kan
bild a destroyer. But later, US up produkshun.
Apr 1942: tipikal dae in Atlantik, Amerikan west half: 31 konvoys
673 fraeters & 145 eskorts. 120 singel ships at see all alone.
In this period, the best defens was aerkraft. U-boets alwaes atak on the
surfus. If sub see aerkraft, em dive. That disrupt em & put off atak.
US navy tri tu prevent sub ataks, dont even tri tu sink a sub.
Mid atlantik bekame most dedlee plaes, kauz it was outta aer raenj, all
aerkraft yuze land bases. Dont hav NE karriers dezined tu eskort ships.
June 1942: Us eskort konvoys up & down US eest koest, so Jerman subs
muve south tu Karabean, Brazil, West Indees, Gulf av Mexiko.
1942: Yerrop & Afrika
June 1942: Roosevelt & Churchil meet in Washington DC tu talk stradejee in Yerrop.
US military top brass want tu land troops kross channel from England
onto beeches in Frans in 1942. Take sum time tu reliaze it will be
a long time B4 us hav army & nuff navy ships tu get em tu Yerrop.
Brits wanted rades ginst far outposts av Jermans such as Norwae.
Tu keep evreewon ratteled, Rushya skreem for help...want atak in
Yerrop strong nuff tu draw off Jerman army.
25 July 1942: US & England agree tu land troops in North Afrika tu grab
French kolonees theer. Operashun "Torch". Idea is kan then yuze
it as base tu atak the "soft underbelly"...south part av Yerrop
such as Italy or land on Med koest av Frans.
23 Okt 1942: Montgomery launch Brit army in Afrika ginst Romel's Jermans.
Front atak ginst prepared trenches. Took him 2 weeks tu brake the line
even tho him outnumber Romel 2.5 tu 1.
08 Nov 1942: US & Brits land on beeches on North Afrika. Patton sael
from Norfolk, Virjinya & land in Morokko (northwest edj av Afrika).
French troops theer fite & take 3 daes tu talk em intu quit.
Other US & Brits landed at several plaeses in Aljeria, & had tu fite
the French. The delae from French fites giv Jermans time tu rush in
troops tu Tunishya. Raens kum & allied drive eest tuward Tunis bog down.
This is first fite for US Army, & the Brit troops was also nu draftees.
Took several months for em tu lern wot reel fite is like.
Pasifik area...1942
Brit Pasifik fleet was sunk in first 6 months. Bi June 42 no Brit
ships in Aesya, so US navy take over the fite ginst Japan. At first
idea was hold ontu wot we hav. Keep open the lines tu Austraelya &
Nu Zeeland.
Japan kot "viktree dazeez": took evreethang so eezee, em deside tu
take more...wanna take Nu Ginee, Nu Kaledonya, Solomons, maby Austraeya.
18 Apr 1942: Army b-25 bombers (James Doolittel) take off from Navy Kaereeers &
bomb Tokyo. It was a big stunt. Dont hert japs but skare em good.
3-8 Mae 1942: Koral See: First see fite tween Kaereers...men on ships never see
enamee ships. All fite is planes with bombs & bullets. Jap plan=land troops
at port Moresby, Nu Guinea...just north av Australia. The fite was a draw.
But Japan retreet & chaenj taktiks. Em land troops at Lae & Buna on eest
koest av Nu Guinea & march overland tuward Port Moresby. Never make it;
Australian troops get in the wae & eventually push em bak tu weer kum from.
midwae...big karrier see fite
first Jap setbak & after this Pasifik war is dominated bi aerkraft karriers.
4-6 June 1942: Midwae.
Jap hi kommand want tu foers a fite with the US "maen fleet".
Idea is destroy US fleet B4 US hav time tu bild nu ships.
Jap plan=atak with all ships it kan tu foers US fleet tu kum out & fite.
Jap fleet bigger so it destroy US navy. Then Japs kan du as em like.
At this time, Japs hav 2.5 times the shis as US Pasifik fleet.
Jap admiral Yamamoto in charj av Jap fleet. Him deside tu atak
Midwae Atol, northwest av Hawaii. That threten Perl Harbor. Japs
spekt US navy will kum out & fite. Japs send evree ship em kan muster.
Maen atak foers bilded round 4 big karriers tu bomb Midwae & be redy
tu fite US Navy if it sho up. The other 2 big jap karriers was on
wae home from the fite in the Koral see...em need months tu be fit agin.
Jap plan was tipikal for Jap military...very komplex with many
foerses spred all over, spozed tu du many thangs. Basik idea is:
smaller foers atak in spot far awae from maen fite tu draw off foe
tu go chaes goests far from the maen foers. For this, Japs send
ships tu Alueshun ielands, Alaska. Goel=land & hold ielands in far west.
But reel purpus was tu get US pasifik fleet tu rush wae up north
far from the reel fite.
The big karrier foers tu atak Midwae Ieland next dae=the reel fite.
Idea is US fleet far awae but will be foersed tu retern. This giv Jap
ships time tu wipe out US military on Midwae. A different Jap foers
kum from different wae & hav a landing foers tu take midwae. It hav
battelships tu blast NE-1 stil alive. As it terned out, this foers
never got theer.
Did NOT go akording tu plan. Maen reesun is Admiral Nimitz got nuff
intelligens tu figger out the basik Jap plan. US kode brakers dekode
bout 50% av stuff in Jap messages em intersept, nuff tu get maen idea.
So Nimitz send 3 US kaereers up neer Midwae B4 the Japs kum. Also send
planes tu Midwae...so ieland hav bout number planes as 1 karrier.
Japs send 4 big atak karriers in Midwae atak foers. Thus both sides
hav bout same number planes in this fite. It was a plane fite with
sum subs.
In maen fite, US sink 4 jap kaereers & luze 1 (the Yorktown).
Japs foersed tu retreet wen em luze theer kaereers. From now on, Japs
kant run wild as B4. This is a taest av wot most av the see-fite will be
in the Pasifik in WW2.
Midwae kut Jap navy strength nuff that afterward the fite was neer even.
Jap navy still bigger, but not overwelming.
Guadakanal
Aug 1942...Japs still tri tu atak tuward Australia. Em bild bases in
Soloman Ielands. Seeplane base on Tulagi (neer Guadakanal). Maen foers &
aerfeeld on Guadakanal. This threten suppli lines tu Australia. US deside
tu atak & bring in the Mareens; land on 7 Aug 1942. Em kapture the aerfeeld
(half dun), yuze kaptured Jap equipment & finish the aerfeeld & yuze it.
Then 6 months av bak & forth fites on land, see, and aer. Both sides
tri tu suppli & reinfores troops on land & get kontrol as seel lanes
tu Guadakanal. Japs get upper hand at see for several months.
Jap navy best at nite fites & alwaes time thangs so theer ships get
neer the kanal at nite. Several times em suprize US Navy & sink
lotta US ships. Peek fite=Nov 1942. Marines just barely hang on.
This was klasikal see fite: surfus ships fite with guns & torpedoes.
Japs also bild aer bases in other Solomon ielands in range av
Guadakanal. So lotta plane fites as both tri tu get kontrol av the aer.
Eventually, US bild up its foers & get upper hand. Ground foerses
push Jap army tuward the northwest tip.
Feb 1943: japs giv up & pull out (note...we did NOT foers em out).
This was the last reel Jap offensiv; from now on Japs tri tu hold ontu wot
em hav...Tri tu last as long as possabel in hopes US will giv up frustrated.
Didnt happen.
1943: Atlantik, Afrika, Yerrop, the Med
bakground: Brits in Afrika 1940-42
Britian has kolonees in Afrika sins 1880. Maen base in Egypt
at northeest korner av Afrika & with the Suez Kanal from the Med
tu red see & from theer tu the far eest.
After Frans fell, Brits fite Italy wich had kolony in wot is now
Libya. Italy under Mussolini took Somalia & invaded Ethiopia. & had
outpost in Syria in the Middel Eest. In 1940 & 41, England push
Italians outta theer konquesks in Syria, Somalia, & Ethiopia.
England atak Libya & thangs go good at first. But in June 41,
Jermans invade Yugoslovia & then Grees. Brits muve much av theer
army from Afrika tu Grees tu tri tu stop Jermans. Fael. Jermans
take Grees & Brits luze half theer army & many ships.
Then Jermans send Romel & the Afrika Kore tu Afrika. Romel run
wild & push Brits bak intu Egypt. At 1 time look like him take
maen Brit base at Alexander. But Brits stop him. Both sides dig in
along koest intu defensiv trenches. Stalemate. Over time, brits
bild up army theer & US suppli em with much military geer.
23 Okt-5 Nov 1942: Brit jenral Montgomery atak Jermans & eventually brake thru.
US & Brits in North Afriks 1942-43
It took 11 months for US tu raes a army & get it intu the feeld.
Jul 1942: Heep big cheefs deside tu land troops (US & Brit) in North Afrika:
French North Afrika. Hav politikal problems kauz French lost war tu Jermans.
Wotz left av French Army is in north Afrika. Will em fite us wen we land?
8 Nov 1942: Allied foerses land: Jenral Patton with Amerikans in Morokko.
US & Brits in Algeria. Big fite with French fleet off Kasablanka, Morokko.
French troops on land fite ginst US & Brits for 3 daes. This giv Jermans
time tu fli in troops from Italy tu Tunishya. Raens kame & terned all "roeds"
tu mush. US troops in Algeria slo tu muev eest tu atak Jermans in Tunishya.
Jan 1943: Roosevelt & Churchil meet at Kasablanka, Morokko. Em deside tu atak
Sicily after North Afrika. Deside Jermany gotta "unkondishunal surrender".
Feb 1943: Rommel retreet from Egypt & join Jermans in Tunishya. Jermans+Italians
theer=300,000.
14 Feb 1943: Rommel atak & take Kasseine Pass intu Algeria, threten US army.
Jenral Patton take kommand av US foerses in North Afrika & stop Rommel.
Brits under Montgomery get tu Tunishya. Nu trueps from states, so
Allies hav 500,000 men tu fite 300,000 axis in Tunishya.
Allies get kontrol av the ski & the see & isolate Jermans.
13 Mae 1943: Jermens surrender 275,000 trueps.
Battel av the Atlantik, 1943
1943: Jermany introdues nu, longer raenj subs & make 2 times as many.
Add "milk subs" tu suppli other subs at see. US make
"destroyer-eskort"=smaller vershun av destroyer & make 4 times as many.
Add eskort kaereers (CVE or "jeep" kaereer) tu konvoys tu provide aer support.
In mae 1943, tons av ship lost tu subs droped big time. From this point,
number ships the subs sink is less than number we make. Allies win
the see war in the Atlantik. Jermans luze so many subs, em pull em
bak for a wile. From this point, Allies kan get supplies kros the Atlantik
with oenlee miner los tu Jerman subs.
Sicily, 1943
Progress in Afrika was a lot sloer that the top military brass
spekted. Em planned on majer atak in Frans in 1943. Not tu be.
Publik wont let em sit & du nuthang for a yeer or 2. Kompromise=take
Sicily (part av Italy). It is neer North Afrika, so kan yuze army theer.
10 July 1943: 250,000 troops=8 divisions land on south shore av Sicily.
Eisenhower=overall kommand, Patton hav Amerikan army 7, Montgomery Brit
army 8. Slo going at first. Stronj Jerman resist.
17 Aug 1943: take all av the ieland.
**** Italy, 1943:
9 Sep 1943: US land on Italy at Salerno, south av Napels on west koest.
US army 5 under jenral Mark Clark. Thangs went bad at first. Jermans
spekted atak theer & was redee. Strong kounter atak almost drive em
intu the see. Bring in more troops & push Jermans bak...hard & slo.
1 Okt 1943: take Napels after Jermans destroy it. On eest side, take portant
Italian aer bases at Foggia. Tri tu march north up the peninsula.
Jermans resist. Land is mountains that is eezee tu defend. Raens kum
and evreethang bog down. Very littel progress til next yeer.
Pasifik...1943-44
in 1943, the fiting was in the "Southwest Pasifik Area"...Jenral McAurthur.
All av 1943 was spent fiting japs along the koest av Nu Guinae & up
the Solomon Ielands. First half yeer tu stop Japs. Half 2=go north.
Japs had a majer base at Rabaul on Nu Britain at north end av Solomons.
Slo going at first, but US strength inkreez & get kontrol av the aer & see.
McArthur adopt "leep-frog"...atak em weer em aent. Land US troops at spots
with small jap foers. Yuze aer power tu isolate & bipass the strong points.
In time, kripel big jap base at Rabaul & bipass it, but land troops neer
it tu keep ie onit.
25 Mar 1944: Winkinson take Green Ieland & McArthur take Manus in the
Admiralty Ielands. This pretty much surround Rabaul. Kombined with aer
raeds on Rabaul. That leev Rabaul tu rot till end av WW 2.
MacArthur go west along north koest av Nu Ginee.
17 Mae 1944: take Biak Ieland off northwest koest av Nu Ginee
sentral Pasifik drive 1943-44
Independent Navy drive kros the Pasifik start in Nov 1943 based on
Nu kaereers & Mareens tu assult isolated Jap Bases.
Nov 1943: Mareens land in the Gilberts...Makin is eezee, Tarawa a big bloddy
mess. Landing boets hang up on a reef & Mareens gotta wade half mile thru
water bout 4 ft deep, under fire. Luze lotta men. Mareens take it.
31 Jan 1944: Yuze Gilberts as nu base & atak the Marshal Ielands.
17 Feb 1944: Land on Eniwetok (west edj av Marshals)
20 Feb 1944: Japs abandon majer navy base at Truk
***** Marianas..."grate Marianas Terkee shoot"
US want the Mariana Ieland so kan bild aer baeses for b-29 bombers.
Kan bomb Japan from theer.
Maen Ielands= Saipan, Tinian, Guam.
Mae 1944: Kaereers av task foers 58 roem far & wide, hit Jap bases in the pasifik.
Hit Palau, Yap, Woleai, Truk, Marcus, Wake.
Jun 1944: Mitscher muve tu Marianas & bomb Japs. Spruance is overall
kommander av US fleet.
16 Jun 44: Japs put tugether Kaereer foers under Ozawa & em hed eest tuward
Marianas.
18 Jun 44: Spruance's ships join 180 miles west av Marianas. Nu task foers 58
hav 15 Kaereers with 900 planes...most kaereers ever in NE war.
19 Jun 44: Ozawa launch 250 planes ginst Amerikans. Very fyu get in raenj.
Defending fiters shoot down most Jap planes well west av Amerikan kaereers.
Sum Jap planes in the Mariana Ielands join the fite & get shot down 2.
Amerikan sub Cavalla sink the Shokaku; Albacore sink the Taiho.
Total av 373 Jap planes...102 survive the dae. US luze 29 planes.
20 Jun 44: Amaerikans launch ginst Jap ships late in dae at max raenj.
Em sink the Hiyo, Zuikaku, & Chiyoda. Wen em get bak tu theer ships,
its aft sunset...gotta land at nite & nowon ever du that.
Jap fleet down tu 40 planes & run for its life.
After this, Japan Navy aer foers no longer abel tu fite a majer fite.
1 Aug 44: 3 maen Ielands...Saipan, Tinian, Guam in Amerikan Hands.
Start werk on aer bases for B29's tu bomb Japan.
Filippines, Oktober 1944 (Leyte Gulf)
Faemus for the last big navy fite tween Japs & US.
McArthur & the navy meet in the Filippines...army land on Leyte Ieland
(eest edj, middel av the north-south chaen).
McArthur chuez it in hopes it wood be "relatively undefended". Rong.
Japs antisipate a landing sumweer & A spi giv awae weer. Japs muve as
many troops as em kan in barjes at nite & fite for every inch av jungel.
Japs no if we hav a base in the Filippines, we kan brake theer suppli
line tu oil in Indoneshya & the rubber in indochina & Malae.
Japs hav "sho" (viktree) plans in plaes, redee tu aktivate wen time kum.
Tipikal jap plan...several foerses kum from diff direkshuns, then konverj
on maen fite. This time the Japs inklude a kaereer foers as a divershun...
its purpus is tu lure Halsee north awae from the reel fite. That part werk.
Jap plan hav a foers av kruzers & destroyers tu kum at leyte from the south
(Surigao Straet). The strongest foers kum from the west thru San Bernadino
then tern south tu aproech Leyte from the north. Japs gotta assembel
& ko-ordinate the foerses tu get tu rite spot at rite time.
Such komplikated plans oft fall apart. This time it half werk.
17 Okt 1944: first US ships off Leyte...mine sweepers & other speshalized kraft.
Jap observers see it & tell HQ. Brass in Tokyo aktivate the Sho plan.
18 Okt 1944: US okkupi several small neerbi ielands
19 Okt 1944: Big ships blast the landing beeches...eest side av Leyte.
20 Okt 1944: Soldyers land on the beeches
22 Okt 1944: the army is ashore...bi now most suppli ships leev the area
23 Okt 1944: US subs see the maen Jap fleet, atak & sink 2 kruisers.
24 Okt 1944: Halsee's aermen atak the maen Jap fleet...sink the Musashi (battelship).
At 1400 the Jap kommande=Kurita tern around & hed west. The ataks disrupted
his fleet, so him need tu reorg. Halsee's aermen see him tern. Halsee
deside this fleet run awae. From then on, Halsee ignore it as a possabel
Thret. Big mistake. Japs just need time tu get orged. Halsey
hav his ships in 3 grueps (task foerses) spred north-south eest
av the Filippine Ielands.
Japs hid many planes in the jungels av many Filippine Ielands.
Waves av Jap planes atak US ships. US warships that support the
landings bizee at tri tu fite all the jap planes.
*** south Jap foers...Nishimura kommander: hav kruizers & destroyers
US Aer rekon spot the south Jap foers at 0900 24 Okt. Admiral Kinkaid,
kommander av the Navy support fleet predikt that foers will kum up thru
Surigao Straet that nite. It did & run intu defens fleet under Oldendorf.
US navy ships spred kross the exit from the straet...include 6 Old battelships
several raesed from the bottom av Perl Harber, but modernized. Sum
had latest elektroniks that yuze radar data tu aem the guns. That werked
very good in this nite fite. Japs lost many ships & rest flee.
US luze 1 destroyer, apparentlee hit bi freendlee fire.
*** maen Jap foers...San Bernado straet
Same nite: maen jap fleet tern & hed eest agin, at nite. Long &
komplex, require utmost kare & take all nite=weer out the Japs.
Jap plan sae he was tu get tu Leyte that nite at same time as south fleet.
But him late...get theer next morn.
25 Okt 1944: at sunrise, Kurita emerj from San Bernadino Straet & tern south.
0648 Japs see the north edj av US ships that support the army troops on land.
Support fleet kodename=Taffy, & gruep at north end=Taffy 3. Eech taffy
hav bout 4 eskort kaereers, 3 destroyers, & 4 destroyer-eskort. Japs hav
battelships & hevee krueezers. Em atak. Shood hav bloed the lite
US ships outta the water with eez. Japs did sink sum, but was very konfused.
Taffy send out kleer (not koded) messages for help. Unfortunately, Oldendorf
needed tu lode ammo & then was bout 10 ours awae.
*** Halsee charj north
Halsee with the maen fleet shood hav been neerbi, redee tu help.
He was lured awae bi Jap karriers wae up north. Jap kaeriers
under Ozawa got kloes nuff & deliberlately made shuer US planes
see him...time & weer was the portant thang. His purpus is tu be
far nuff awae, Halsee gotta run north tu get in raenj. Ozawa did his job
just rite. Halsee take the bate & charj north at max speed.
Halsee did NOT leev NE ships behind tu protekt the army on land.
24 Okt at 1540: aer rekon from Halsee (Fleet 3 or Task foers 38) find Ozawa.
Halsee run north at max speed with evree ship him hav. Halsee made BIG
mistake...did not leev NE foers tu watch the area north av Leyte.
& the message him send tu Nimitz was werded so konfused, it was
interpreted many waes bi all hu got a kopy av it.
25 Okt 1944 at 0430...Halsee launch first planes tu atak Ozawa hu was then
eest av the north tip av Luzon.
25 Okt 1944 at 0820...Halsee get first kall for help from Taffy; him ignore it.
1000: him get message from Nimitz that ask wotz going on?
1055: Halsee send 1 part av his fleet south tu help Taffy. 2 late. Kurita
in Jap fleet red all the kalls for help & thot Halsee is kloer & kummin.
0900: Kurita brake off & start tu go bak the wae him kame. Bi time US
karriers get neer, Japs outta raenj.
Net result av Leyte fite: Japs luze so many ships, em never agin kum out
and fite US navy.
------
Des 1944: McArthur open a base on Panay Ieland tu hav aerfeeld in raenj av Manila.
Jan 1945: US land troops on Luzon Ieland...plan tu gotu Manila.
Yerrop 1944
6 June 1944: Allies land on Normandee, Frans...5 divishuns along 50 mile front.
& 3 aerborn divishuns land inland the nite B4.
Bi now, the allies kontrol the see & the aer over Frans. That make the
landing possabel. But Jermans hav 60 divishuns in Frans, Allies hav
37 divishuns in England. Allies get men ashore, but progres very slo.
Hold small area along beeches & go bout 5 miles inland. Jermans rush
up troops & stop Brits on eest end. Slo progress for a month for
Amerikans in the west. In late July 1944, Patton get a army theer
& go charjing thru the Jermans. Aug 1944: Patton brake out & raes
kros Frans.
20 July 1944: Jerman military disidents tri tu kill Hitler & fael.
after that, Hitler kill all him suspekt had sumthang tu du with it.
15 Aug 1944: Allies land in south Frans along Med koest. Littel Jerman resist.
25 Aug 1944: liberate Paris. Politishuns put a French divishun under Patton
theer so it kan march intu Paris.
28 Aug 1944: Patton on the Marn. Kanada troops reech Belgium.
4 Sep 1944: Brits take Antwerp Belgium=a majer port. But it is 60 miles
from the see & theer R 90,000 Jermans tween Antwerp & the see.
11 Sep 1944: Amerikan troops reech Jerman border neer Aachen.
15 Sep 1944: Patton meet troops that landed on the Med koest av Frans.
Suppli bekum a majer problem. All supplies kum over the beeches at Normandee.
Jermans hav strong foerses in all ports with orders tu defend em tu deth.
Jermans stil kontrol all Frans's ports on the Atlantik & the Channel.
17 Sep 44: Montgomery tri a bold aerborn atak north from Belgium intu Holland
tu tri tu get bridjhed over the Rine River at Arnhem, Holland.
Bridjhed fael, but it push jermans bak 70 miles. Ops in Frans grind
tu a stop for lak av gas. Eisenhower foersed tu deside hu get gas so
him kan muve forward. Him giv hiest priority tu Kanada troops hu fite
tu kleer the waterwae from the see tu Antwerp. Take em 2 months.
Late Nov 1944: Antwerp open.
Jermans get time tu rekuver, rebild army, & bild defens line on border.
Okt 44: Jenral Hodges army 1 atak Aachen, just inside Jermany. Take 3 weeks
tu take the rubbel that was wons a sitee. Charlemane's kapital.
Bradlee join army 9 with 1 & em tri tu take the Roer River Dams.
Atak go thru Hurtgen Forest & bog down with hevee losses.
Nov 44: Jenral Patton (army 3) take major Jerman defenses at Metz in Lorrain.
22 Nov 44:Metz fall.
23 Nov 44:Strasberg fall.
Battel av the Buldj, Desember 1944
Hitler order big Jerman kounter atak thru Beljum. Goel: take Antwerp,
split Allies, kut off foerses in the north, foers allies tu
make pees.
16 Des 44: Jermans kum outta the Ardens forest & sprize evreewon.
17 Des 44: Eisenhower send 101 Aerborn tu Bastone & em hold, surrounded bi Jermans.
22 Des: Jermans ask aerborn tu surrender; McAulif sae "nuts".
26 Des: max Jerman penetrate=60 miles...almost tu the Mues River.
Patton send 4 divisions north. on 26 Des, em reech Bastone.
15 Jan 45: Battel av the Budj over, lines bak weer it was on 15 Des.
Oenlee differ is Jermans lost 120,000 men, 1600 planes, & all theer armer.
Yerrop 1945
Jan 1945: Allies in the west muve up tu the Jermal border...all along border.
9 Mar 45: divishun 9 take a bridj over the Rine at Remagen. It stae up 10 daes:
long nuff tu form a birdjhed on eest side 10 miles wide &
4 miles deep.
22 Mar 45: patton kros Rine with landing kraft, assult boets, & Duks.
April: suround the Rur. 325,000 Jermans surrender.
Montgomery get his ass in geer aft 4 months av stall; go north along
Jerman plaen (areas neer the koest). Take Hamberg.
12 Apr 45: president Roosevelt Die. Truman bekum pres.
25 Apr 45: US & Rushya armees meet neer the Elbe.
30 Apr 45: Hitler kill self & brown 2.
7 Mae 45: Jermany surrender.
Pasifik...1945
US bomb Japan
US developed the B-29 bomber just so it kood bomb Japan. Biggest bomber
av that age & longer raenj than NE prior bomber. Development was long &
frustrating. Biggest problem was enjins...keep katching on fire...luze
many planes from enjin fires.
1943: as B29 get neer redee, oenlee freendlee land in raenj av Japan is China.
15 Apr 44: First B-29's sent tu India. A fyu fli "over the hump" tu China.
But all supplies tu China gotta fli in from India=very slo & kost a lot.
Japs okkupi hole koest av China + Burma+Tiland+Indochina.
June 44: as shakedown test, B-29's bomb raelroeds in Bangkok.
14 Jun 44: First B-29's bomb Japan...75 bombers. 7 abort with mekanikal
problems. 4 retern for same reesun. 3 krash. Target=Iron & steel
werks at Yawata on Kyushu Ieland. Its kloudy, so gotta yuze radar tu
drop bombs bi radar. 31 planes drop bombs. 21 kant find target.
Doutful if even 1 bomb hit the target.
July 44: Jenral Kurtis LeMae bekum boss man av Aer Foers Bomber Kommand in China.
Kan bring in nuff supplies tu make bout 1 B-29 raed a month on Japan.
Big wigs in DC mad as hell. Em demand results. Aer Foers kant.
June-Aug 1944: US military in the Pasifik take the Mariana Ielands. Purpus=
bild bases for B-29's tu bomb Japan. B-29 is very hevee & require strong
& long konkreet runwae. So it take 3-4 months tu bild a base for B-29's.
12 Okt 44: first B-29 land in the Marianas.
17 Nov 44: first bomb run from Marianas tu Japan.
22 Nov 44: hav 100 B-29's & send out test bomb runs on Truk & Iwo Jima.
111 B-29's spozed tu go. Wether bad, delae takeoff dae-bi-dae for a week.
24 Nov 44: planes take off. 17 retern kauz av mekanikal problems.
24 find the target, 1 shot down, 1 ditch at see. Most bombers drop
bombs sumweer in Japan area more-or-less. Dont no weer. Best ges is
not 1 bomb hit the target.
18 Des 44: B-29's bomb Hankow in China (on Yangtze River) in Jap-okkupied area.
Chennault persuaded the kommander tu bomb from "lo altitude"...18,000 ft
insted av normal 25,000 ft. & em drop fire-bombs ("incendiaries" in krat
speek). Fires rage outta kontrol for 3 daes. Dok area destroyed.
Bak in 1924, Billy Mitchel rote that most bildings & houses in Aesya R wood
& paper. Thus the wae tu hert em is bern em. At last sumwon in the military
realize this.
Jan 1945: Guvt send LeMae tu Marianas tu take over the B-29's theer.
27 Jan 45: LeMae agree "under protest" tu direkt orders from HQ tu drop fire
bombs on Japan.
04 Feb 45: 100 B-29's bomb Kobe. 69 planes find the target. Estimate
2.5 milyun sq ft av bildings destroyed.
25 Feb 45: Bomb Tokyo. 1 square mile destroyed.
LeMae bekum konvinsed, him strip bombers so kan karry more bombs. Planes
fli loer, sumtimes bomb from 5,000 ft.
09 Mar 45: 275 B-29's bomb Tokyo. Fire outta kontrol. 16 square miles bern.
estimated 84,000 killed, 41,000 berned, 1,000,000 homeless.
From then on, fire bomb is the wae tu go.
15 Jun 45: bi now, hav bombed most big sitees in Japan. Sitee area=257 sq mile.
estimated 105 sq mile destroyed. Start bombing smaller sitees.
Bi now hav nuff planes tu bomb Japan evree 3 daes.
But even fire bombs did not foers Japan tu surrender.
06 Aug 45: Kernel Tibbets drop A-bomb on Hiroshima from hi altitude at 0915.
Kill 78,000, hert 51,000, 176,000 homeless.
09 Aug 45: Majer Sweenee drop A-bomb on Nagasaki at 1100.
kill 35,000, hert 50,000.
Iwo Jima
19 Feb 1945: Mareens land on Iwo Jima=Jap Ieland bout half wae tween Marianas & Tokyo.
Maen reesun is for fiter base tu eskort B-29's tu Japan & tu nok-out Jap
observers hu see bombers kummin. 2nd reesun=base for hert B-29's tu land.
14 Mar 1945: Japs giv up
US kost was hi: 6,855 ded, 21,000 hert.
Okinawa
For a long time, big-wigs planned next base tu be Formosa (Taiwan).
Em chaenj mind & gotu Okinawa kauz it is kloeser tu Japan...B-29's kan
bomb Japan from theer. Long raenj fiters on Okinawa kan reech Japan &
provide aer support for landings on south-most av big Jap Ielands.
1 Apr 1945: Maen landings on Okinawa. Japs withdraw tu inland fortified area,
maenlee in the south. US take & yuze lokal aer baeses bi dae 5.
But took til mid June tu okkupi hole Ieland. 12,500 US ded.
Big problem...Jap suiside planes (Kamikaze "Divine Wind").
32 ships sunk, 61 hert so bad, em go bak tu base for majer repaers.
7 Kaereers hit.
Filippines
Wen McArthur sed he wood retern, him meen tu retake all the Filippines.
Need tu take Manilia & sum av Luzon for good military reesuns. Rest is
oenlee tu keep his werd. Landed on Luzon in Jan 1945. Other Ielands
Apr-Jun 45. This bekame a sidesho. Maen fite was Okinawa.
Wen the war end, Jap troops stil hold out in mountins av Luzon
& other ielands.
end av Japan
A week after land on Okinawa, US start bild up foers theer for tu atak Japan.
Plan is land on south Jap Ieland=Kyushu with 1 milyun men in Nov 1945.
Brass estimate it take 18 months tu take Japan & kost=1 milyun kasultees.
26 July 1945: Truman & Churchil at Potsdam tell Japan: surrender or die.
6-9 Aug 1945: Drop A-bombs on on Hiroshima & Nagasaki.
10 aug 45: Rushya deklare war on Japan.
11 aug 45: Japan send out pees feelers.
28 Aug 45: Advanse party land at Atsugi aerfeeld neer Tokyo.
02 Sep 45: formal surrender on battelship Mazera.
WW2 stats
Draft: USA: 50 milyun registered for the draft, Sep 1940-1945
half kalled up was rejekted for medikal reesuns
Military
bout 16,000,000 served in US military during WW2.
38.8 % volunteer, 61,2 % drafted
army: 11.2 milyun (inklude aer foers)